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Text-fig. 5. Occurrence of p1 in mandibles from brown bears, data after Table 3 (presence = p1 or alveoli observed, absence = no p1 developed, broken = diastema fragmented). in Anterior Premolar Variability In Pleistocene Cave And Brown Bears And Its Significance In Species Determination

Text-fig. 5. Occurrence of p1 in mandibles from brown bears, data after Table 3 (presence = p1 or alveoli observed, absence = no p1 developed, broken = diastema fragmented).

Text-fig. 7. Occurrence of p1 in mandibles from Deninger bears and cave bears, data after Table 3 (presence = p1 or alveoli observed, absence = no p1 developed, broken = diastema fragmented). in Anterior Premolar Variability In Pleistocene Cave And Brown Bears And Its Significance In Species Determination

Text-fig. 7. Occurrence of p1 in mandibles from Deninger bears and cave bears, data after Table 3 (presence = p1 or alveoli observed, absence = no p1 developed, broken = diastema fragmented).

Text-fig. 16. Impact marks on the ventral edge of mandible 98-583-C-Př5-90-92, for the metrics of this bone see Table 12. in Consumption Of Canid Meat At The Gravettian Předmostí Site, The Czech Republic

Text-fig. 16. Impact marks on the ventral edge of mandible 98-583-C-Př5-90-92, for the metrics of this bone see Table 12.

Text-fig. 6. Hyainailouros sulzeri BIEDERMANN, 1863 from Arrisdrift, Sperrgebiet, Namibia. GSN AD 106'99, left mandible with m1. a: radiograph showing unerupted m3 and m2, b: occlusal view, c: buccal view. pp = undetermined premolars, pa = paraconid, pr = protoconid. in New Hyaenodonts (Ferae, Mammalia) From The Early Miocene Of Napak (Uganda), Koru (Kenya) And Grillental (Namibia)

Text-fig. 6. Hyainailouros sulzeri BIEDERMANN, 1863 from Arrisdrift, Sperrgebiet, Namibia. GSN AD 106'99, left mandible with m1. a: radiograph showing unerupted m3 and m2, b: occlusal view, c: buccal view. pp = undetermined premolars, pa = paraconid, pr = protoconid.

Text-fig. 18. Barytherium sp. from Dor el Talha, Libya. a) MNHN LBE 13, right upper premolar, stereo occlusal views (scale bar 1 cm) and b) MNHN LBE 004, right mandible containing m/2 and m/3 (b1 – stereo occlusal views, b2 – lingual view) (scale bar 5 cm). in Large Mammals From The Rupelian Of Oman - Recent Finds

Text-fig. 18. Barytherium sp. from Dor el Talha, Libya. a) MNHN LBE 13, right upper premolar, stereo occlusal views (scale bar 1 cm) and b) MNHN LBE 004, right mandible containing m/2 and m/3 (b1 – stereo occlusal views, b2 – lingual view) (scale bar 5 cm).

Text-fig. 13. Stereo occlusal views of SQU 290, juvenile left mandible of Omanitherium dhofarense, part of the holotype (scale bar 5 cm). Table 2. Measurements (in mm) of the teeth of Omanitherium dhofarense. in Large Mammals From The Rupelian Of Oman - Recent Finds

Text-fig. 13. Stereo occlusal views of SQU 290, juvenile left mandible of Omanitherium dhofarense, part of the holotype (scale bar 5 cm). Table 2. Measurements (in mm) of the teeth of Omanitherium dhofarense.

Figure 6 in Evolution of the zygomasseteric construction in Rodentia, as revealed by a geometric morphometric analysis of the mandible of Graphiurus (Rodentia, Gliridae)

Figure 6. Zygomasseteric construction in extinct and extant Gliridae with the origin and insertion of the lateral (thin arrows) and medial (thick arrows) portions of the masseteric muscle. A, QP 625, Gliravus majori (Quercy, France, Oligocene), protrogomorphy; B, ITD 140 Bransatoglis micio [Itardies, Quercy, Oligocene (MP23)], derived protrogomorphy (or primitive myomorphy); C, Glis glis, myomorphy; D, Graphiurus hueti, hystricomorphy. The dotted lines are reconstructions. Abbreviations: iof, infraorbital foramen; zp, zygomatic plate. Scale bar, 5 mm.

Figure 4 in Evolution of the zygomasseteric construction in Rodentia, as revealed by a geometric morphometric analysis of the mandible of Graphiurus (Rodentia, Gliridae)

Figure 4. Plot of the discriminant analysis of the Fourier coefficients versus morphological type. Solid symbols indicate families with hystricomorphous skull: squares, Anomaluridae; rhombi, Ctenodactylidae; circles, Pedetidae; triangles, Dipodidae; stars, Graphiurinae. Open symbols indicate myomorph families: stars, Gliridae (Glirinae/Leithiinae); rhombi, Nesomyidae; circles, Muridae; triangles, Cricetidae.

Figure 2 in Evolution of the zygomasseteric construction in Rodentia, as revealed by a geometric morphometric analysis of the mandible of Graphiurus (Rodentia, Gliridae)

Figure 2. Phylogenetic hypotheses for Graphiurus (A) based on cranial and dental characters of fossils and living species (Vianey-Liaud & Jaeger, 1996), (B) based on cranial and dental characters of living species (Wahlert et al., 1993), (C) based on dental morphological characters of fossils and extant species (Daams & De Brujn, 1995), (D) based on incisor enamel microstructure (Koenigswald, 1995), (E) based on partial mitochondrial gene sequences (Bentz & Montgelard, 1999), and (F) based on partial mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences (Montgelard et al., 2003).

