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106 results for “plant functional diversity”
Data from: Does functional soil microbial diversity contribute to explain within-site plant β-diversity in an alpine grassland and a dehesa meadow in Spain?
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Functional diversity response to geographic and experimental precipitation gradients varies with plant community type
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Disentangling the roles of plant functional diversity and plaint traits in regulating plant nitrogen accumulation and denitrification in freshwaters
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Modern pollen–plant diversity relationships inform palaeoecological reconstructions of functional and phylogenetic diversity in calcareous fens
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Data from: Partitioning the effects of plant diversity on ecosystem functions at different trophic levels
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Species diversity and biological trait function: Effectiveness of ant–plant mutualism decreases as ant species diversity increases
<p class="abstract">One of the major concerns of ecological and evolutionary research is the prediction of community function in relation to the degree of biodiversity. To clarify the relationship between biodiversity and the expression of plant defence traits, we investigated ant–plant defensive mutualism in the pioneer plant <i>Mallotus japonicus</i> at several sites across Japan. The plant bears ant-attracting extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) and food bodies (FBs) as indirect defence traits.</p> <p class="abstract">To reveal variations in ant–plant interactions in the field, we measured species richness of nectar-feeding ants and interaction strength between each ant species and the plant (visiting frequency of each ant species to the plant). We also investigated the expression of EFNs and FBs in natural plant populations at the study sites. To assess the defensive quality of each ant species, we then experimentally estimated the aggressiveness of the dominant ant species. To examine the link between ant species richness and the defensive function of ants, we conducted an ant-exclusion experiment and a common garden experiment to clarify whether the defence efficacy of ants varied in relation to ant species richness.</p> <p class="abstract">Ant species richness differed among the study sites. We found negative relationships between ant species richness and the mean interaction strength of ant species, the interaction strength of aggressive ant species, and the number of EFNs per leaf. The effectiveness of indirect defence by ants was poor at sites where ant species richness was high. When cultivated in the same environment, plants from sites with low ant species richness developed a larger number of EFNs per leaf than those from sites with high ant species richness.</p> <p class="abstract">Our results suggest that facultative ant–plant defensive mutualism is weakened at sites where ant species richness is high, resulting in a decrease in the number of EFNs per leaf. Such a link between species richness and an indirect trait function may help us to understand the evolutionary patterns of various species traits in complex biological communities.</p>
Data from: Spatiotemporal scaling of plant species richness and functional diversity in a temperate semi-natural grassland
The accumulation of biodiversity in space and time has been modelled extensively using the species-area relationship and the species-time relationship, respectively. Recently, these models have been combined into time-area curves in order to investigate spatiotemporal scaling of species richness. This study expands on previous research by applying these spatiotemporal models to functional diversity. Understanding spatiotemporal dynamics of ecological traits is important due to their crucial role in ecosystem functioning and mediating species responses to environmental change. We present a new function based on the semi-logarithmic species-area relationship, which was applied with a power function to vegetation survey data from Scottish machair grassland for both species richness and two measures of functional diversity. When taking a whole-study approach using non-linear mixed effects models, the semi-logarithmic function used here shows a positive time-area interaction for species richness, contrasting with the negative interaction of the power law found in previous investigations. Although there was a negative time-area interaction for functional diversity measures at the whole-study scale, parameter estimates were inconsistent at the individual site level. Overall, the results reveal differing spatiotemporal dynamics of species and their traits and suggest that the appropriate scale for space-for-time substitutions depends on the aspect of biodiversity being investigated. The new model developed in this study, and the novel application to functional diversity, opens up future possible research into spatiotemporal dynamics of biodiversity.
Data from: Interactions between functionally diverse fungal mutualists inconsistently affect plant performance and competition
Plants form mutualistic relationship with a variety of belowground fungal species. Such a mutualistic relationship can enhance plant growth and resistance to pathogens. Yet, we know little about how interactions between functionally diverse groups of fungal mutualists affect plant performance and competition. We experimentally determined the effects of interaction between two functional groups of belowground fungi that form mutualistic relationship with plants, arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and Trichoderma, on interspecific competition between pairs of closely related plant species from four different genera. We hypothesized that the combination of two functionally diverse belowground fungal species would allow plants and fungi to partition their symbiotic relationships and relax plant‐plant competition. Our results show that: 1) the AM fungal species consistently outcompeted the Trichoderma species independent of plant combinations; 2) the fungal species generally had limited effects on competitive interactions between plants; 3) however, the combination of fungal species relaxed interspecific competition in one of the four instances of plant–plant competition, despite the general competitive superiority of AM fungi over Trichoderma. We highlight that the competitive outcome between functionally diverse fungal species may show high consistency across a broad range of host plants and their combinations. However, despite this consistent competitive hierarchy, the consequences of their interaction for plant performance and competition can strongly vary among plant communities.
Figure 1a from: Eisenhauer N (2018) Aboveground-belowground interactions drive the relationship between plant diversity and ecosystem function. Research Ideas and Outcomes 4: e23688. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.4.e23688
Figure 1a - Importance of the duration of the experiment for its outcome. <br> The effect of plant diversity on plant productivity and on the performance of decomposers increases over time. Regression between the R² of the relationship between plant diversity and plant productivity and the R² of the relationship between plant diversity and decomposer biomass/density. Data from the Jena Experiment from different years [plant productivity in 2003 – 2009; microbial biomass in 2003 – 2009 (white circles); meso- (gray circles) and macroinvertebrate densities (black circles) in 2004, 2006 and 2008].
