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125 results for “plant galls”
Data from: Distribution of the specialist aphid Uroleucon nigrotuberculatum (Homoptera: Aphididae) in response to host plant semiochemical induction by the gall fly Eurosta solidaginis (Diptera: Tephritidae)
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Data from: Determinants of parasitoid communities of willow-galling sawflies: habitat overrides physiology, host plant, and space
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Figure 3 in A gall mite, Aceria rhodiolae (Acari: Eriophyidae), altering the phytochemistry of a medicinal plant, Rhodiola rosea (Crassulaceae), in the Canadian Arctic
Figure 3. Prodorsal region, gnathosoma and legs of Aceria rhodiolae females from (B‒D) Nunavik, QC (Canada); (E) Labrador, NFLD (Canada); (F,G) Russia; and (H) Italy. (A) Line drawings, (B,C) scanning electron micrographs, (D) confocal light scanning microscopy, (E‒H) differential interference contrast light microscopy. Inset of (A) shows enlargement of empodia of leg I, and insets in (B) show enlargements of opisthosomal microtubercles and of dorsal gnathosoma. Notations in (A): ad, admedian line; sub II, submedian line II; tr, trochanter; so, solenidion; and others indicate setae of legs (femur to tarsus) and palp (coxal and genual setae). Arrows in (C) and (G) indicate characteristic ridges present in most (a) and some (b) specimens, respectively. The scale for images D‒H is indicated on (A) and the scale for (C) is the same as that on (B).
Figure 7 in A gall mite, Aceria rhodiolae (Acari: Eriophyidae), altering the phytochemistry of a medicinal plant, Rhodiola rosea (Crassulaceae), in the Canadian Arctic
Figure 7. Prodorsal region and genital coverflap (inset) of Aceria destructor female (differential interference contrast light microscopy). Arrows indicate characteristic ridges discernible in most (a) and some (b) specimens, respectively.
Figure 6 in A gall mite, Aceria rhodiolae (Acari: Eriophyidae), altering the phytochemistry of a medicinal plant, Rhodiola rosea (Crassulaceae), in the Canadian Arctic
Figure 6. Internal genitalia of Aceria rhodiolae female (A,D) and external and internal genitalia of male (B,C,E,F). (A) Line drawing based on both Russian and Nunavik females; differential interference contrast light microscopy (B,D,E) and confocal light scanning microscopy (C,F) from a Russian female (D) and Labrador males (B,C,E,F). aga, anterior genital apodeme; ch, genital chamber; ded, distal ejaculatory duct; eu, eugenital setae; gc, walls (collapsed) of genital channel (longitudinal bridge); oa, oblique apodeme; ped, proximal ejaculatory duct; sd, spermathecal duct; sp, spermatheca; ts, putative testis; vd, vasa deferentia. Figures A and D are on the same scale, and B‒C and E‒F are on the same scale.
Figure 2 in A gall mite, Aceria rhodiolae (Acari: Eriophyidae), altering the phytochemistry of a medicinal plant, Rhodiola rosea (Crassulaceae), in the Canadian Arctic
Figure 2. Aceria rhodiolae habitus. (A) Many (mostly adult) individuals under dissecting scope. (B) Adult female ventrolateral view (scanning electron micrograph) and (C) dorsolateral view (differential interference contrast light microscopy). Scale on (B) also applies to (C). The large size of female in (C) is in part due to some flattening of that specimen during the slide-mounting process. ch, cheliceral stylets; and other notations indicate setae of prodorsal shield and opisthosoma.
Figure 9 in A gall mite, Aceria rhodiolae (Acari: Eriophyidae), altering the phytochemistry of a medicinal plant, Rhodiola rosea (Crassulaceae), in the Canadian Arctic
Figure 9. Salidroside and rosavins contents in Rhodiola rosea plants that were ungalled (healthy, n = 94) and galled (deformed, n = 60) by Aceria rhodiolae. Error bars on y-axis are standard deviations.
Figure 4 in A gall mite, Aceria rhodiolae (Acari: Eriophyidae), altering the phytochemistry of a medicinal plant, Rhodiola rosea (Crassulaceae), in the Canadian Arctic
Figure 4. Legs of Aceria rhodiolae female (scanning electron micrographs), from Nunavik (Canada). (A) Legs I (left) and II (right); (B) legs I (left) and II (right). Arrows show ridges (r) on tibia I and II, and some of the spinules on the anterior margins of trochanter, femur, genu and tibia.
Variation in community structure of gall-inducing insects associated with a tropical plant supports the hypothesis of competition in stressful habitats
Environmental factors act as drivers of species coexistence or competition. Mesic environments favor the action of parasites and predators on gall communities, while the factors that determine the structure of gall communities in xeric environments remain unknown. We evaluated the structure of gall communities along an environmental gradient defined by intrinsic plant characteristics, soil fertility and aridity, and investigated the role of competition as a structuring force of gall communities in xeric environments. We created null models to compare observed and simulated patterns of co-occurrence of galls and used the C-score index to assess community aggregation or segregation. We used the NES C-score (standardized C-score) to compare patterns of co-occurrence with parameters of environmental quality. Xeric environments had poorer and more arid soils and more-sclerophyllous plants than mesic environments, which was reflected in the distribution patterns of gall communities. Values of the C-score index revealed a segregated distribution of gall morphospecies in xeric environments, but a random distribution in mesic environments. The low availability of resources for oviposition and the high density of gallers in xeric environments reinforce interspecific competition as an important structuring force for gall communities in these environments.
