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302 results for “plastid”
FIGURE 9 in A broadly sampled 3-loci plastid phylogeny of Atraphaxis (Polygoneae, Polygonoideae, Polygonaceae) reveals new taxa: III. A. kuvaevii and сryptic species in A. pungens from Southern Siberia and Northern Mongolia
FIGURE 9. Atraphaxis pungens (A–E) and A. × uyukensis (F): A–C—short generative shoots with small leaf blades; D–F—long vegetative shoots with large leaf blades. A—(184) RUSSIA. Tuva: Pii-Khem Raion, Kartushibinskii ridge, vill. Shivilig, 16 June 1987, Shaulo & Krasnikov 84 (NSK). B—RUSSIA. Tuva: the West Sayan, Kartushibinskii ridge, environs of Semiozersk Slaughterhouse, 13 June 1980, Shaulo & Danilov 3867 (NSK). C—(304) RUSSIA. Tuva: Pii-Khem Raion, vicinity of Shivilig vill., 923 m, 52°13.434'N, 93°44.148'E, 26 Jul 2015, Kostikov & Kostikova (MW). D—(253) RUSSIA. Khakassia: Shira Raion, lake shore Fyrkal, 05 July 2014, Kostikov & Kostikova (NSK). E—(115) MONGOLIA. Uver-Khangay: S of Tugrek, Bajangyin-Nuru (spurs of Dzegest-Ula), 27 July 1983, Gubanov 7471 (MW). F—(301) RUSSIA. Tuva: Kyzyl Raion, Kara-Khaak vill., 655 m, 27 July 2015, Kostikov & Kostikova (MW).
FIGURE 6 in A broadly sampled 3-loci plastid phylogeny of Atraphaxis (Polygoneae, Polygonoideae, Polygonaceae) reveals new taxa: III. A. kuvaevii and сryptic species in A. pungens from Southern Siberia and Northern Mongolia
FIGURE 6. Epidermal cells of perianth tube (A, C, E), tepals of perianth (B, D, F), fruits (G, L), styles (H, J, K), and fruit surface (I). A, B—A. kuvaevii (154), RUSSIA. Krasnoyarskii Krai: Kuvaev & Sonnikova 1015-13 (MW0061320, holotype). C, D—A. pungens (255), RUSSIA. Khakassia: Askiz Raion, Kazanovka, Skvortsov (MW0061302). E, F, K—A. ledebourii (59), MONGOLIA. Ubsunur: S of Altan-Els, 70 km NE of Baruun-Turuun, 5 July 1988, Kamelin et al. 867 (LE). G–I—A. kuvaevii, RUSSIA, Tuva: Ulug-Khem Raion, West Sayan Mts, vill. Bayan-Kol, 8 July 1974, Lomonosova & Iskakova 2709 (MHA, NS). J—A. pungens (192), RUSSIA. Tuva: West Sayan, Kartushibinskii ridge, Semiozersk Slaughterhouse, 13 June 1980, Shaulo & Danilov 3867 (MHA). L—A. decipiens × A. ledebourii (238), RUSSIA. Tuva: Ulug-Khem Raion, West Sayan Mts, the Uyuk ridge, vill. Bayan-Kol, 6 August 1976, Lomonosova & Ivanova 2408 (MHA). Scale Bar = 10 µm (A-F); = 300 µm (G), =100 µm (H); = 30 µm (I); =500 µm (J); =3 µm (K, L).
FIGURE 20 in A broadly sampled 3-loci plastid phylogeny of Atraphaxis (Polygoneae, Polygonoideae, Polygonaceae) reveals new taxa: III. A. kuvaevii and сryptic species in A. pungens from Southern Siberia and Northern Mongolia
FIGURE 20. Atraphaxis ledebourii (298) RUSSIA. Tuva: Erzin Raion, 17 km N from the vill. Erzin, river bank Tarlashkyn, rocky outcrops and rocks, 1098 m, 50°22.992N, 95°05E.116, 29 July 2015, Kostikov & Kostikova (MW). A—leaf blade. B, C—perianth. D–F—styles in unripe (D, E) and ripe (F) fruit. Scale Bar: = 1 µm (A–C, D); = 0.5 µm (E); = 0.2 µm (F).