Figure 3 from: Eisenhauer N (2018) Aboveground-belowground interactions drive the relationship between plant diversity and ecosystem function. Research Ideas and Outcomes 4: e23688. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.4.e23688
Figure 3 - Plant diversity effects on soil microbes more pronounced at elevated [CO2]. Microbial biomass (µg Cmic g-1 soil dry mass) and basal respiration (BR; µl O2 h-1 g-1 soil dry mass) as affected by plant species richness (SR) and CO2 concentrations. Dashed lines indicate ambient CO2 levels, solid lines elevated CO2 levels (+180 ppm). SR x CO2 for Cmic: p=0.007; SR x CO2 for BR: p=0.03). Data from August 2010. Means with SE. Redrawn after Eisenhauer et al. (2013).
Figure 4 from: Eisenhauer N (2018) Aboveground-belowground interactions drive the relationship between plant diversity and ecosystem function. Research Ideas and Outcomes 4: e23688. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.4.e23688
Figure 4 - Conceptual figure showing how global change drivers like temperature increase and drought may increase plant diversity–ecosystem function relationships.
Figure 2 from: Eisenhauer N (2018) Aboveground-belowground interactions drive the relationship between plant diversity and ecosystem function. Research Ideas and Outcomes 4: e23688. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.4.e23688
Figure 2 - Conceptual scheme of how aboveground–belowground interactions may influence the positive relationship between plant diversity and ecosystem functioning. The left part of the scheme illustrates how lower quantity and quality of plant inputs to the soil in species-poor plant communities (being low in resource use complementarity) may induce negative soil feedback effects. The right part of the scheme shows that higher quantity and quality of plant inputs in species-rich plant communities (being high in resource use complementarity) may cause the dominance of positive soil feedback effects. Mutualists will decrease (Wurst et al. 2008, Latz et al. 2012) and/or superimpose (Eisenhauer et al. 2012a) detrimental effects of antagonists on plants. The four proposed projects complement each other to explore the underlying mechanisms of this scheme across different experimental contexts.
Figure 1b from: Eisenhauer N (2018) Aboveground-belowground interactions drive the relationship between plant diversity and ecosystem function. Research Ideas and Outcomes 4: e23688. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.4.e23688
Figure 1b - Importance of the duration of the experiment for its outcome. <br> Long-term plant diversity studies on soil biota are rare. Relationship between sampling time since the establishment of the biodiversity experiment, number of studies investigating soil biota and percentage of significant plant diversity effects on soil biota (Eisenhauer et al. 2012a). Size of the bubbles and respective numbers indicate percentage of significant plant diversity effects (regression between number of studies and time: R²=0.56, p=0.033, between time and significant plant diversity effects: R²=0.66, p=0.014, n=20 studies).
Leaf functional traits and insular colonization: subtropical islands as a melting pot of trait diversity in a widespread plant lineage
<p><strong>Aim: </strong>One of the main goals of functional biogeography is to examine distribution patterns of trait diversity, and islands provide excellent study cases for this emerging field. We tested the hypothesis that multiple dispersals from a common mainland pool would promote functional similarity among island systems when environmental conditions are similar, but also novel phenotypic traits related to colonization history and exploitation of new habitats.</p> <p><strong>Location: </strong>Mediterranean Basin and Macaronesian islands</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> We used the well-known biogeographical history of a woody plant complex (Periploca laevigata s.l.) to examine trait variation and how it relates to climatic conditions of mainland and subtropical island settings. In a common garden experiment, we measured a suite of leaf physiological and anatomical traits tightly related to plant performance in 320 seedlings representing 21 populations of five sublineages: the oldest (2.6 my) island colonization (western Canary Islands) as a reference, three sublineages stemming from independent events of island colonization in the last 0.5 my from NW Africa (Cape Verde, Fuerteventura, Lanzarote), and their widespread Mediterranean mainland counterpart.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> We observed strong phenotypic divergence between island and mainland sublineages linked to contrasting climatic conditions. Mediterranean mainland populations displayed a very specialized leaf phenotype characteristic of arid plants (i.e. small leaves, amphistomaty, isobilateral mesophyll, high photosynthetic rates). In turn, low seasonality on islands was linked to the recurrent expression of a phenotype characterized by larger leaves and lower photosynthetic rates. Our analyses showed that the high investment in secondary compounds (i.e. tannins) on islands decouples photosynthesis from growth rates. Despite this pattern of parallel differentiation, each island sublineage displayed a distinctive phenotype, with some traits related to colonization time, which resulted in a mosaic of functional variation across island systems.</p> <p><strong>Main conclusions: </strong>Our data suggest that the studied subtropical islands promote expression of traits specific to certain sublineages and other common traits that are no untypeset proof Page 2 of 50 Journal of Biogeography longer adaptive in the original mainland pool due to Pleistocene climatic shifts. These findings ultimately extend the role of islands as biodiversity refugia and hotspots of plant functional diversity.</p>
Data from: Plant functional diversity and nutrient availability can improve restoration of floating fens via facilitation, complementarity and selection effects
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Data from: Interactions between functionally diverse fungal mutualists inconsistently affect plant performance and competition
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Leaf functional traits and insular colonization: subtropical islands as a melting pot of trait diversity in a widespread plant lineage
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Species diversity and biological trait function: Effectiveness of ant–plant mutualism decreases as ant species diversity increases
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Data from: Spatiotemporal scaling of plant species richness and functional diversity in a temperate semi-natural grassland
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Data from: Species pools and environmental sorting control different aspects of plant diversity and functional trait composition in recovering grasslands
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.