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114 results for “plant facilitation”
Data from: Facilitation among plants can accelerate density-dependent mortality and steepen self-thinning lines in stressful environments
The speed and slope of plant self-thinning are all affected by plant-plant interactions across environmental gradients. Possible mechanisms driving the self-thinning dynamics include the relative strength of root vs. shoot competition, and the interplay between competition and facilitation. Although these mechanisms often act in concert, their relative importance has not yet been fully explored. We used both a one-layer and a two-layer zone-of-influence (ZOI) model to examine how competition and facilitation drive self-thinning across stress gradients. As a development of the traditional ZOI model, the two-layer version explicitly models shoot and root growth and neighbor interactions, and thus the overall size-symmetry of competition is regulated by the relative strength of root vs. shoot competition. One-layer model simulations revealed that increasingly asymmetric competition accelerated thinning, and steepened (slope ranged from about -1 to -4/3) and lowered self-thinning lines. Stress slowed down density-dependent mortality considerably when competition was not completely symmetric. Stress significantly decreased the self-thinning intercept, while facilitation simply counteracted stress effects. Both stress and facilitation showed little effect on the slope. In the two-layer model, both stress and facilitation affected mortality in the same way as in the one-layer version when competition was not completely symmetric. Different from the one-layer model, the two-layer version showed that the effects of stress and facilitation on the self-thinning slope were mediated by the asymmetry of competition. As stress increased, the overall asymmetry of competition shifted from asymmetric to symmetric due to increased relative strength of root competition. High stress thus dramatically flattened self-thinning lines, whereas the inclusion of facilitation counteracted stress and led to steeper self-thinning lines. Our two-layer model is based on the current knowledge of plant-plant interactions, and better represents ecological realities. It can help elaborate experiments for testing the role of competition and facilitation in driving plant population dynamics.
Large herbivores facilitate an insect herbivore by modifying plant community composition in a temperate grassland
<p>Large herbivores often co-occur and share plant resources with herbivorous insects in grassland ecosystems, yet how they interact with each other remains poorly understood. We conducted a series of field experiments to investigate whether and how large domestic herbivores (sheep; <i>O</i><i>vis</i><i> </i><i>aries</i>) may affect the abundance of a common herbivorous insect (aphid; <i>Hyalopterus</i><i> </i><i>pruni</i>) in a temperate grassland of northeast China. Our exclosure experiment showed that three years (2010-2012) of sheep grazing had led to 86% higher aphid abundance compared with ungrazed sites. Mechanistically, this facilitative effect was driven by grazing altering the plant community, rather than by changes in food availability and predator abundance for aphids. Sheep significantly altered plant community by reducing the abundance of unpalatable forbs for the aphids. Our small-scale forb removal experiment revealed an "associational plant defense" by forbs which protect the grass <i>Phragmites australis</i><i> </i>from being attacked by the aphids. However, selective grazing on forbs by sheep indirectly disrupted such associational plant defense, making <i>P</i><i>.</i><i> australis</i> more susceptible to aphids, consequentially increasing the density of aphids. These findings provide a novel mechanistic explanation for the effects of large herbivores on herbivorous insects by linking selective grazing to plant community composition and the responses of insect populations in grassland ecosystems. </p>
Supplementary material 6 from: Tewes LJ, Mueller C (2018) Syndromes in suites of correlated traits suggest multiple mechanisms facilitating invasion in a plant range-expander. NeoBiota 37: 1-22. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.37.21470
Figure S5. Pairwise correlations between individual traits of Bunias orientalis plants :
Supplementary material 5 from: Tewes LJ, Mueller C (2018) Syndromes in suites of correlated traits suggest multiple mechanisms facilitating invasion in a plant range-expander. NeoBiota 37: 1-22. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.37.21470
Figure S4. Reproduction traits of Bunias orientalis plants :
Supplementary material 4 from: Tewes LJ, Mueller C (2018) Syndromes in suites of correlated traits suggest multiple mechanisms facilitating invasion in a plant range-expander. NeoBiota 37: 1-22. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.37.21470
Figure S3. Herbivore loads of Bunias orientalis plants :
Supplementary material 3 from: Tewes LJ, Mueller C (2018) Syndromes in suites of correlated traits suggest multiple mechanisms facilitating invasion in a plant range-expander. NeoBiota 37: 1-22. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.37.21470
Figure S2. Growth traits of Bunias orientalis plants :
Supplementary material 1 from: Tewes LJ, Mueller C (2018) Syndromes in suites of correlated traits suggest multiple mechanisms facilitating invasion in a plant range-expander. NeoBiota 37: 1-22. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.37.21470
Methods S1: Details for plant treatment and data analysis :
Supplementary material 2 from: Tewes LJ, Mueller C (2018) Syndromes in suites of correlated traits suggest multiple mechanisms facilitating invasion in a plant range-expander. NeoBiota 37: 1-22. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.37.21470
Figure S1. Design of the common garden field experiment :
Area wide monitoring of plant and honey bee (Apis mellifera) viruses in blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) agroecosystems facilitated by honey bee pollination
<p>Metadata associated with plant and bee virus identification on blueberry farms</p>
Data from: Mycorrhizal symbiosis increases the benefits of plant facilitative interactions
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Data from: Facilitation among plants can accelerate density-dependent mortality and steepen self-thinning lines in stressful environments
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Data from: Plant functional diversity and nutrient availability can improve restoration of floating fens via facilitation, complementarity and selection effects
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Data from: Reciprocal facilitation between annual plants and burrowing crabs: implications for the restoration of degraded salt marshes
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Large herbivores facilitate an insect herbivore by modifying plant community composition in a temperate grassland
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Data from: Dipteran larvae and microbes facilitate nutrient sequestration in the Nepenthes gracilis pitcher plant host
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Unraveling the roles of various ecological factors in seedling recruitment to facilitate plant regeneration
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Dataset: Plant-plant facilitation increases with reduced phylogenetic relatedness along an elevation gradient
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Pollinator-mediated facilitation alleviates pollen limitation through effects on the quality of plant reproduction
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Data from: Additive effects of nurse and facilitated plants on ecosystem functions
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Data from: Syndromes in suites of correlated traits suggest multiple mechanisms facilitating invasion in a plant range-expander
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Allen Brain Atlas
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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