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opennotspecifiedDec 2006View details →

Fig. 2 in Food Relocation Behavior, Nests, and Brood Balls of Canthon quinquemaculatus Laporte de Castelnau (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)

Fig. 2. Brood balls and larval development of Canthon quinquemaculatus. A) Ball with a crater-like depression at one pole, scale bar = 2.5 mm, B) External view of a brood ball with a conical protuberance, scale bar = 2.5 mm; note the larval fecal pellets (arrow) with high content of soil material, ejected outside the ball, C) Internal view of a brood ball showing a pharate larva inside the egg chamber, scale bar = 2.5 mm; note that the egg chamber is completely located inside the spherical protuberance, D) External view of a brood ball with a conical, elongate protuberance, scale bar = 2.5 mm, E) Internal view of a brood ball showing the location of the egg chamber at the base of the protuberance, scale bar = 2.5 mm, F) Aeration conduit opening (arrow) seen from the egg chamber, scale bar = 1 mm; note the absence of organic lining, G) Aeration conduit in longitudinal section and the filter of loose soil, scale bar = 1 mm, H) Internal view of a brood ball showing a larva in contact with the provisions, scale bar = 2.5 mm, I) Pupa, scale bar = 2.5 mm, J) Adult, scale bar = 2.5 mm.

opennotspecifiedMay 2014View details →

Fig. 1 in Food Relocation Behavior, Nests, and Brood Balls of Canthon quinquemaculatus Laporte de Castelnau (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)

Fig. 1. Food relocation and nests of Canthon quinquemaculatus. A) Individuals (arrows) in Tachyphonus coronatus remains, scale bar = 10 mm, B) An individual making a ball with rattlesnake remains, scale bar = 5 mm; note the avoidance of ribs (arrows), C) Rolling positions of male (lower beetle) and female (upper beetle), scale bar = 5 mm, D) Male in headstand position with the hind legs (arrows) extended in the air, scale bar = 5 mm, E) Nesting chamber that contains five brood balls and a female, scale bar = 5 mm, F) Nesting chamber that contains a rolled ball and an incomplete brood ball (arrow), scale bar = 5 mm.

opennotspecifiedJun 2013View details →

Fig. 1 in Nesting Behavior ofOnthophagus incensusSay, 1835 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)

Fig. 1. Six different arrangements of brood masses and gallery types built by Onthophagus incensus during the nesting period: pg = primary gallery; sg = secondary gallery.

opennotspecifiedJun 2013View details →

Fig. 2 in Nesting Behavior ofOnthophagus incensusSay, 1835 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)

Fig. 2. Six unusual forms of brood masses containing more than one egg observed in Onthophagus incensus under laboratory conditions. Arrow indicates an egg.

Fig. 3 in Plasticity in the Nesting Behavior of Ontherus sulcator (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)

Fig. 3. Schematic drawings of Ontherus sulcator nests. A) Brood ball within a nesting chamber, 14 cm deep in the soil, and a short nearby storage burrow not connected to the soil surface or to the nesting chamber, B) Brood ball within a nesting chamber, 12 cm deep in the soil, and a long nearby storage burrow not connected to the soil surface or to the nesting chamber. Scale bars = 1.5 cm.

Fig. 2 in Plasticity in the Nesting Behavior of Ontherus sulcator (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)

Fig. 2. Brood balls of Ontherus sulcator. A) Brood ball with dome-shaped protrusion, B) Typical brood ball with flattened, T-shaped protrusion, C) Brood ball with dome-shaped protrusion, D) Typical brood ball with flattened, T-shaped protrusion, E) Longitudinal section of brood ball showing the egg chamber, dung provision, and external wall, F) Egg inside egg chamber. Scale bars A–E = 1.0 cm; scale bar F = 0.5 cm.

Fig. 1 in Plasticity in the Nesting Behavior of Ontherus sulcator (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)

Fig. 1. Different shapes of dung storage burrows of Ontherus sulcator. A) Vertical, oblique at the bottom, and completely filled with dung, B) Vertical with dung only in the distal chamber, C) Oblique at the bottom with dung only in the distal chamber, D) Vertical and filled with dung along its entire length. Scale bars = 2.0 cm.

