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FIGURE 10 in Head and otolith morphology of the genera Hymenocephalus, Hymenogadus and Spicomacrurus (Macrouridae), with the description of three new species

FIGURE 10. Hymenocephalus iwamotoi: A—Holotype, WAM P.25401-003, TL 86+ mm (photo M. Krag). B—Paratype, WAM 25401-020, TL 90+ mm, head close-up (photo M. Krag).

FIGURE 1. D in Head and otolith morphology of the genera Hymenocephalus, Hymenogadus and Spicomacrurus (Macrouridae), with the description of three new species

FIGURE 1. D—Neuromasts in head canals in oblique dorso-lateral view. E—Neuromasts in head canals in oblique lateral view. F—Neuromasts in head canals in oblique ventro-lateral view.

FIGURE 4 in Head and otolith morphology of the genera Hymenocephalus, Hymenogadus and Spicomacrurus (Macrouridae), with the description of three new species

FIGURE 4. Otoliths of the species of Spicomacrurus: A–B—Spicomacrurus adelscotti, WAM P.28073-004, A—Inner face, B—Ventral view. C–D—Spicomacrurus mccoskeri, MNHN 1994-0881, C—Inner face, D—Ventral view. E–G—Spicomacrurus kuronumai, E–F—NSMT P46796, E—Inner face, F—Ventral view, G—NSMT P103488, inner face.

FIGURE 1 in Head and otolith morphology of the genera Hymenocephalus, Hymenogadus and Spicomacrurus (Macrouridae), with the description of three new species

FIGURE 1. Head morphology and sensory system of Hymenocephalus: A—Head morphology in lateral view. B—Head morphology in dorsal view. C—Head morphology in ventral view.

FIGURE 13 in Head and otolith morphology of the genera Hymenocephalus, Hymenogadus and Spicomacrurus (Macrouridae), with the description of three new species

FIGURE 13. Hymenocephalus aterrimus: A—USNM 216161, lateral view of head. B—USNM 51677, cotype, lateral view of head. C—USNM 216161, dorsal view of head. D–L—Otoliths, E, G–L—Inner faces, D—Anterior view, F—Ventral view, D–F—MNHN 1997-0670, G—USNM 405736, H—BSKU-ED915, I—MNHN 1994-0876/2, J—MCZ 51405/1, K—AMS I.30384-006, L—MNHN 1994-0872.

FIGURE 18 in Head and otolith morphology of the genera Hymenocephalus, Hymenogadus and Spicomacrurus (Macrouridae), with the description of three new species

FIGURE 18. Hymenocephalus lethonemus: A–B—BSKU 94418, A—Lateral view of head, B—Dorsal view of head. C–G—Otoliths, C–E—Inner faces, F—Ventral view, G—Anterior view, C—NSMT P 46740, D—NSMT P 93138, E–G—BSKU 109012.

FIGURE 19 in Head and otolith morphology of the genera Hymenocephalus, Hymenogadus and Spicomacrurus (Macrouridae), with the description of three new species

FIGURE 19. Hymenocephalus nascens: A–B—MNHN 1995-0873, A—Lateral view of head, B—Dorsal view of head. C—BSKU 098184, lateral view of head. D–E—WAM P.32344-001, D—Lateral view of head, E—Dorsal view of head. F—AMS I.17813-009, lateral view of head. G–M, O–P—Otoliths, G–I, L–M, P—Inner faces, J—Anterior view, K, O—Ventral views, G—WAM P.32344-001, H—BSKU 98184, I–K—BSKU 98187, L–M—USNM 99451, O–P—WAM P.31799-003. N—WAM P.31799-003, lateral view of head.

FIGURE 3 in Head and otolith morphology of the genera Hymenocephalus, Hymenogadus and Spicomacrurus (Macrouridae), with the description of three new species

FIGURE 3. Heads of the species of Spicomacrurus: A–B—Spicomacrurus dictyogadus, holotype, MNHN 2009-1455, redrawn from Iwamoto, Shao & Ho (2011), A—Lateral view, B—Dorsal view. C–D—Spicomacrurus adelscotti, WAM P.28073-004, C—Lateral view, D—Dorsal view. E–F—Spicomacrurus kuronumai, E—Lateral view, NSMT P46796, F—Dorsal view, NSMT P103488. G–H—Spicomacrurus mccoskeri, MNHN 1994-0881, G—Lateral view, H—Dorsal view.

Figure 8 in Otolith characteristics of species, subspecies, and populations of Aphanius Nardo, 1827 (Teleostei, Cyprinodontiformes) from Anatolia (Turkey)

Figure 8. Zoogeographic map (after Wildekamp 1993, modified). Identical symbols indicate similar otolith morphologies. Aphanius anatoliae is represented by circles, A. asquamatus by a star, A. danfordii by crosses, and A. villwocki by squares.