Figure 1 in Evolution of the zygomasseteric construction in Rodentia, as revealed by a geometric morphometric analysis of the mandible of Graphiurus (Rodentia, Gliridae)

Figure 1. The four basic types of rodent skulls. A, protrogomorphy; B, sciuromorphy; C, hystricomorphy; D, myomorphy. Thin and thick arrows show the origin and the insertion of the lateral and medial portions of the masseter respectively.

Figure 15 in Skull, mandible, and hyoid of Shinisaurus crocodilurus Ahl (Squamata, Anguimorpha)

Figure 15. Detail of braincase foramina. A, posterolateral view of the braincase. B, posterodorsal view of braincase. C, anterior view of the basisphenoid. D, posteroventral view of braincase. UF 57112. Scale bars = 5 mm.

Figure 13. Right quadrate. A, anteromedial view. B in Skull, mandible, and hyoid of Shinisaurus crocodilurus Ahl (Squamata, Anguimorpha)

Figure 13. Right quadrate. A, anteromedial view. B, and posterolateral view. UF 68203. Scale bar = 5 mm.

Figure 11. Frontal and parietal. A in Skull, mandible, and hyoid of Shinisaurus crocodilurus Ahl (Squamata, Anguimorpha)

Figure 11. Frontal and parietal. A, dorsal and B, ventral views of the frontal. C, dorsal and D, ventral views of the parietal. E, F, relative lengths of the supratemporal processes of the parietal in E, a subadult and F, an adult specimen. A-D, UF 57112; E, 62316; F, UF 61139. Scale bars = 5 mm.

Figure 9 in Skull, mandible, and hyoid of Shinisaurus crocodilurus Ahl (Squamata, Anguimorpha)

Figure 9. Paired postorbital skull roofing bones excluding the supratemporal, right side of skull. A, lateral and B, medial views of the jugal. C, lateral and D, and medial views of the postorbitofrontal. E, lateral and F, medial views of the squamosal. G, detail of the contacts of the jugal, postorbitofrontal, and squamosal in lateral view, illustrating the absence of a jugal–squamosal contact in juvenile (left) and adult (right) specimens. A-F, UF 57112; G, UF 62316 (left) and UF 61139 (right). Scale bars = 5 mm.

Figure 6 in Skull, mandible, and hyoid of Shinisaurus crocodilurus Ahl (Squamata, Anguimorpha)

Figure 6. Anguimorph mandibles in medial view. A, Carusia intermedia. B, Xenosaurus grandis. C, Pseudopus apodus. D, Heloderma suspectum. E, Varanus salvator. A, composite redrawn after Borsuk-Bialynicka (1985) and Gao & Norell (1998); others redrawn after Rieppel (1980). All scaled to same approximate cranial depth (see Fig. 5).

Figure 4 in Skull, mandible, and hyoid of Shinisaurus crocodilurus Ahl (Squamata, Anguimorpha)

Figure 4. Anguimorph crania in ventral view. A, Carusia intermedia. B, Xenosaurus grandis. C, Pseudopus apodus. D, Heloderma suspectum. E, Varanus salvator. A, composite redrawn after Borsuk-Bialynicka (1985) and Gao & Norell (1998, 2000); others redrawn after Rieppel (1980). All scaled to same approximate cranial depth (see Fig. 5).

Figure 5 in Skull, mandible, and hyoid of Shinisaurus crocodilurus Ahl (Squamata, Anguimorpha)

Figure 5. Anguimorph skulls in lateral view. A, Carusia intermedia. B, Xenosaurus grandis. C, Pseudopus apodus. D, Heloderma suspectum. E, Varanus salvator. A, composite redrawn after Borsuk-Bialynicka (1985), Alifanov (2000), Gao & Hou (1996), and Gao & Norell (1998, 2000); others redrawn after Rieppel (1980). Scale bars = 5 mm. All scaled to same approximate cranial depth.

Figure 12 in Skull, mandible, and hyoid of Shinisaurus crocodilurus Ahl (Squamata, Anguimorpha)

Figure 12. Dorsal view of left palatal elements. A, vomer. B, palatine. C, pterygoid. D, ectopterygoid. UF 57112. Scale bar = 5 mm.

Figure 7 in Skull, mandible, and hyoid of Shinisaurus crocodilurus Ahl (Squamata, Anguimorpha)

Figure 7. Antorbital skull roofing bones, right side of the skull. A, external and B, internal views of the premaxilla. C, lateral and D, medial views of the maxilla. E, dorsal and F, ventral views of the nasal. G, lateral and H, medial views of the prefrontal. I, lateral and J, medial views of the lacrimal. Scale bar = 5 mm.

Figure 2 in Skull, mandible, and hyoid of Shinisaurus crocodilurus Ahl (Squamata, Anguimorpha)

Figure 2. Skull and mandible of Shinisaurus. A, skull, right lateral view. B, skull, dorsal view. C, skull, ventral view. D, right mandible, lateral view. E, right mandible, medial view. F, skull, posterior view. Scale bars = 5 mm. A, B, D (UF 62316); C, E, F (UF 62497); Scales same in A, B and in C, F.