Data from: Water-repellent plant surface structure induced by gall-forming insects for waste management
Many animals and plants have evolved elaborate water-repellent microstructures on their surface, which often play important roles in their ecological adaptation. Here we report a unique type of water-repellent structure on plant surface, which develops as an insect-induced plant morphology in a social context. Some social aphids form galls on their host plant, in which they produce large amount of hydrophobic wax. Excreted honeydew is coated by the powdery wax to form "honeydew balls", which are actively disposed by soldier nymphs through an opening on their gall. These activities are enabled by a highly water-repellent inner gall surface, and we discovered that this surface is covered with dense trichomes that are not found on normal plant surface. The trichomes are coated by fine particles of the insect-produced wax, thereby realizing a high water repellency with a cooperative interaction between aphids and plants. The plant leaves on which the gall is formed often exhibit patchy areas with dense trichomes, representing an ectopic expression of the insect-induced plant morphology. In the pouch-shaped closed galls of a related social aphid species, by contrast, the inner surface was not covered with trichomes. Our findings provide a convincing example of how the extended phenotype of an animal, expressed in a plant, plays a pivotal role in maintaining sociality.
FIGURE 3 in Descriptions of two new Species of Goniozus Förster, 1856 (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) associated with insect induced plant galls from India
FIGURE 3. Gall inhabitants of Memecylon umbellatum A) Crotonothrips sp. B) Carpelimus sp.
FIGURE 5. A & B in Descriptions of two new Species of Goniozus Förster, 1856 (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) associated with insect induced plant galls from India
FIGURE 5. A & B) Goniozus kuriani Santhosh sp. nov. on leaf gall of Syzygium cumini.
FIGURE 6. Sonchus palustris L in New species of gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Aulacideini and Phanacidini) inducing galls on plants of the genera Sonchus and Crepis (Asteraceae) in Romania (Dobrogea Province) and notes on their parasitoids
FIGURE 6. Sonchus palustris L.; the host plant (photos by I. Schiopu).
FIGURE 14 in New species of gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Aulacideini and Phanacidini) inducing galls on plants of the genera Sonchus and Crepis (Asteraceae) in Romania (Dobrogea Province) and notes on their parasitoids
FIGURE 14. Phanacis dobrogicus sp. n.: a–j, mature galls (photos by I. Schiopu).
FIGURE 13 in New species of gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Aulacideini and Phanacidini) inducing galls on plants of the genera Sonchus and Crepis (Asteraceae) in Romania (Dobrogea Province) and notes on their parasitoids
FIGURE 13. Crepis foetida ssp. rhoeadifolia (M.Bieb.) Čelak: host plant (photos by I. Schiopu).
Figure 12 from: Maia VC, de Oliveira LA (2019) A new species of Clinodiplosis (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) causing galls on Banisteriopsis membranifolia (Malpighiaceae), an endemic plant in Brazil. Zoologia 36: 1-5. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.36.e21481
Figure 12 Galls of Clinodiplosisquartelensis sp. nov on Banisteriopsismembranifolia (Malpighiaceae).
Figures 1-11 from: Maia VC, de Oliveira LA (2019) A new species of Clinodiplosis (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) causing galls on Banisteriopsis membranifolia (Malpighiaceae), an endemic plant in Brazil. Zoologia 36: 1-5. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.36.e21481
Figures 1-11 Clinodiplosisquartelensis sp. nov. (1–2) larvae in ventral view: (1) spatula, sternal and lateral papillae, scale bar 0.03 mm; (2) 8–9th abdominal segments, scale bar 0.10 mm; (3) pupa: cephalic region and prothoracic spiracle, scale bar 0.20 mm; (4–11) Adults: (4) male head in frontal view, scale bar 0.20 mm; (5) male flagellomere 5, scale bar 0.05 mm; (6) female flagellomere 5, scale bar 0.05 mm; (7) male hindleg, tarsal claw and empodium, scale bar 0.0 2mm; (8) male 6–8th abdominal segments in lateral view, scale bar 0.10 mm; (9) male terminalia in dorsal view, scale bar 0.05 mm; (10) female 6–8th abdominal segments in lateral view, scale bar 0.10 mm; (11) ovipositor in lateral view, scale bar 0.05 mm.
Figure 3 in A new species of gall midge (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) on Ouratea cuspidata (A.St.-Hil.) Engl. (Ochnaceae), a plant endemic to Brazil
Figure 3. Cerciplanus maricaensis sp. n., female abdomen: a) 3rd to 5th tergites, dorsolateral view; b) 4th and 5th sternites, ventrolateral view.
Figure 4 in A new species of gall midge (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) on Ouratea cuspidata (A.St.-Hil.) Engl. (Ochnaceae), a plant endemic to Brazil
Figure 4. Cerciplanus maricaensis sp. n.: a) Male terminalia, dorsal view; b) Female cerci, dorsal view; c) Pupal exuviae, general aspect, ventral view.
Figure 6 in A new species of gall midge (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) on Ouratea cuspidata (A.St.-Hil.) Engl. (Ochnaceae), a plant endemic to Brazil
Figure 6. Cerciplanus maricaensis sp. n., larva: a) Head and prothoracic spatula, ventral view; b) Prothoracic spatula, sternal and lateral papillae, ventral view; c)Terminal segment, ventral view.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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OpenNeuro
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