Fig. 4 in Plasticity in the Nesting Behavior of Ontherus sulcator (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)

Fig. 4. Cylindrical brood masses of Ontherus sulcator. A) and B) External view of the two recorded brood masses; note the external cover of soil attached to the brood mass, C) Longitudinal section of a brood mass showing the egg inside the egg chamber and the external soil cover. Scale bars = 1.0 cm.

Figure 6 in Nesting behavior of the Chestnut-crowned Gnateater (Conopophaga castaneiceps)

Figure 6. Relationship between two egg dimensions (length and width) for seven species of Conopophaga. Conopophaga castaneiceps (this study), C. ardesiaca (Greeney 2018, p. 132, Londoño pers. comm.), C. melanops (von Ihering 1900; Alves et al. 2002; Sánchez and Aponte 2006; Studer et al. 2019), C. aurita (Whitney 2003), C. peruviana (Greeney 2018, p. 95), C. roberti (Peixoto Velho 1932) and C. lineata (Straube 1989; Alves et al. 2002; Sánchez and Aponte 2006; Bodrati and Di Sallo 2020). From Pearson correlation test, R = 0.36 and P =.024.

Figure 4 in Nesting behavior of the Chestnut-crowned Gnateater (Conopophaga castaneiceps)

Figure 4. Sleeping behaviour exhibited by female on the nest during the nocturnal brooding. Photo sequence in four steps (taken on 2014 nest).

Figure 2 in Nesting behavior of the Chestnut-crowned Gnateater (Conopophaga castaneiceps)

Figure 2. Nestling development in C. castaneiceps throughout the 15-day nestling period. (a) Two dayold naked nestling. (b) Four-day-old nestlings with pinfeathers emerging on wings, back and flanks. (c) Seven-day-old nestlings with black bill, grey pin feathers emerging on all tracts, and pinfeathers on the flanks and wing coverts showing orange wing-bars. (d) Ten-day-old nestling, with orange feathers emerging on the head, nape, wing covers, belly and neck, and black feathers beginning to emerge on the wings.

Figure 5 in Nesting behavior of the Chestnut-crowned Gnateater (Conopophaga castaneiceps)

Figure 5. Phylogenetic mapping of the egg colouration and shape among Conopophaga species; we used Grallaricula ferrugineipectus as the outgroup. This phylogeny was obtained from 8000 trees extracted from the BirdTree database (http://birdtree.org; Jetz et al. 2012). Summarised by computing a 50% majority-rule consensus tree using the phytools package (Revell 2012). Egg illustrations done with watercolours by Lizarazo, where egg shape and measurements are 1:1 from the bibliographic record as well the descriptions, photos and data taken from our study and other references (von Ihering 1900; Peixoto Velho 1932; Straube 1989; Alves et al. 2002; Whitney 2003; Sánchez and Aponte 2006; Niklison et al. 2008; Greeney 2018; Studer et al. 2019; Bodrati and Di Sallo 2020; Londoño pers. comm.).

Figure 3 in Nesting behavior of the Chestnut-crowned Gnateater (Conopophaga castaneiceps)

Figure 3. Morphological development in two C. castaneiceps nestlings during 12 days. Solid lines are the model estimated for each growth rate. (a) Tarsus (light grey) and wing (dark grey) growth lines; different symbols represent data for both. (b) Mass as a solid black line. From the logistic regression model, the mass gain through the nestling period (A or the asymptote) is 20.7 g, the growth constant is 0.4 (K), and the inflection point on the x-axis (Ti) is 6.8 g. Fledgling illustration done with watercolours by Lizarazo.

opennotspecifiedJun 2019View details →

FIG. 2 in An Ethogram Describing the Nesting Behavior of Green Sea Turtles (Chelonia mŋdas)

FIG. 2.—Schematic representation of the relationships between different nesting stages of Green Sea Turtles (Chelonia mŋdas). Solid lines indicate progression leading to a successful nesting attempt. Dashed lines represent variations that might result in abandoned nesting attempts prior to oviposition. Action patterns within each nesting stage are designated as follows: SQC ¼ simultaneous quadrupedal crawl; RFFSW ¼ rear flipper flick sweep; RFSW ¼ rear flipper sweep; FFSW ¼ front flipper sweep; RFFSC ¼ rear flipper flick scoop; RFK ¼ rear flipper knead.