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179 results for “plant nutrients”
Data from: Soil types select for plants with matching nutrient‐acquisition and ‐use traits in hyperdiverse and severely nutrient‐impoverished campos rupestres and cerrado in Central Brazil
1. Understanding the mechanisms that underlie the generation of beta-diversity remains a challenge in ecology. Underground plant adaptations to environmental gradients have received relatively little attention. 2. We studied plant nutrient-acquisition strategies and nutrient-use efficiency at three stages of pedogenesis in infertile soils from campos rupestres and on less infertile soil from cerrado sensu stricto in Brazil. All soils support very high plant diversity with high species turnover between soil types at small spatial scales (meters). We expected that differences in nutrient–acquisition and –use strategies would be associated with this high species turnover. With severely decreasing phosphorus (P) availability, we expected the effectiveness of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbioses for plant P acquisition to decrease, and reliance on non-mycorrhizal strategies (NM) to increase, while maintaining efficient nutrient-use. 3. Concentrations of total soil P and nitrogen (N) were greater in soils in cerrado than in those from campos rupestres, and the more weathered soils from campos rupestres were severely P– and N–impoverished. The proportion of the root length colonised by AM fungi was 71% in the soils from the cerrado and campos rupestres. Conversely, the proportion of species with non-mycorrhizal P-acquisition strategies such as rhizosheaths was greater in the most P-impoverished soils. Leaf [P] and [N] were very low and decreased with decreasing soil [P] and [N]. Leaf N: P ratios suggest P-limitation of plant productivity in the campos rupestres but N-P co-limitation in the cerrado. Photosynthetic rates decreased with increasing P-impoverishment, but photosynthetic P-use efficiency was very high and photosynthetic N-use efficiency moderately high on all soils. Most species had very high P-remobilisation efficiency during leaf senescence (>70%), but only moderate N-remobilisation efficiency (~50%). 4. Synthesis. We observed very high P-use efficiency and moderately high N-use efficiency in campos rupestres and cerrado species, consistent with plant productivity being more strongly limited by P than by N. Our findings demonstrate that different soil characteristics (nutrient availability and soil texture) select for species differing in nutrient-acquisition and -use strategies (especially belowground traits) which is likely key for the very high species turnover at a very small scale between soil types (i.e. beta-diversity) in campos rupestres and cerrado.
Data from: A new theory of plant-microbe nutrient competition resolves inconsistencies between observations and model predictions
Terrestrial plants assimilate anthropogenic CO2 through photosynthesis and synthesizing new tissues. However, sustaining these processes requires plants to compete with microbes for soil nutrients, which therefore calls for an appropriate understanding and modeling of nutrient competition mechanisms in Earth System Models (ESMs). Here, we survey existing plant-microbe competition theories and their implementations in Earth System Models (ESMs). We found no consensus regarding the representation of nutrient competition and that observational and theoretical support for current implementations are weak. To reconcile this situation, we applied the Equilibrium Chemistry Approximation (ECA) theory to plant-microbe nitrogen competition in a detailed grassland 15N tracer study and found that competition theories in current ESMs fail to capture observed patterns and the ECA prediction simplifies the complex nature of nutrient competition and quantitatively matches the 15N observations. Since plant carbon dynamics are strongly modulated by soil nutrient acquisition, we conclude that (1) predicted nutrient limitation effects on terrestrial carbon accumulation by existing ESMs may be biased and (2) our ECA-based approach may improve predictions by mechanistically representing plant-microbe nutrient competition.
