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437 results for “morphological variability”
Fig. 5. Otostigmus spinosus Porat, 1876 in Brooding behaviour of the centipede Otostigmus spinosus Porat, 1876 (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha: Scolopendridae) and its morphological variability in Thailand
Fig. 5. Otostigmus spinosus Porat, 1876. Light photographs of specimens from southern Thailand (Fig. A–E; specimens from Surin Islands, Phang-nga province: CUMZ 00231; Fig. I–N; specimens from Wat Tham Wararam, Surat Thani province: CUMZ 00224). A, Cephalic plate and T1 with first pair of locomotory legs; B, Forcipular segment; C, Antenna with cephalic plate and TT1–5; D, Tergites 9–10; E, Sternites 9–10; F–H. Spiracles on segments 3, 5 and 8, respectively; I, Tergite and sternite of ultimate-leg bearing segment; J, Pore field on left and right coxopleura; K, Dorsal view of ultimate leg prefemur; L, Ventral view of ultimate leg prefemur; M–N, Leg 20 left and right with spine on distal part of prefemora.
FIG. 7 in Oospore features among morphologically similar and closely related charophyte species: consistency and variability
FIG. 7. — The relationship between oospore parameters of Chara baueri A.Braun and Chara braunii C.C.Gmel., and variable that represents these two species from all sampling localities. Redundancy analysis (RDA). Abbreviations: see Material and methods.
FIG. 5 in Oospore features among morphologically similar and closely related charophyte species: consistency and variability
FIG. 5. — The relationship between oospore parameters of Chara "connivens" P.Salzmann ex A.Braun and Chara globularis Thuil., and nominal variable referring to these two species: A, considering all sampling localities; B, referring to these two species considering Dulin pond locality only. Redundancy analysis (RDA). Abbreviations: see Material and methods.
FIG. 6 in Oospore features among morphologically similar and closely related charophyte species: consistency and variability
FIG. 6. — Oospore parameters of Chara braunii C.C.Gmel. in relation to localities where this species was found. Redundancy analysis (RDA). Abbreviations: see Material and methods.
FIG. 3 in Oospore features among morphologically similar and closely related charophyte species: consistency and variability
FIG. 3. — Oospores of selected charophyte species: A, Chara globularis Thuil.; B, Chara "connivens" P.Salzmann ex A.Braun; C, Chara baueri A.Braun; D, Chara braunii C.C.Gmel. Scale bars: 200 µm.
FIG. 4 in Oospore features among morphologically similar and closely related charophyte species: consistency and variability
FIG. 4. — Oospore parameters of Chara globularis Thuil. in relation to localities where this species was found. Redundancy analysis (RDA). Abbreviations: see Material and methods.
Fig. 2. Shell morphometric variables. A in Morphology and taxonomic assessment of eight genetic clades of Mercuria Boeters, 1971 (Caenogastropoda, Hydrobiidae), with the description of five new species
Fig. 2. Shell morphometric variables. A. Image of a specimen of Mercuria similis (Draparnaud, 1805) indicating the landmarks (red) and semilandmarks (blue) used for the geometric morphometric analysis (PCA). B–C. Drawings of shells of Mercuria Boeters, 1971, showing the linear measurements made on the shell and protoconch.
Fig. 5 in Additional data on Spinitectus petterae (Nematoda: Rhabditida) from Clarias gariepinus (Siluriformes: Clariidae) in the Vaal River system: conserved morphology or high intraspecific genetic variability?
Fig. 5. Scanning electron micrographs of immature female of Spinitectus petterae Boomker, 1993 collected from Clarias gariepinus (Burchell). A – apical view of cephalic region; B – vulva; C – conical tail end; D – conical tail. Abbrevations: A – anus; CA – caudal papilla; L – labium; MT – mucron tip; PL – pseudolabium.
Fig. 4 in Additional data on Spinitectus petterae (Nematoda: Rhabditida) from Clarias gariepinus (Siluriformes: Clariidae) in the Vaal River system: conserved morphology or high intraspecific genetic variability?
Fig. 4. Illustrations of Spinitectus petterae Boomker, 1993 – male, reproductive structures and tail end. A – lateral aspect of posterior section with left and right spicules, and associated structures; B – tip of left spicule from two views and tip of the right spicule with fleshy extension; C – ventral aspect of posterior section with caudal papillae and cloacal opening. Abbreviation: C – cloacal opening; CCO – cytoplasmic core opening; LS – left spicule; LSB – left spicule blade; LSS – left spicule shaft; M – manubrium; PcP – postcloacal papillae; PP – precloacal papillae; RP – rugosa plates; RS – right spicule; SM – spicule muscle; SP – spicular pouch; VD – vas deferens.
Fig. 7 in Additional data on Spinitectus petterae (Nematoda: Rhabditida) from Clarias gariepinus (Siluriformes: Clariidae) in the Vaal River system: conserved morphology or high intraspecific genetic variability?
Fig. 7. Phylogenetic relationships of Spinitectus spp. based on available cox1 mtDNA for Spinitectus based on Bayesian inference (BI)), with Rhabdochona xiphophori Caspeta-Mandujano, Moravec et Salgado-Maldonado, 2001 as the designated outgroup. Posterior probability (BI) and 1,000 bootstrap replicate (maximum likelihood (ML)) support indicated (BI/ML), nodes with less than 0.5 (50 %) support not annotated. Data shaded in colour from indicated geographical locality or river system, and three haplotypes recorded from the Vaal River system indicated (VRS1–VRS3).
Fig. 2 in Additional data on Spinitectus petterae (Nematoda: Rhabditida) from Clarias gariepinus (Siluriformes: Clariidae) in the Vaal River system: conserved morphology or high intraspecific genetic variability?
