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297 results for “pearls”
Data from: Glutaredoxin regulation of primary root growth confers early drought stress tolerance in pearl millet
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Data from: Transcriptome and exosome proteome analyses provide insights into the mantle exosome involved in nacre color formation of pearl oyster Pinctada fucata martensii
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Data from: A parallel population genomic and hydrodynamic approach to fishery management of highly-dispersive marine invertebrates: the case of the Fijian black-lip pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera
Fishery management and conservation of marine species increasingly relies on genetic data to delineate biologically relevant stock boundaries. Unfortunately for high gene flow species which may display low, but statistically significant population structure, there is no clear consensus on the level of differentiation required to resolve distinct stocks. The use of fine-scale neutral and adaptive variation, considered together with environmental data can offer additional insights to this problem. Genome-wide genetic data (4,123 SNPs), together with an independent hydrodynamic particle dispersal model were used to inform farm and fishery management in the Fijian black-lip pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera, where comprehensive fishery management is lacking, and the sustainability of exploitation uncertain. Weak fine-scale patterns of population structure were detected, indicative of broad-scale panmixia among wild oysters, while a hatchery-sourced farmed population exhibited a higher degree of genetic divergence (Fst = 0.0850–0.102). This hatchery-produced population had also experienced a bottleneck (NeLD = 5.1; 95% C.I. = [5.1–5.3]); compared to infinite NeLD estimates for all wild oysters. Simulation of larval transport pathways confirmed the existence of broad-scale mixture by surface ocean currents, correlating well with fine-scale patterns of population structuring. Fst outlier tests failed to detect large numbers of loci supportive of selection, with 2–5 directional outlier SNPs identified (average Fst = 0.116). The lack of biologically significant population genetic structure, absence of evidence for local adaptation and larval dispersal simulation, all indicate the existence of a single genetic stock of P. margaritifera in the Fiji Islands. This approach using independent genomic and oceanographic tools has allowed fundamental insights into stock structure in this species, with transferability to other highly-dispersive marine taxa for their conservation and management.
Data from: Crossing phenotype heritability and candidate gene expression in grafted black-lipped pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera, an animal chimera
Grafting mantle tissue of a donor pearl oyster into the gonad of a recipient oyster results in the formation of a chimera, the pearl sac. The phenotypic variations of this chimera are hypothesized to be the result of interactions between the donor and recipient genomes. In this study, the heritability of phenotypic variation and its association with gene expression were investigated for the first time during P. margaritifera pearl production. Genetic variance was evaluated at different levels, 1) before the graft operation (expression in graft tissue), 2) after grafting (pearl sac tissue expression in chimera) and 3) on the product of the graft (pearl phenotype traits) based on controlled bi-parental crosses and the F1 generation. Donor related genetic parameter estimates clearly demonstrate heritability for nacre weight and thickness, darkness and colour, surface defects and grade, which signifies a genetic basis in the donor oyster. In graft relative gene expression, the value of heritability was superior to 0.20 in for almost all genes, while in pearl sac, heritability estimates were low (h² < 0.10) (except for CALC1 and Aspein). Pearl sac expression seems to be more influenced by residual variance than the graft, which can be explained by environmental effects that influence pearls sac gene expression and act as a recipient additive genetic component. The interactions between donor and recipient are very complex and further research is required to understand the role of the recipient oysters on pearl phenotypic and gene expression variances.
