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FIGURE 9 in Occurrence, Population Dynamics And Winter Phenology Of Spider Mites And Their Phytoseiid Predators In A Citrus Orchard In Syria

FIGURE 9: Mean densities of phytoseiid dominant species per trap (± SE) attached to citrus twigs in the orchard studied in Latakia province, Syria, from the beginning of November 2013 to the beginning of May 2014.

FIGURE 8 in Occurrence, Population Dynamics And Winter Phenology Of Spider Mites And Their Phytoseiid Predators In A Citrus Orchard In Syria

FIGURE 8: Mean densities of Phytoseiidae per trap (± SE) attached to citrus twigs in the orchard studied in Latakia province, Syria, from the beginning of November 2013 to the beginning of May 2014.

FIGURE 7 in Occurrence, Population Dynamics And Winter Phenology Of Spider Mites And Their Phytoseiid Predators In A Citrus Orchard In Syria

FIGURE 7: Relative abundance of phytoseiid mite species in Phyto traps attached to citrus twigs in the orchard studied in Latakia province, Syria, from November 2013 to May 2014.

FIGURE 6 in Occurrence, Population Dynamics And Winter Phenology Of Spider Mites And Their Phytoseiid Predators In A Citrus Orchard In Syria

FIGURE 6: Percentage of Phyto traps attached to citrus twigs occupied by different number of phytoseiid individuals from November 2013 to May 2014.

FIGURE 3 in Occurrence, Population Dynamics And Winter Phenology Of Spider Mites And Their Phytoseiid Predators In A Citrus Orchard In Syria

FIGURE 3: Relative abundance of phytoseiid mite species on citrus leaves in the orchard studied in Latakia province, Syria, from mid- August 2013 to the beginning of June 2014.

FIGURE 5 in Occurrence, Population Dynamics And Winter Phenology Of Spider Mites And Their Phytoseiid Predators In A Citrus Orchard In Syria

FIGURE 5: Mean densities of phytoseiid dominant species per citrus leaf (± SE) in the orchard studied in Latakia province, Syria, from mid-August 2013 to the beginning of June 2014.

FIGURE 1 in Occurrence, Population Dynamics And Winter Phenology Of Spider Mites And Their Phytoseiid Predators In A Citrus Orchard In Syria

FIGURE 1: A Phyto trap attached to a twig of citrus tree in the orchard studied in Latakia province, Syria, on October 2013.

FIGURE 4 in Occurrence, Population Dynamics And Winter Phenology Of Spider Mites And Their Phytoseiid Predators In A Citrus Orchard In Syria

FIGURE 4: Relationships between mean densities of Phytoseiidae (all species), E. stipulatus and A. andersoni and mean photophase (a, b, d, respectively); mean densities of A. andersoni and temperature (c).

FIGURE 2 in Occurrence, Population Dynamics And Winter Phenology Of Spider Mites And Their Phytoseiid Predators In A Citrus Orchard In Syria

FIGURE 2: Mean densities of Phytoseiidae and P. citri per citrus leaf (± SE) in the orchard studied in Latakia province, Syria, from

opencc-zeroOct 2021View details →

More intraguild prey than pest species in arachnid diets may compromise biological control in apple orchards

Understanding the full diet of natural enemies is necessary for evaluating their role as biocontrol agents, because many enemy species do not only feed on pests but also on other natural enemies. Such intraguild predation can compromise pest control if the consumed enemies are actually better for pest control than their predators. In this study, we used gut metabarcoding to quantify diets of all common arachnid species in Swedish and Spanish apple orchards. For this purpose, we designed new primers that reduce amplification of arachnid predators while retaining high amplification of all prey group. Results suggest that most arachnids consume a large range of putative pest species on apple but also a high proportion of other natural enemies, where the latter constitute almost a third of all prey sequences. Intraguild predation also varied between regions, with a larger content of heteropteran bugs in arachnid guts from Spanish orchards. There was also a tendency for cursorial spiders to have more intraguild prey in the gut than web spiders. Two groups that may be overlooked as important biocontrol agents in apple orchards seem to be theridiid web spiders and opilionids, where the latter had several small-bodied pest species in the gut. These results thus provide important guidance for what arachnid groups that should be targets of management actions, even though additional information is needed to quantify all direct and indirect interactions occurring in the complex arthropod food webs in fruit orchards.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2022View details →

Apple orchard production estimation using deep learning strategies: a comparison of tracking-by-detection algorithms - CaseStudy

The dataset "Case Study" consists of image sequences (videos) for apple detection and tracking and its corresponding ground truth. The ground truth is presented in MOT format. This dataset is part of the paper: Villacrés, J., Viscaino, M., Delpiano, J., Vougioukas, S. & Cheein, F. A. (2022). Apple orchard production estimation using deep learning strategies: a comparison of tracking-by-detection algorithms. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture. The article is currently accepted. For a better reference format, please refer to the journal's official website. If you have used the material presented in this data set, please cite the previous article. For more information regarding the dataset, please refer to the paper mentioned below.