Data from: Demographic responses of rare forest plants to multiple stressors: the role of deer, invasive species and nutrients
Forest ecosystems in eastern North America face multiple threats or stressors including plant and animal invasions and increased white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) herbivory. While each stressor may have independent detrimental effects on native biota, stressors often co-occur and are likely to have interactive effects. Despite recognition that concurrent processes drive plant demographic responses, few studies evaluate independent and combined effect of stressors. Using a network of 12 sites that varied in non-native plant cover and introduced earthworm density and biomass we experimentally assessed effects of deer exclusion (30 x 30 m paired plots), slug exclusion and nutrient addition on survival, growth and fecundity of four rare forest understorey plant species (Aristolochia serpentaria L., Agrimonia rostellata Wallr., Carex retroflexa Muhl. ex Willd, and Trillium erectum L). We found that single and combined effects of stressors were species-specific and varied according to plant stage and demographic parameter. Interactions were prevalent among all studied stressors and, for most cases, did not follow predicted responses. We found detrimental deer herbivory effects on reproductive A. rostellata and non-consumptive effects on A. serpentaria and T. erectum. Negative deer effects follow underlying predictions, and override effects of other stressors, even when other concurrent processes are at play. Contrary to expectations, we did not find negative effects of non-native plants. Earthworms had positive effects on A. rostellata and C. retroflexa (especially when deer were excluded), but negative effects on T. erectum. Slug effects were dependent on other stressors, especially on interactions with non-native plants and earthworms. Nutrient addition had a negative effect on survival of A. serpentaria and T. erectum, but positive effects on C. retroflexa and T. erectum growth. Synthesis: We found prevalent but unpredictable interactions among all study factors and plant species. Negative direct and indirect deer effects overrode impacts of all other stressors we investigated. A multi-factor approach is critical to predict plant responses to concurrent environmental forces. Assessment of combined effects should form an essential component of subsequent research on plant demography and management of declining species.
Data from: Nutrient presses and pulses differentially impact plants, herbivores, detritivores and their natural enemies
Anthropogenic nutrient inputs into native ecosystems cause fluctuations in resources that normally limit plant growth, which has important consequences for associated food webs. Such inputs from agricultural and urban habitats into nearby natural systems are increasing globally and can be highly variable, spanning the range from sporadic to continuous. Despite the global increase in anthropogenically-derived nutrient inputs into native ecosystems, the consequences of variation in subsidy duration on native plants and their associated food webs are poorly known. Specifically, while some studies have examined the effects of nutrient subsidies on native ecosystems for a single year (a nutrient pulse), repeated introductions of nutrients across multiple years (a nutrient press) better reflect the persistent nature of anthropogenic nutrient enrichment. We therefore contrasted the effects of a one-year nutrient pulse with a four-year nutrient press on arthropod consumers in two salt marshes. Salt marshes represent an ideal system to address the differential impacts of nutrient pulses and presses on ecosystem and community dynamics because human development and other anthropogenic activities lead to recurrent introductions of nutrients into these natural systems. We found that plant biomass and %N as well as arthropod density fell after the nutrient pulse ended but remained elevated throughout the nutrient press. Notably, higher trophic levels responded more strongly than lower trophic levels to fertilization, and the predator/prey ratio increased each year of the nutrient press, demonstrating that food web responses to anthropogenic nutrient enrichment can take years to fully manifest themselves. Vegetation at the two marshes also exhibited an apparent tradeoff between increasing %N and biomass in response to fertilization. Our research emphasizes the need for long-term, spatially diverse studies of nutrient enrichment in order to understand how variation in the duration of anthropogenic nutrient subsidies affects native ecosystems.
Data from: Competitive reversal between plant species is driven by species-specific tolerance to flooding stress and nutrient acquisition during early marsh succession
1. Understanding plant species interactions along successional trajectories are critical for managing and restoring ecosystems, as both resource availability and abiotic stresses change over time to affect competitive outcomes and species distributions. Newly created ecosystems experience a succession of plants species and rapid changes in resource availability, which may influence the outcome of biotic interactions. How these biotic interactions vary along abiotic gradients in early successional systems is not well understood. 2. Here, we tested the hypothesis that species-specific tolerances to flooding would influence their relative ability to capture resources (i.e., nutrients) and affect competition intensity between pioneer and secondary successional species in an early successional created tidal marsh. We transplanted a competitively dominant higher marsh species, Spartina patens, across an elevation gradient within and outside of clones of a pioneer stress-tolerant low marsh species, Spartina alterniflora. 3. Within six months, Spartina alterniflora had suppressed the stature and growth of S. patens; however, the magnitude of this competitive effect increased at lower marsh elevations where S. alterniflora was more efficient at capturing available nitrogen (N). In unvegetated areas, where S. patens vigor was high, the amount of available N was approximately 40 times greater than within S. alterniflora clones. 4. Synthesis and applications. Our results demonstrate that competition intensity of the stress-tolerant species over the competitive species depended on relative resource capture in response to abiotic stress. Managing for specific vegetation communities in marsh restoration, therefore, requires insight into these relationships and interactions. Specifically, marsh restoration in high nutrient environments will limit the succession to high density competitive species due to competition with stress-tolerant pioneer species, particularly at lower elevations.