Data from: Translocation of wild populations: conservation implications for the genetic diversity of the black-lipped pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera
Translocation has been widely studied as a tool for conservation management to restore or enhance degraded populations. On the contrary few studies have been conducted on translocation for commercial purposes. In this study we evaluate the genetic consequences of translocation of wild individuals of Pinctada margaritifera on farmed and adjacent wild populations. We tested the hypotheses that translocations would induce high genetic heterogeneity in farmed populations and this heterogeneity would then leak into the adjacent wild populations. In fact, farmed samples exhibit high levels of heterogeneity and low pairwise relatedness compared to wild populations, highlighting the pooling of genetically divergent populations into farms. We also demonstrate that this heterogeneity is transmitted to adjacent wild populations as a result of interbreeding. Adjacent wild populations tend to have higher genetic diversity values and greater pairwise relatedness coefficient with farmed populations than wild populations. Overall pearl culture in French Polynesia promotes the mixing of unrelated individuals in farmed locations and reduces genetic divergence among geographically distant populations as well as among farmed and wild populations of a same lagoon. We also studied for the first time, a farmed population originating from spat collected in a lagoon where release of hatchery produced larvae occurred ten year ago and we were able to identify four distinct genetic groups. These groups contribute highly to reproduction and caused considerable genetic drift in the lagoon, suggesting that hatchery produced larvae are neither sustainable method for pearl culture nor for conserving the diversity of P. margaritifera in French Polynesia.
FIGURE 14 in Two new brackish-water species of Testudinella (Rotifera: Testudinellidae) from Qi'ao Island in the Pearl River estuary, China, with a key to marine and brackish-water Testudinella
FIGURE 14. Testudinella zhujiangensis, scanning electron microscope photograph of trophi. A. Detail of ramus, caudal view. B. Detail of rami, frontal view. al: alula, as: arched rami scleropili, fs: frontal rami scleropili, ra: ramus apophysis
FIGURE 4 in Two new brackish-water species of Testudinella (Rotifera: Testudinellidae) from Qi'ao Island in the Pearl River estuary, China, with a key to marine and brackish-water Testudinella
FIGURE 4. Testudinella pseudobscura sp. nov., scanning electron microscope photograph of trophi. Detail of major teeth and proximal part of fulcrum, frontal view. ba: basal apophysis, fo: fulcrum opening
FIGURE 11 in Two new brackish-water species of Testudinella (Rotifera: Testudinellidae) from Qi'ao Island in the Pearl River estuary, China, with a key to marine and brackish-water Testudinella
FIGURE 11. Testudinella quadrilobata sp. nov., scanning electron microscope photograph of trophi. Detail of major teeth and proximal part of fulcrum, frontal view. ba: basal apophysis, fo: fulcrum opening.
FIGURE 3 in Two new brackish-water species of Testudinella (Rotifera: Testudinellidae) from Qi'ao Island in the Pearl River estuary, China, with a key to marine and brackish-water Testudinella
FIGURE 3. Testudinella pseudobscura sp. nov., scanning electron microscope photographs of trophi. A. Complete set, frontal view. B. Complete set, caudal view. al: alula, as: arched rami scleropili, dc: dorsal chamber, f: fulcrum, m: manubrium, mc: median chamber, r: ramus, ra: ramus apophysis, rf: ramus fenestra, svc: sub-ventral chamber, u: uncus, vc: ventral chamber.
FIGURE 8 in Two new brackish-water species of Testudinella (Rotifera: Testudinellidae) from Qi'ao Island in the Pearl River estuary, China, with a key to marine and brackish-water Testudinella
FIGURE 8. First major uncus tooth length versus ramus length plot of Testudinella pseudobscura sp. nov. (N=7) and T. zhujiangensis (N=5).
FIGURE 7 in Two new brackish-water species of Testudinella (Rotifera: Testudinellidae) from Qi'ao Island in the Pearl River estuary, China, with a key to marine and brackish-water Testudinella
FIGURE 7. Lorica length versus width plot of Testudinella pseudobscura sp. nov. (N=10) and T. zhujiangensis (N=32).
FIGURE 6 in Two new brackish-water species of Testudinella (Rotifera: Testudinellidae) from Qi'ao Island in the Pearl River estuary, China, with a key to marine and brackish-water Testudinella
FIGURE 6. Light microscope photograph of three Testudinella species recorded from Qi'ao Island, China. A. Testudinella pesudobscura sp. nov. ventral view; B. Testudinella zhujiangensis ventral view; C. Testudinella quadrilobata sp. nov. dorsal view; D. Testudinella quadrilobata sp. nov. varying shape of anterior aperture. Scale bar: 50μm.