FIGURE 1 in A broadly sampled 3-loci plastid phylogeny of Atraphaxis (Polygoneae, Polygonoideae, Polygonaceae) reveals new taxa: III. A. kuvaevii and сryptic species in A. pungens from Southern Siberia and Northern Mongolia
FIGURE 1. Maximum likelihood tree of Atraphaxis inferred from the combined chloroplast data set (trnL(UAA) intron + trnL-trnF IGS and rpl32-trnL(UAG) IGS) of Atraphaxis with Bactria ovczinnikovii as outgroup. Numbers above or below branches indicate aBayes support values (aB) equal or more than 0.7 and the posterior probabilities from Bayesian analysis (PP), equal or more than 0.9, respectively. The names of subclades are in the text.
FIGURE 3 in A broadly sampled 3-loci plastid phylogeny of Atraphaxis (Polygoneae, Polygonoideae, Polygonaceae) reveals new taxa: III. A. kuvaevii and сryptic species in A. pungens from Southern Siberia and Northern Mongolia
FIGURE 3. Maximum likelihood tree of Atraphaxis inferred from nuclear ribosomal DNA ITS1–2 regions, aligned according to the prerRNA secondary structure of the ITS1 and ITS2 loci. Numbers above or below indicate aBayes support values (aB) equal or more than 0.7 and the posterior probabilities from Bayesian analysis (PP), equal or more than 0.9, respectively. The names of ribotypes see in the text.
FIGURE 12 in A broadly sampled 3-loci plastid phylogeny of Atraphaxis (Polygoneae, Polygonoideae, Polygonaceae) reveals new taxa: III. A. kuvaevii and сryptic species in A. pungens from Southern Siberia and Northern Mongolia
FIGURE 12. Atraphaxis pungens (M.Bieb.) Jaub. & Spach.: leaf blades of short (A–B) and long (C) shoots, flowers (D–F, H–I), styles (G), and fruits (J–L). A, D—(192) RUSSIA. Tuva: the West Sayan, Kartushibinskii ridge, Semiozersk Slaughterhouse, 13 June 1980, Shaulo & Danilov 3845 (MHA). B, E–G—the same, 3867 (NSK). C, H, K, L—(303) RUSSIA. Tuva: Ordzhonikidze Raion, Iyus vill., Mt Sunduk, 05 July 2014, Kostikov & Kostikova (MW). I, J—(304) RUSSIA. Tuva, Pii-Khem Raion, Shivilig vill., 26 July 2015, Kostikov & Kostikova (MW). Scale Bar = 1 µm (A, B, I); = 2 µm (C, H), = 0.2 µm (D, G, L); = 0.5 µm (E, F, J, K).
FIGURE 8 in A broadly sampled 3-loci plastid phylogeny of Atraphaxis (Polygoneae, Polygonoideae, Polygonaceae) reveals new taxa: III. A. kuvaevii and сryptic species in A. pungens from Southern Siberia and Northern Mongolia
FIGURE 8. Distributional map of Atraphaxis species in RUSSIA: Tuva, based on plastid haplotypes: 1—A. pungens. 2—A. ledebourii. 3—A. × uyukensis. 4—A. decipiens. 5—A. decipiens × A. pungens. 6—A. kuvaevii. 7—A. decipiens × A. ledebourii.
FIGURE 5 in A broadly sampled 3-loci plastid phylogeny of Atraphaxis (Polygoneae, Polygonoideae, Polygonaceae) reveals new taxa: III. A. kuvaevii and сryptic species in A. pungens from Southern Siberia and Northern Mongolia
FIGURE 5. Atraphaxis kuvaevii Yurtseva sp. nov.: leaf blades (A), perianth (B, C), styles (D, E), and fruit (F). A, E–F—(154) RUSSIA. Krasnoyarskii Krai: the West Sayan, Sayano-Shushensky Nature Reserve, left board of the Sayano-Shushenskii water reservoir, above the Kalbakmys river, stony mountain steppe, 615 m, 3 July 1987, Kuvaev & Sonnikova 1015-13 (MW0061320— holotypus). B–D—(155) RUSSIA. Krasnoyarskii Krai, the West Sayan, Sayano-Shushensky Nature Reserve, Taldy-Chaz stream, 3 July 1987. Kuvaev & Sonnikova 1013-6 (MW0061321). Scale bar = 1 mm (A–C); = 0.5 mm (D–F).