Data from: Insect herbivory on native and exotic aquatic plants: phosphorus and nitrogen drive insect growth and nutrient release
Eutrophication and globalisation facilitate the dominance of exotic plants in aquatic ecosystems worldwide. Aquatic omnivores can provide biotic resistance to plant invasions, but little is known about whether obligate aquatic herbivores can do the same. Herbivores such as insects can decimate aquatic vegetation, but may not be able to consume exotic plants due to their more or less specialised nature of feeding. We experimentally tested the larval feeding of an aquatic insect, the moth Parapoynx stratiotata, on eleven submerged plant species, from either native or exotic origin. We also tested whether insect herbivory stimulates nutrient and organic matter release, thus affecting water quality. Larvae of P. stratiotata consumed seven out of eleven plant species, and their growth was related to plant nutrient content and stoichiometry. However, larvae had no preference for either native or exotic macrophytes, and their plant preference was not related to the measured plant traits, but was possibly driven by secondary metabolites. Through plant consumption, caterpillars induced brownification and phosphate release, and the intensity thereof varied among plant species, but not between native and exotic plants. In conclusion, P. stratiotata showed strong feeding preferences demonstrating that aquatic insects can directly and indirectly alter water quality and vegetation composition.
Nutrient deposition on Arctic fox dens creates atypical tundra plant assemblages at the edge of the Arctic
<p class="CxSpFirst"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><i>Questions</i>: In most ecosystems, some organisms can be considered ecosystem engineers because they modify their physical environment in a way that can affect many other organisms. Nutrient deposition may be extremely important as an ecosystem engineering activity in nutrient-limited environments, but this mechanism remains understudied. In low-Arctic tundra, a region characterized by continuous permafrost, low-nutrient soils, and slow nutrient turnover, Arctic foxes (<i>Vulpes lagopus</i>) concentrate nutrients on their dens through fecal deposition and feeding their young. This nutrient concentration enhances productivity in patches on the landscape, likely creating a unique habitat for a variety of plants, and could have cascading effects on the distribution and diversity of vegetation on the tundra. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="CxSpMiddle"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><i>Location</i>: Low-Arctic tundra in Wapusk National Park, Manitoba, Canada</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="CxSpMiddle"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><i>Methods</i>: We quantified differences in vegetation composition between 20 fox dens and adjacent control sites. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="CxSpMiddle"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><i>Results</i>: Plant growth form differed greatly between dens, which were dominated by deciduous grasses near the coast and erect shrubs farther from the coast, and control sites, which were dominated by evergreen prostrate shrubs. Dens also had more forb cover and less cover of lichens, mosses, and sedges. Species composition also varied greatly between control and den areas, with 17 of the 20 species found in at least 10% of the sampled sites being indicator species for dens or control sites. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><i>Conclusions</i><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>: By providing habitat for plants reliant on higher nutrient availability not typical of tundra heath, Arctic foxes enhance the biodiversity of the region. These erect plants may also help create new habitat by retaining snow on normally windswept beach ridges. Overall, this study illustrates the broader impacts of predators on diversity and community composition through mechanisms other than predation.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Data from: Biofertilizers from wastewater treatment as a potential source of mineral nutrients for growth of amaranth plants
<p>Exploring alternative fertilizers is crucial in agriculture due to the cost and environmental impact of inorganic options. This study investigated the potential of biofertilizers derived from sewage treatment on the growth and physiology of <em>Amaranthus cruentus</em> plants. Various treatments were compared, including control treatments with inorganic fertilizer and treatments with biofertilizers composed of microalgae, biosolids and reclaimed water. The following traits were investigated: photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange, growth, and leaf nutrient concentrations. Results show that the concentrations of N, P, Cu, Fe Zn and Na nutrients, in the dry microalgae and biosolids, were quite high for the needs of the plants. The wet microalgae presented high concentration of Cu, Fe and Zn nutrients while reclaimed water contained