FIGURE 5 in Two new brackish-water species of Testudinella (Rotifera: Testudinellidae) from Qi'ao Island in the Pearl River estuary, China, with a key to marine and brackish-water Testudinella
FIGURE 5. Testudinella pseudobscura sp. nov., scanning electron microscope photograph of trophi. Detail of rami, frontal view. fs: frontal rami scleropili.
FIGURE 13 in Two new brackish-water species of Testudinella (Rotifera: Testudinellidae) from Qi'ao Island in the Pearl River estuary, China, with a key to marine and brackish-water Testudinella
FIGURE 13. Testudinella zhujiangensis, scanning electron microscope photograph of trophi. Detail of major teeth and proximal part of fulcrum, frontal view. al: alula, ba: basal apophysis, fo: fulcrum opening
FIGURE 2 in Two new brackish-water species of Testudinella (Rotifera: Testudinellidae) from Qi'ao Island in the Pearl River estuary, China, with a key to marine and brackish-water Testudinella
FIGURE 2. Testudinella pseudobscura sp. nov. A–D. Lorica, ventral view. E, F. Lorica, cross-section view. G. Foot pseudosegment. Scale bars: A–F: 50 µm, G: 10 µm.
FIGURE 1 in Two new brackish-water species of Testudinella (Rotifera: Testudinellidae) from Qi'ao Island in the Pearl River estuary, China, with a key to marine and brackish-water Testudinella
FIGURE 1. Location of the sampling sites on Qi'ao Island in the Pearl River estuary, Guangdong, China. Shadow area stands for mangrove forest; black circles represent the sampling sites, AL: artificial lake site; MS: mangrove swamp site; TR: tidal river site
FIGURE 10 in Two new brackish-water species of Testudinella (Rotifera: Testudinellidae) from Qi'ao Island in the Pearl River estuary, China, with a key to marine and brackish-water Testudinella
FIGURE 10. Testudinella quadrilobata sp. nov., scanning electron microscope photographs of trophi. A. Complete set, frontal view. B. Complete set (fulcrum lost), caudal view. al: alula, as: arched rami scleropili, dc: dorsal chamber, f: fulcrum, m: manubrium, mc: median chamber, r: ramus, ra: ramus apophysis, rf: ramus fenestra, svc: sub-ventral chamber, u: uncus, vc: ventral chamber.
FIGURE 9 in Two new brackish-water species of Testudinella (Rotifera: Testudinellidae) from Qi'ao Island in the Pearl River estuary, China, with a key to marine and brackish-water Testudinella
FIGURE 9. Testudinella quadrilobata sp. nov. A, B. Lorica, ventral view. C, D. Lorica, cross-section view. E. Foot pseudosegment. Scale bars: A–D: 50 µm, E: 10 µm.
FIGURE 12 in Two new brackish-water species of Testudinella (Rotifera: Testudinellidae) from Qi'ao Island in the Pearl River estuary, China, with a key to marine and brackish-water Testudinella
FIGURE 12. Testudinella zhujiangensis, scanning electron microscope photographs of trophi. A. Complete set, frontal view. B. Complete set, caudal view. al: alula, as: arched rami scleropili, dc: dorsal chamber, f: fulcrum, m: manubrium, mc: median chamber, r: ramus, ra: ramus apophysis, rf: ramus fenestra, svc: sub-ventral chamber, u: uncus, vc: ventral chamber.
FIGURE 4. Isognomon pearls. A—Free pearl from I. spathulatus, diameter 0.4 in Morphology and taxonomy of Isognomon spathulatus (Reeve, 1858), a cryptic bivalve from the mangroves of Thailand
FIGURE 4. Isognomon pearls. A—Free pearl from I. spathulatus, diameter 0.4 mm; B— Pair of free pears from I. ephippium, diameters 0.4 and 0.9 mm; C—The same pearls (indicated by arrows) as in B embedded in soft tissue proximal to hinge.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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