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opencc-zeroOct 2021View details →

Herbivore grazing mitigates the negative effects of nitrogen deposition on soil organic carbon in low-diversity grassland

1. Changes in soil carbon (C) sequestration in grassland ecosystems have important impacts on the global C cycle. As such, it is important that researchers better understand the underlying mechanisms affecting soil C. Increasing evidence has shown that atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition can cause dramatic changes in grassland soil C. It remains unclear whether herbivore grazing, a primary means to manage and utilize grassland resources, can regulate the effects of N deposition on soil C, and whether these effects are dependent on plant community diversity. 2. Here, we examined the joint effects of herbivore grazing and N-addition on soil organic C (SOC) stocks in two types of communities with low and high plant diversity, respectively. 3. Our results showed that the effects of N-addition and its combination with herbivore grazing on grassland SOC were inconsistent in the two types of communities. In the low-diversity community, N-addition greatly decreased SOC stocks, while grazing significantly increased it. Additionally, the grazing-induced increase in soil C stocks in presence of N-addition was so great that it completely counteracted the significant decline in SOC induced by N-addition. However, in the high-diversity community, we observed no effects of N-addition on SOC and grazing increased SOC only in the absence of N-addition and had no significant effect in presence of N-addition. 4. Synthesis and applications. Our study suggests that increased N deposition can trigger a remarkable reduction in soil C sequestration in grasslands with low plant diversity, but that herbivore grazing can offset this decline, which may help to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions caused by atmospheric N deposition. As a result, we suggest that moderate herbivore grazing should be considered as an effective grassland management measure for maintaining and improving grassland soil C sequestration as the increasing global change such as elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide, N deposition, and biodiversity losses threat.

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Figure 3 in Relative uptake of organic and inorganic nitrogen by common weed species

Figure 3. Whole-plant recovery of 15N by each species expressed as a percentage of the total 15N applied. Values are means ± 1 SE (n = 5). Within a nitrogen (N) treatment, bars sharing the same letter are not significantly different (Tukey honest significant difference [HSD] test, α = 0.05). See Table 1 for list of full species names.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2023View details →

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Supplementary material 1 from: Balestrini R, Delconte C, Buffagni A, Fumagalli A, Freppaz M, Calvo E, Buzzetti I (2019) Dynamic of nitrogen and dissolved organic carbon in an alpine forested catchment: atmospheric deposition and soil solution trends. In: Mazzocchi MG, Capotondi L, Freppaz M, Lugliè A, Campanaro A (Eds) Italian Long-Term Ecological Research for understanding ecosystem diversity and functioning. Case studies from aquatic, terrestrial and transitional domains. Nature Conservation 34: 41-66. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.34.30738

: Data type: statistical data

opencc-zeroMay 2019View details →

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Climate and geology overwrite land use effects on soil organic nitrogen cycling on a continental scale

Abstract. Soil fertility and plant productivity are globally constrained by N availability. Proteins are the largest N reservoir in soils and the cleavage of proteins into small peptides and amino acids has been shown to be the rate limiting step in the terrestrial N cycle. However, we are still lacking a profound understanding of the environmental controls of this process. Here we show that integrated effects of climate and soil geochemistry drive protein cleavage across large scales. We measured gross protein depolymerization rates in mineral and organic soils sampled across a 4000-km-long European transect covering a wide range of climates, geologies and land uses. Based on structural equation models we identified that soil organic N cycling was strongly controlled by substrate availability, e.g. by soil protein content. Soil geochemistry was a secondary predictor, by controlling protein stabilization mechanisms and protein availability. Precipitation was identified as the main climatic control on protein depolymerization, by affecting soil weathering and soil organic matter accumulation. In contrast, land use was a poor predictor of protein depolymerization. Our results highlight the need to consider geology and precipitation effects on soil geochemistry when estimating and predicting soil N cycling at large scales.

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2022View details →

publicFeb 2016View details →

Data from: Nitrogen loads influence trophic organization of estuarine fish assemblages

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publicMay 2021View details →

Isotopic data from: Coupled shifts in ectomycorrhizal communities and plant uptake of organic nitrogen along a soil gradient: an isotopic perspective

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publicOct 2019View details →

Data from: Direct and indirect effects of nitrogen enrichment on soil organisms and carbon and nitrogen mineralization in a semi‐arid grassland

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publicDec 2017View details →

Data from: Organization of biogeochemical nitrogen pathways with switch-like adjustment in fluctuating soil redox conditions

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publicJan 2016View details →

Trophic complexity in aqueous systems: bacterial species richness and protistan predation regulate dissolved organic carbon and dissolved total nitrogen removal

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publicOct 2021View details →

Herbivore grazing mitigates the negative effects of nitrogen deposition on soil organic carbon in low-diversity grassland

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Global Organic Soil Carbon and Nitrogen (Zinke et al.)