high concentration of N, K, Ca and S. Na and Zn nutrients increased in the leaf of plants treated with dry microalgae and biosolid, respectively. At the beginning of the flowering phase, total chlorophyll and carotenoids contents were lower for plants grown with wet microalgae while for plants grown with higher doses of biosolid or reclaimed water total chlorophyll was increased, and carotenoids were not affected. Lower photosynthetic pigments under wet microalgae resulted in lower photosynthetic rates. On the other hand, amendments with dry microalgae and biosolid increased photosynthetic rates with the biosolid being the most effective. Higher applications of biosolid, wet and dry microalgae produced a considerable increase in shoot biomass of amaranth, with the dry microalgae being the most effective. Additionally, reclaimed water obtained after tertiary treatment of sewage with microalgae and biosolids applied alone showed promising effects on plant growth. Overall, these findings suggest that organic fertilizers derived from sewage treatment have the potential to enhance plant growth and contribute to sustainable agricultural practices.</p>
Figure S1: Nutrient concentration of lettuce (Lactuca sativa 'Rex') plants grown at different total incident light levels in deep water culture hydroponics. Lines show multiple regression analysis results, indicating no significant interactions. Each data point represents one plant. N = nitrogen, P = phosphorus, K = potassium, Ca = calcium, Mg = magnesium, S = sulfur, B = boron, Cu = copper, Fe = iron, Mn = manganese, and Zn = zinc.
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Assessing the fate and behaviour of plant nutrients in aquaponic systems by chemical equilibrium modelling: A meta-analytical approach
<p>Cleaned dataset and Visual MINTEQ input files (without and without assumed presence of dissolved organic matter) for each record in the dataset.</p>
Vertebrate grazing can mitigate impacts of nutrient addition on plant diversity and insect abundance in a semi-natural grassland
<p>Human-induced nutrient eutrophication is a major threat to grassland biodiversity, because it promotes the dominance of fast-growing plants. Negative impacts of fertilization on plant biodiversity may be offset by grazing by large vertebrate herbivores. However, whether grazers also mitigate impacts of nutrient addition on insects is less well understood. We use a field experiment to test how plant communities and abundances of pollinators and grasshoppers respond to nutrient addition and grazing by different assemblages of large herbivores, i.e., access by all herbivores (including cattle and horses), access by wild herbivores only (wild boar and deer), no access by large herbivores. Plant biomass increased, plant diversity decreased and community composition shifted towards lower forb cover in response to fertilization, but only in the absence of all herbivores. Flower visitation by Hymenoptera (bees and wasps), i.e., the most abundant pollinator group, was reduced by nutrient addition only in the absence of all herbivores and was positively related to flowering plant richness. In contrast, flower visitation by Diptera (e.g., hoverflies) was enhanced by fertilization, but not affected by grazing. Orthoptera (grasshopper) abundance was reduced by grazing and enhanced by nutrient addition, with positive impacts of fertilization tending to be stronger in plots with only wild or no herbivores. The abundance of grasshoppers was positively related to grass biomass. We conclude that vertebrate herbivores can offset impacts of fertilization on both plant and insect communities, making grazing by large mammals an essential tool to protect insects, particularly pollinators. Most responses to nutrient addition were only apparent in plots without any large herbivores, suggesting that wild herbivores alone could already mitigate nutrient impacts. We also show that insects with contrasting feeding guilds may be favoured by fertilized, ungrazed conditions. Therefore, creating a mosaic of patches grazed at different intensities will enhance overall insect biodiversity.</p>
Data from: Herbivory may mediate the effects of nutrients on the dominance of alien plants
<p>1. Numerous studies have highlighted the role of nutrient availability and fluctuations therein for invasion success of alien plants. Others also highlighted the role of herbivores in invasion success. However, how herbivory and the level and fluctuations in nutrient availability interact in driving alien plant invasion into native communities remains largely unexplored.</p> <p>2. We grew eight invasive alien species as target species in pot-mesocosms with five different synthetic native communities in a three-factorial design with two levels of nutrient availability (low <i>vs</i> high), two levels of nutrient fluctuation (constant <i>vs</i> pulsed) and two levels of herbivory (with <i>vs</i> without).</p> <p>3. The relative biomass production of the alien target plants decreased in response to an increase in nutrient availability, and increased in response to the presence of herbivores. Furthermore, herbivory could interact with changes in nutrient availability and nutrient fluctuations to affect the dominance of the alien target species (a marginally significant interaction; 90% CIs: [0.005, 0.176]).</p> <p>4. Synthesis: Our multispecies experiment indicates that herbivory could mediate the interactive effect of nutrient enrichment and variability in nutrient supply on invasion of alien plants into native communities. Therefore, we recommend that studies testing the fluctuating resources hypothesis should also consider interactive effect of other trophic levels.</p>