Figure 2 in Otolith characteristics of species, subspecies, and populations of Aphanius Nardo, 1827 (Teleostei, Cyprinodontiformes) from Anatolia (Turkey)

Figure 2. Photographs of males (left) and females (right) of Aphanius anatoliae anatoliae (1–8) and A. anatoliae splendens (9, 10).

Figure 3 in Otolith characteristics of species, subspecies, and populations of Aphanius Nardo, 1827 (Teleostei, Cyprinodontiformes) from Anatolia (Turkey)

Figure 3. Left sagittae of Aphanius anatoliae anatoliae of south-west Anatolia (Lake District), except (k) right sagitta, mirrored. Localities: Yeşilova/Lake Salda (a–f), Doğanbaba/Lake Salda (g–j), Düğer (k–m), Lake Avlan (n–u), Işıklı dam (v, w). (a–h, k, n–r) Females; (i, j, l, m, s–w) males.

Figure 4 in Otolith characteristics of species, subspecies, and populations of Aphanius Nardo, 1827 (Teleostei, Cyprinodontiformes) from Anatolia (Turkey)

Figure 4. Left sagittae of Aphanius anatoliae anatoliae of south-west (Lake District) (a–g) and western central Anatolia (h–t), except (a) right sagitta, mirrored. Localities: Kovada Canal (a, b), Lake Eğirdir/Barla (c, d), Lake Eğirdir/Eğirdir (e–g), Eflatunpınarı/Beyşehir (h–m), İnsuyu/Cihanbeyli (n), and Akkaya/Niğde (o–t). (a, c, e, f, h–j, o–q) Females; (b, d, g, k–n, r–t) males.

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Fig. 3 in Bilateral Asymmetry In Asterisci Otoliths Of Cyprinion Kais And C. Macrostomum (Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae) Collected From Tigris River, Şirnak Region, Türkiye

Fig. 3. Asteriscus otolith of A, Cyprinion kais, 179 mm TL; B, C. macrostomum, 190 mm TL. OL = otolith; OW = otolith width.

Figure 7 in Before the freeze: otoliths from the Eocene of Seymour Island, Antarctica, reveal dominance of gadiform fishes (Teleostei)

Figure 7. Fossil otolith record in Antarctica, Australia, New Zealand and the North Sea Basin and distribution and estimated abundance of gadiform otoliths (number of species, recognized or inferred, not shown). Ranicipitidae shown in family ranking following Nelson (1994); other families following Nelson (2006). Data compiled and altered from Nolf (2013), Schwarzhans (1980, 1985, 1994, 2003) and Stinton (1965, 1966).

Figure 6. Eocene otoliths from Seymour Island. A in Before the freeze: otoliths from the Eocene of Seymour Island, Antarctica, reveal dominance of gadiform fishes (Teleostei)

Figure 6. Eocene otoliths from Seymour Island. A, Argentina antarctica sp. nov., holotype, NRM-PZ P.15964, mirror imaged, inner face. B, C, Diaphus? marambionis sp. nov., holotype, NRM-PZ P.15966; B, inner face; C, ventral view. D—F, Macruronus eastmani sp. nov., holotype, NRM-PZ P.15970, mirror imaged; D, inner face; E, ventral view; F, outer face. G—I, Palimphemus seymourensis sp. nov., holotype, NRM-PZ P.15973, mirror imaged; G, inner face; H, ventral view; I, outer face. J—L, Coelorinchus nordenskjoeldi sp. nov., holotype, NRM-PZ P.15978; J, inner face; K, ventral view; L, outer face. M, N, Coelorinchus balushkini sp. nov., holotype, NRM-PZ P.15976; M, inner face; N, ventral view. O, P, Hoplobrotula? antipoda sp. nov., holotype, NRM-PZ P.15984, mirror imaged; O, inner face; P, ventral view. Q, Notoberyx cionei gen. nov., sp. nov.; holotype, NRM-PZ P.15987, inner face. R, Cepola anderssoni sp. nov., holotype, NRM-PZ P.15996, mirror imaged, inner face.