opencc-zeroDec 2022View details →

Early spring orchard pollinators spill over from resource-rich adjacent forest patches

Pollinator communities are more abundant and diverse in agricultural matrices with more natural habitats, although the reasons for these correlations remain unclear. It is possible that forest fragments and edges provide resources for pollinators in the important early weeks of spring, after which time those insects can then "spill over" into crops such as apple orchards during bloom. To explore how forest edges may feed and therefore promote flower visitor communities in adjacent agricultural habitats, we sampled springtime pollinators in nine orchards and their adjacent forest edge canopies and understories. We identified pollen consumed by pan-trapped bees and flower flies to assess if bees ate pollen where they were caught and if their diets similarly "spill over" from forest to orchard. We further explored sex differences in habitat usage. Our spatially replicated sampling found that bee and flower fly abundance peaks first in the forest understory, then in the forest canopy, and finally in the orchard. Analysis of digestive tracts showed significant usage of forest canopy pollen throughout the spring, especially before apple bloom. Pollinators had often eaten pollen from a different habitat than the one in which they were caught, suggesting frequent movement between habitats. Digestive tract pollen is an underused but powerful avenue for ecological insight. In Andrena, which are important orchard pollinators and one of the most abundant wild bee taxa in this study, male bees were primarily found in the woods but not the orchards where conspecific females were later active. Synthesis and policy implications: Forested areas, especially forest canopy trees, provide large amounts of early spring resources that facilitate the build-up and spillover of wild pollinator populations into apple orchards during bloom. Forests also provide critical habitats for male bees, which were rarely found in orchards. Despite their importance for bee reproduction, the needs of male bees are usually not considered in conservation planning. Overall, our data indicate that ensuring there is adequate forest habitat adjacent to orchards can improve the long-term sustainability of pollinator populations that provide essential crop pollination services.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2023View details →

Insect visits to cherry blossoms and wildflowers in sweet cherry orchards: datasets and R scripts

This repository contains a number of datasets, all collected in commercial sweet cherry orchards in the West Midlands, UK between 2017-2019. Alleyways in these orchards were sown with native perennial plant species. Datasets include: - cherry blossom and wildflower visitors recorded on pollinator transect surveys. - fruit set and quality (in 2019) from cherry blossoms which were either exposed to insects, insect-excluded, or hand-pollinated. Additionally, all the scripts to analyse these datasets using the software R are also included.

opencc-zeroAug 2023View details →

Data from: Global taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity of bees in apple orchards

An essential prerequisite to safeguard pollinator species is characterisation of the multifaceted diversity of crop pollinators and identification of the drivers of pollinator community changes across biogeographical gradients. The extent to which intensive agriculture is associated with the homogenisation of biological communities at large spatial scales remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated diversity drivers for 644 bee species/morphospecies in 177 commercial apple orchards across 33 countries and four global biogeographical biomes. Our findings reveal significant taxonomic dissimilarity among biogeographical zones. Interestingly, despite this dissimilarity, species from different zones share similar higher-level phylogenetic groups and similar ecological and behavioural traits (i.e. functional traits), likely due to habitat filtering caused by perennial monoculture systems managed intensively for crop production. Honey bee species dominated orchard communities, while other managed/manageable and wild species were collected in lower numbers. Moreover, the presence of herbaceous, uncultivated open areas and organic management practices were associated with increased wild bee diversity. Overall, our study sheds light on the importance of large-scale analyses contributing to the emerging fields of functional and phylogenetic diversity, which can be related to ecosystem function to promote biodiversity as a key asset in agroecosystems in the face of global change pressures.

opencc-zeroOct 2023View details →

Data for: A small survey of introduced African fig fly (Zaprionus indianus) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in orchards of the eastern United States

The African fig fly, Zaprionus indianus (Gupta), is a generalist fruit fly that typically breeds in decaying fruits from over 70 plant species. The species has spread globally from its native range in tropical Africa, becoming an invasive pest on ripening figs in Brazil. First reported in the United States in 2005 in Florida, Z. indianus has since been documented as far north as Canada and is hypothesized to recolonize northwards from southern refugia each year. We sampled drosophilid communities over the growing season at two orchards in Virginia from 2020-2022 and 11 orchards along the East Coast during the fall of 2022 to quantify abundance of Z. indianus relative to other drosophilids across locations, seasons, and fruit crops. Massachusetts was the northernmost population, with no Z. indianus detected in Maine and no correlation between latitude and relative abundance. Variation in Z. indianus relative abundance was high between nearby orchards and abundance was higher on peaches relative to apples within orchards. Comparisons of seasonal abundance curves between two Virginia orchards showed similar dynamics across years with individuals first detected around July and becoming absent around December, with peaks in late summer and mid fall. The variation in seasonal and latitudinal abundance shown here highlight a need for broader sampling to accurately characterize the range, spread, and environmental tolerances of Z. indianus in North America.