Nutrient trade-offs mediated by ectomycorrhizal strategies in plants: Evidence from an Abies species in subalpine forest
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>1. Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) symbiosis is an evolutionary biological trait of higher plants for effective nutrient uptakes. However, little is known that how the formation and morphological differentiations of ECM roots mediate the nutrients of below- and aboveground plant tissues and the balance among nutrient elements across environmental gradients. Here we investigated the effects of ECM foraging strategies on root and foliar N and P concentrations and N:P ratio Abies faxoniana under variations of climate and soil conditions.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>2. The ECM symbionts preferentially mediated P uptake under both N and P limitations. The uptake efficiency of N and P was primarily associated with the ECM root traits, e.g., ECM root tip density, superficial area of ECM root tips, the ratio of living to dead root tips, and was affected by the ECM proliferations and morphological differentiations. The tissue N and P concentrations were positively associated with the abundance of the contact exploration type, and negatively with that of the short-distance exploration type.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>3. Our findings indicate that the nutritional status of both below- and aboveground plant tissues can be strongly affected by ECM symbiosis in natural environments. Variations in the ECM strategies in response to varying environmental conditions significantly influence plant nutrient uptakes and trade-offs.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Data for: Effects of nutrient heterogeneity on root foraging and plant growth at the individual and community level
<p>Plants can respond to heterogeneous nutrient distribution through selective root placement to enhance nutrient uptake. It is believed that nutrient heterogeneity can better promote plant growth than homogeneous nutrient distribution, but comprehensive analyses are relatively few. We meta-analyzed the data from 131 comparative studies and synthesized the effects of nutrient heterogeneity on root foraging and plant growth, and examined the roles of patch scale and contrast. Plant responses to nutrient heterogeneity was phylogenetically conserved, and the response in shoot biomass was more correlated with the response in root biomass than with root foraging precision. Root precision depended on competition status, and plants in interspecific competition had lower precision. Community-level responses to nutrient heterogeneity were more significant than individual-level responses. With increasing patch scale, root foraging precision declined, while overall shoot and root responses of individuals increased. Moderate patch contrast significantly increased root responses compared to low and high patch contrast. Our results indicate that plants optimize nutrient acquisition from heterogeneous patches mainly through increasing root growth rate and exploit nutrients more effectively at the community than individual level. Patch attribute mediation of nutrient heterogeneity effects on plants may help design fertilization practices to promote productivity and conserve biodiversity. </p>
Data from: Grassland management regimes alter the coordination of plant functional traits and nutrient resorption in semiarid grasslands
<p>Grazing and enclosure (grazing exclusion) are the main grassland management regimes that affect nutrient cycling and ecosystem function by altering plant traits. However, the coordination among plant functional traits and nutrient resorption under different grassland management regimes remains unclear. We examined the coordination of eight root and four leaf traits along with the nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) resorption efficiencies under four grazing intensities and two enclosure chronosequences in a semiarid steppe ecosystem in China. The principal components analysis (PCA) of root traits and multiple factors analysis of root and leaf traits showed two-dimensional economic spaces at the individual level. Increasing grazing intensity shifts species and community trait composition from conservative to acquisitive with increases in specific root length, specific root area, root alkaline phosphatase activity, and specific leaf area, accelerating nutrient cycling and coordination among traits. Increasing grazing intensity promoted nutrient