Figure 5 in Before the freeze: otoliths from the Eocene of Seymour Island, Antarctica, reveal dominance of gadiform fishes (Teleostei)

Figure 5. Drawings of Eocene otoliths from Seymour Island. A—C, Hoplobrotula? antipoda sp. nov.; A, B, holotype, NRM-PZ P.15984, mirror imaged; A, inner face; B, ventral view; C, paratype, NRM-PZ P.15985, inner face. D—G, Notoberyx cionei gen. nov., sp. nov.; D—F, holotype, NRM-PZ P.15987; D, anterior view; E, inner face; F, ventral view; G, paratype, NRM-PZ P.15988, inner face. H, Centroberyx sp., NRM-PZ P.15986, mirror imaged, inner face. I, J, Acanthopterygii indet., NRM-PZ P.15990, mirror imaged; I, inner face, J, ventral view. K, L, Percoidei indet., NRM-PZ P.15992, mirror imaged; K, inner face; L, ventral view. M, N, Haemulidae? indet., NRM-PZ P.15993, mirror imaged; M, inner face; N, ventral view. O, P, Sparidae? indet., NRM-PZ P.15994, mirror imaged; O, inner face; P, ventral view. Q, R, Cepola anderssoni sp. nov., holotype, NRM-PZ P.15996, mirror imaged; Q, inner face; R, ventral view.

Figure 4 in Before the freeze: otoliths from the Eocene of Seymour Island, Antarctica, reveal dominance of gadiform fishes (Teleostei)

Figure 4. Drawings of Eocene otoliths from Seymour Island. A, B, Tripterophycis immutatus Schwarzhans, 1980, NRM-PZ P.15969, mirror imaged; A, inner face; B, dorsal view. C—F, Macruronus eastmani sp. nov.; C—E, holotype, NRM-PZ P.15970, mirror imaged; C, inner face; D, outer face; E, ventral view; F, paratype, NRM-PZ P.15971, inner face. G—M, Palimphemus seymourensis sp. nov.; G—I, holotype, NRM-PZ P.15973, mirror imaged; G, inner face; H, ventral view; I, outer face; J, paratype, NRM-PZ P.15975, mirror imaged, inner face; K—M, paratypes, NRM-PZ P.15974; K, inner face, mirror imaged; L, ventral view; M, inner face. N—R, Coelorinchus nordenskjoeldi sp. nov.; N—P, holotype, NRM-PZ P.15978; N, inner face; O, ventral view; P, outer face; Q, R, paratype, NRM-PZ P.15979, mirror imaged; Q, inner face; R, ventral view. S—U, Coelorinchus balushkini sp. nov., holotype, NRM-PZ P.15976; S, inner face; T, ventral view; U, outer face. V, W, Coelorinchus sp., NRM-PZ P.15911; V, inner face (strongly eroded); W, ventral view.

Figure 3 in Before the freeze: otoliths from the Eocene of Seymour Island, Antarctica, reveal dominance of gadiform fishes (Teleostei)

Figure 3. Drawings of Eocene otoliths from Seymour Island. A—C, Argentina antarctica sp. nov., holotype, NRM-PZ P.15964, mirror imaged; A, outer face; B, ventral view; C, inner face. D—I, Diaphus? marambionis sp. nov.; D—F, holotype, NRM-PZ P.15966; D, anterior view, E, inner face, F, ventral view; G—I, (mirror imaged) paratypes, NRM-PZ P.15967; G, inner face; H, ventral view; I, inner face. J, K, Paraulopus sp., NRM-PZ P.15965, mirror imaged; J, inner face; K, ventral view.

Figure 2. Location photographs. A in Before the freeze: otoliths from the Eocene of Seymour Island, Antarctica, reveal dominance of gadiform fishes (Teleostei)

Figure 2. Location photographs. A, aerial view of IAA 1/90, 'Ungulate site', 64Ǫ14,04.67ĮĮS,56Ǫ 39,56.38ĮĮ W, marked by asterisk; B, panoramic view of site IAA 1/90 with 'Natica horizon' marked by asterisks; C, Argentine-Swedish field party collecting fossils at IAA 2/95, 'Marsupial site', 64Ǫ13,58ĮĮS,56Ǫ39,06ĮĮ W); D, panoramic view of site IAA 2/95 with Cockburn Island in background; E, 'Natica horizon' near site IAA 2/95 showing lens-like character of the beds. Photographs by F. Degrange (A, D), T. Mors (B) and J. Hagstrom (C, E).

Figure 1. Location and stratigraphy. A in Before the freeze: otoliths from the Eocene of Seymour Island, Antarctica, reveal dominance of gadiform fishes (Teleostei)

Figure 1. Location and stratigraphy. A, map of Antarctica showing the position of the Antarctic Peninsula; B, map of the Antarctic Peninsula showing Seymour Island; C, geological map of Seymour Island showing the outcrop of Telm 4-5 and localities IAA 1/90 and 2/ 95; D, composite measured section through the La Meseta Formation showing the stratigraphical position of the sampled 'Natica horizon' (IAA 1/90 and 2/95). Modified from Reguero et al. (2013). Strontium date values from Dutton et al. (2002), Ivany et al. (2008), Dingle & Lavelle (1998) and Reguero et al. (2002).