Fig. 2. Light and scanning electron micrographs of adult females of Spinitectus petterae Boomker, 1993 collected from Clarias gariepinus (Burchell). A – neck showing spines on annular rings; B – first three rings on neck, rings indicated numerically and spine length measurement illustrated; C – apical view of the cephalic region; D – lateral view of cephalic region; E – apical view of cephalic structures; F – excretory pore; G – diminishing spines; H – posterior end; inlay gonopore with vulva I – posterior end with gonopore, vulva position indicated; J – conical tail tip; K – conical tail and mucron tip. Abbreviations: A – anus; AP – amphid; CP – cephalic papillae; L – labia; MT – mucron tip; PL – pseudolabia; PS – porous structure; OO – oral opening; V – vulva; SL – sublabium.
Fig. 1. A in Additional data on Spinitectus petterae (Nematoda: Rhabditida) from Clarias gariepinus (Siluriformes: Clariidae) in the Vaal River system: conserved morphology or high intraspecific genetic variability?
Fig. 1. A – map of South Africa; B – map of the river systems in the inlay showing the sampling sites where Spinitectus petterae Boomker, 1993 was collected in Clarias gariepinus (Burchell). Abbreviations: 1 – down-stream of the Vaal River Barrage; 2 – in the Vaal Dam reservoir; 3 – down-stream of the Grootdraai Dam; 4 – Crocodile River.
Temporal instability of lake charr phenotypes: Synchronicity of growth rates and morphology linked to environmental variables?
<p>Pathways through which phenotypic variation among individuals arise can be complex. One assumption often made in relation to intraspecific diversity is that the stability or predictability of the environment will interact with expression of the underlying phenotypic variation. <span>To address</span> biological complexity below the species level<span>, we investigated variability across years in morphology and annual growth increments between and within two sympatric lake charr <i>Salvelinus namaycush</i> ecotypes in Rush Lake, USA. </span>A rapid phenotypic shift in body and head shape was found within a decade. The magnitude and direction of the observed phenotypic change was consistent in both ecotypes, which suggests similar pathways caused the variation over time. Over the same time period, annual growth increments declined for both lake charr ecotypes and corresponded with a consistent phenotypic shift of each ecotype. Despite ecotype-specific annual growth changes in response to winter conditions, the observed annual growth shift for both ecotypes was linked, to some degree, with variation in the environment. Particularly, a declining trend in regional cloud cover was associated with an increase of early stage (ages 1-3) annual growth for lake charr of Rush Lake. Underlying mechanisms causing changes in growth rates and constrained morphological modulation are not fully understood. An improved knowledge of the biology hidden within the expression of phenotypic variation promises to clarify our understanding of temporal morphological diversity and instability.</p>
Fig. 24. Tubercles size-density variability among different Archostemata genera. B in ON SPLITTING OF THE GENUS NOTOCUPES (COLEOPTERA: ARCHOSTEMATA): NEW DATA ON MORPHOLOGY AND TAXONOMY
Fig. 24. Tubercles size-density variability among different Archostemata genera. B (vio-
Data from: Leaf morphological traits show greater responses to changes in climate than leaf physiological traits and gas exchange variables
<p>Adaptation to changing conditions is one of the strategies plants use to survive climate change. Here, we ask whether plants' leaf morphological and physiological traits/gas exchange variables have changed in response to recent, anthropogenic climate change. We grew seedlings from resurrected historic seeds from <em>ex-situ </em>seed banks and paired modern seeds in a common-garden experiment. Species pairs were collected from regions that had undergone differing levels of climate change using an emerging framework – Climate Contrast Resurrection Ecology, allowing us to hypothesise that regions with greater changes in climate (including temperature, precipitation, climate variability and climatic extremes) there would be greater trait responses in leaf morphology and physiology over time. Our found that in regions where there were greater changes in climate, there were greater changes in average leaf area, leaf margin complexity, leaf thickness and leaf intrinsic water use efficiency. Changes in leaf roundness, photosynthetic rate, stomatal density and the leaf economic strategy of our species were not correlated with changes in the climate. Our results show that leaves do have the ability to respond to changes in climate, however, there are greater inherited responses in morphological leaf traits than in physiological traits/variables, and greater responses to extreme measures of climate than gradual changes in climatic means. It is vital for accurate predictions of species' responses to impending climate change to ensure that future climate change ecology studies utilise knowledge about the difference in both leaf trait and gas exchange responses, and the climate variables that they respond to.</p>
Fig. 1 in Genetic And Morphological Variability Of Small Vendace (Coregonus Albula (Linnaeus, 1758)) Population In Three Latvian Lakes
Fig. 1. The location of sampling sites. - Lake Sventes, Lake Nirzas and Lake Rāznas.
Text-fig. 1 Ranges of the revised taxa from Cambrian to Devonian; also indicated in table 1. in Morphologic Variability In Lower Palaeozoic Acritarchs: Importance For Acritarch Systematics
Text-fig. 1 Ranges of the revised taxa from Cambrian to Devonian; also indicated in table 1.
Fig. 10 in Ecophenotypic plasticity versus evolutionary trends-morphological variability in Upper Jurassic bivalve shells from Portugal
Fig. 10. Box plot of rib numbers in Arcomytilus. Numbers in squared brackets refer to Fig. 2.
Figure 1 in Intraspecific morphological tooth variability and geographical distribution: Application to the Savi's vole, Microtus (Terricola) savii (Rodentia, Arvicolinae)
Figure 1. Map of Italy with populations by region (see text for names of localities).
Figure 2 in Intraspecific morphological tooth variability and geographical distribution: Application to the Savi's vole, Microtus (Terricola) savii (Rodentia, Arvicolinae)
Figure 2. Morphometry of the first lower molar of Microtus (Terricola).
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