resorption efficiency. Such adaptations optimize plant nutrient acquisition and nutrient conservation under nutrient-poor conditions. Conversely, long-term enclosure increases plant nutrient and light acquisition by promoting root tissue density, mycorrhizal colonization, and specific leaf area. The conservative (e.g., <em>Stipa grandis</em>) and acquisitive species (e.g., <em>Carex korshinskyi</em>) dominated under grazing, whereas the mid-acquisitive species, including <em>Leymus chinensis</em> and <em>Agropyron cristatum</em>,<em> </em>dominated under enclosure. The observed N and P resorption efficiencies decrease with increasing PC1 score (increase in nutrient acquisition by itself) in root PCA, indicating the trade-off between nutrient-conservative and nutrient-acquisitive strategies. Community-weighted mean traits were primarily driven by intraspecific trait variation, enhancing the adaptability of plants and communities to environmental changes and external stressors. Our study highlights the coordination among above- and below-ground traits, as well as the trade-off between root nutrient acquisition and leaf nutrient resorption under different grassland management regimes in semi-arid grassland ecosystems. From these findings, we conclude that enhancing soil nutrient availability is the most effective approach to the solution to grazing-induced grassland degradation. This knowledge is crucial for devising more effective strategies for sustainable land use and biodiversity conservation in grassland ecosystems.</p>
Data from: Arbuscular mycorrhizal communities respond to nutrient enrichment and plant invasion in phosphorus-limited eucalypt woodlands
<p>Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) facilitate ecosystem functioning through provision of plant hosts with phosphorus (P), especially where soil P is limiting. Changes in soil nutrient regimes are expected to impact AMF, but the direction of the impact may depend on context. We predicted that nitrogen (N)-only enrichment promotes plant invasions and exacerbates their P limitation, increasing the utility of AMF and promoting AMF diversity. We expected that enrichment with N, P and other nutrients similarly promotes plant invasions, but decreases the benefit and diversity of AMF because P is readily available for both native and exotic plants. We tested these hypotheses in eucalypt woodlands of south-western Australia, that occur on soils naturally low in P. We evaluated AMF communities within three modified ground-layer states representing different types of nutrient enrichment and associated plant invasions. We compared these modified states to near-natural reference woodlands. AMF richness varied across ground-layer states. The moderately invaded/N-enriched state showed the highest AMF richness, while the highly invaded/NP-enriched state showed the lowest AMF richness. The reference state and the weakly invaded/enriched state were intermediate. AMF richness and colonisation were higher in roots of exotic than native plant species. AMF community composition differed among ground-layer states, with the highly invaded/NP-enriched state being most distinct. Distinctions among states were often driven by family-level patterns. Reference and moderately invaded/N-enriched states each supported distinct groups of zero-radius operational taxonomic units (zOTUs) in Acaulosporaceae, Gigasporaceae and Glomeraceae, whereas Gigasporaceae and Glomeraceae were nearly absent from the highly invaded/NP-enriched state. Further, Diversisporaceae and Glomeraceae were most diverse in the moderately invaded/N-enriched state.</p> <p> Synthesis. Both the nature of soil nutrient enrichment and plant provenance matter for AMF. N-only enrichment of low-P soils increased AMF richness, likely due to introduction of AMF-dependent exotic plant species and exacerbation of their P-limitation. In contrast, multi-nutrient enrichment, decreased AMF richness potentially due to a decrease in host dependence on AMF, regardless of host provenance. The changes in AMF community composition with nutrient enrichment and plant invasion warrants further research into predicting the functional implications of these changes.</p>
A Web-resource for Nutrient Use Efficiency related Genes, QTLs, and microRNA in important cereals and model plants
<p>Cereals are key contributors to global food security. Genes involved in the uptake (transport), assimilation and utilization of macro- and micronutrients are responsible for the presence of these nutrients in grain and straw. Although many genomic databases for cereals are available, there is currently no cohesive web resource of manually curated nutrient use efficiency (NtUE)-related genes and quantitative trait loci (QTLs). In this study, we present a <a href="http://bioclues.org/NtUE/index.php">web- resource</a> containing information on NtUE-related genes/QTLs and the corresponding available microRNAs for some of these genes in four major cereal crops (wheat (<em>Triticum aestivum</em>), rice (<em>Oryza sativa</em>), maize (<em>Zea mays</em>), barley (<em>Hordeum vulgare</em>)), two alien species related to wheat (<em>Triticum urartu</em> and<em> Aegilops tauschii</em>), and two model species (<em>Brachypodium distachyon </em>and <em>Arabidopsis thaliana</em>). Gene annotations integrated in the current web resource were manually curated from the existing databases and the available literature. The primary goal of developing this web resource is to provide descriptions of the NtUE-related genes and their functional annotation. MicroRNAs targeting some of the NtUE related genes and the QTLs for NtUE-related traits are also included. The genomic information embedded in the web resource should help users to search for the desired information.</p>