This package contains worldwide soil carbon and nitrogen data for more than 3,500 soil profiles. The database was begun about 40 years ago with the collection and analyses by Zinke of soil samples from California. Additional data came from soil surveys of California, Italy and Greece, Iran, Thailand, Vietnam, various tropical Amazonian areas, U.S. forest soils,and from the soil survey literature. The main samples for laboratory analyses were collected at uniform soil depth increments and included bulk density determinations, but samples reported in the literature did not always have this uniformity. For the latter group of samples, only profiles that were samples to a meter depth or to actual depth were used; if bulk densities were not reported, then estimates were made from regressions based on organic carbon content of the soil samples associated with the profile. Methods used for analytical carbon determinations were dry combustion, 'wet combustion', or loss on ignition with adjustments made to the values obtained with the last two methods. Nitrogen was determined by the Kjeldahl method on the soil fine earth fraction and reported as total organic nitrogen. The data can be used to estimate the size of the soil's organic carbon and nitrogen pools at equilibrium with natural soil-forming factors. Most of the data are from profiles associated with natural vegetation so they constitute a baseline for evaluation of the effects that disturbance or modification to natural vegetation has on soil carbon equilibrium at either a global or regional scale. The data can also be used for understanding the range and viability of soil carbon and nitrogen pools for specific ecosystems or climatic regimes.

LBA-ECO CD-02 Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen Stable Isotopes in Organic Material, Brazil

This data set reports the measurement of stable carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen isotope ratios in organic material (plant, litter and soil samples) in forest canopy profiles and pasture (grasses and shrubs) as well as corresponding carbon and nitrogen tissue concentrations in a number of different sites across Brazil. The sampling design captured the temporal variation in rainfall over the course of several years. Carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios can act as a proxy for interpreting aspects of the carbon and nitrogen cycles in Amazonian rainforests. Data are in three comma-delimited ASCII files.

LBA Regional Organic Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Data (Zinke et al.)

The data set contains a subset of a global organic soil carbon and nitrogen data set (Zinke et al. 1986). The subset was created for the study area of the Large Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia (LBA) in South America (i.e., 10 N to 25 S, 30 to 85 W). The point data are available in three formats: a comma-delimited ASCII file (*.csv), an ESRI shapefile, and an ESRI export file (*.e00).The data for the global data set (Zinke et al. 1986) were obtained from soil surveys conducted by Zinke in 1965-1984 and from soil survey literature. The main samples for laboratory analyses were collected at uniform soil increments and included bulk density determinations. Many samples reported in the literature did not have uniform soil increments or bulk density determinations. Only soil profiles that had been sampled either to a meter in depth or to actual depth were included in this database from soil survey literature. When carbon content was known but bulk densities were absent from soil samples reported in the literature, densities were estimated by regression analysis on the basis of the relationship between organic carbon content and measured bulk density in 1800 soil profiles for which bulk densities were known.Further information can be found at ftp://daac.ornl.gov/data/lba/carbon_dynamics/Zinke_soil/comp/zinke_readme.pdf.LBA was a cooperative international research initiative led by Brazil. NASA was a lead sponsor for several experiments. LBA was designed to create the new knowledge needed to understand the climatological, ecological, biogeochemical, and hydrological functioning of Amazonia; the impact of land use change on these functions; and the interactions between Amazonia and the Earth system. More information about LBA can be found at http://www.daac.ornl.gov/LBA/misc_amazon.html.

SAFARI 2000 Organic Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Data (Zinke et al.)

The data set contains a subset of the Worldwide Organic Soil Carbon and Nitrogen (Zinke et al. 1986) data set for southern Africa. The data were obtained from soil surveys by Zinke and soil survey literature. The main samples for laboratory analyses were collected at uniform soil increments and included bulk density determinations. Many samples reported in the literature did not have uniform soil increments or bulk density determinations. Only soil profiles that had been sampled either to a meter in depth or to actual depth were included in this data base from soil survey literature. In literature where bulk densities were absent, densities were estimated by regressions based on organic carbon content of the soil samples associated with the profile using 1800 soil profiles for which bulk densities were known. More information can be found at: ftp://daac.ornl.gov/data/safari2k/soils/Zinke_soil/comp/zinke_readme.pdf.