Effects of a plant-based diet from first feeding on the intestinal expression of nutrient sensors in rainbow trout
<p>Raw data corresponding to results included in the above mentioned publication </p>
Mycorrhizal symbiosis and phosphorus supply determine interactions among plants with contrasting nutrient-acquisition strategies
<p>Highly diverse plant communities growing on nutrient-impoverished soils are test beds for theories on species coexistence. Here, neighbouring mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants compete for limited phosphorus. The impact of belowground interactions on community dynamics is underexplored.</p> <p>We used an experimental approach to investigate effects of inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and a phosphorus supply gradient on competitive and facilitative interactions among mixed assemblages of woody plants in microcosms. The plant species, one cluster-root forming (CR) species and four AM species, are native to jarrah forest that grows on nutrient-impoverished soils in south-western Australia. We measured plant growth in microcosms, with and without inoculation with the AM fungus <i>Rhizophagus irregularis</i>,<i> </i>and across a gradient of P supply: 0, 9, 27, and 243 mg P per kg of soil.</p> <p>Our data show evidence of plant-plant facilitation at low P supply and competition at high P supply. Growth of the CR species, <i>Hakea undulata</i>, was highest in microcosms with 0P and without AM inoculation. One AM species, <i>Bossiaea aquifolium</i>, also performed better at lower P levels, possibly benefitting from P mobilised by <i>H. undulata</i>. The other three AM species, one strongly obligate, performed better at higher P levels. Data for <i>Acacia celastrifolia</i> suggested it was facultatively mycotropic, and because there was no correlation between AM colonisation and the relative inoculum effect, we suggest positive effects of AM inoculation at 9P might be due to benefits other than P-acquisition, such as pathogen defence. Benefit of AM inoculation diminished for three of four mycorrhizal species at the highest P-level as we had predicted. The fourth species, <i>Eucalyptus marginata</i> (jarrah), had higher growth in microcosms that were not inoculated with AM, perhaps because the species benefits more from ectomycorrhizas.</p> <p><i>Synthesis. </i>Our experimental data suggests spatial heterogeneity of soil P, coupled with a diversity of nutrient acquisition strategies, and plasticity among plant-plant and plant-AM fungi interactions, contributes to plant species coexistence in the nutrient-impoverished jarrah forest. Our research highlights the importance of belowground mechanisms for understanding factors determining community structure including a potential role of AM fungi in plant pathogen defence.</p>
Plant community legacy effects on nutrient cycling, fungal decomposer communities and decomposition in a temperate grassland
<p>Soil legacies mediated by plant species-specific microbial communities are major drivers of plant community dynamics. Most soil legacy studies focus on the role of pathogens and mutualists in driving these processes, while much less is known about plant litter-mediated changes to the soil microbial community. Here, we used an existing plant-soil feedback field experiment in which plant communities with different growth strategies (i.e., fast versus slow) and different proportions of functional groups (grasses versus forbs) were allowed to condition the soil over contrasting temporal scales (i.e., one versus two years) in a natural grassland. In the feedback phase, we removed the existent plant community, and replaced it with a standardized response plant community. We then tested the legacy effects of these different soil conditioning treatments on decomposition processes, nutrient cycling and soil decomposer community composition. Soil legacy effects on decomposition and the soil decomposer community composition were most evident right after the start of the feedback phase, but disappeared soon after the new community established. The soil conditioning time and years since disturbance affected most of the soil functions consistently, while no strong effects of plant functional group and plant growth strategy were found. We conclude that after disturbance, it is recovery time, not soil legacy effects, that is the most important factor driving soil functions.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.