FIGURE 19 in A broadly sampled 3-loci plastid phylogeny of Atraphaxis (Polygoneae, Polygonoideae, Polygonaceae) reveals new taxa: III. A. kuvaevii and сryptic species in A. pungens from Southern Siberia and Northern Mongolia
FIGURE 19. Atraphaxis decipiens × A. ledebourii (238) RUSSIA. Tuva: Ulug-Khem Raion, the Uyuk ridge, Bayan-Kol ferry, 6 August 1976, Lomonosova & Ivanova 2408 (MHA). A—leaf blade. B—fragment of a thyrse. C—perianth. D—fruit. E—styles on unripe fruit. F—styles on ripe fruit. Scale Bar: = 1 µm (A–C, D); = 0.5 µm (E); = 0.2 µm (F).
FIGURE 18 in A broadly sampled 3-loci plastid phylogeny of Atraphaxis (Polygoneae, Polygonoideae, Polygonaceae) reveals new taxa: III. A. kuvaevii and сryptic species in A. pungens from Southern Siberia and Northern Mongolia
FIGURE 18. Atraphaxis decipiens × A. ledebourii (A–E) and A. ledebourii × A. decipiens (F). A, B, C—(238) RUSSIA. Tuva: Ulug-Khem Raion, the Uyuk ridge, Bayan-Kol ferry, 6 Aug 1976, Lomonosova & Ivanova 2408 (MHA). D—(254) RUSSIA. Tuva: Erzin Raion, Naryn, 12 July 1972, Krasnoborov & Kosinets 3662 (LE). E—(306) RUSSIA. Tuva: Ulug-Khem Raion, the Senek river, 25 June 1977, Neifeld & Margasova (MHA). F—(246) RUSSIA. Tuva: Ulug-Khem Raion, N of Seserlig vill., 30 July 1974, Lomonosova & Kurlaev 2956 (MHA).
FIGURE 4 in A broadly sampled 3-loci plastid phylogeny of Atraphaxis (Polygoneae, Polygonoideae, Polygonaceae) reveals new taxa: III. A. kuvaevii and сryptic species in A. pungens from Southern Siberia and Northern Mongolia
FIGURE 4. Holotype of Atraphaxis kuvaevii Yurtseva sp. nov.: RUSSIA. Krasnoyarskii Krai: the West Sayan, Sayano-Shushensky Nature Reserve, left board of the Sayano-Shushenskii water reservoir, above the Kalbakmys river, stony mountain steppe, 615 m, 3 July 1987, Kuvaev & Sonnikova 1015-13 (holotype MW0061320)
FIGURE 14 in A broadly sampled 3-loci plastid phylogeny of Atraphaxis (Polygoneae, Polygonoideae, Polygonaceae) reveals new taxa: III. A. kuvaevii and сryptic species in A. pungens from Southern Siberia and Northern Mongolia
FIGURE 14. Atraphaxis × uyukensis Yurtseva nom. provis.: leaf blade (A), perianth in fruiting (B), fruit (C). styles in young flower (D, E, F). A–C—(301) RUSSIA. Tuva: Kyzyl Raion, Kara-Khaak vill., 27 July 2015, Kostikov & Kostikova (MW). D–G—(241) RUSSIA. Tuva: Kyzyl Raion, the Uyuk ridge, the right bank of the Big Yenisey opposite Kara-Khaak vill., 1 June 2013, Doronkin T 212 (NSK). H, I—(311) RUSSIA. Tuva: Pii-Khem Raion, mouth of the Uyuk river, 31 May 1988, Shaulo & Shaulo 11 / 560 (NSK) Scale Bar: = 2 µm (A); =1 µm (B, D–F, H); = 0.2 µm (C, G, I).
FIGURE 11. A in A broadly sampled 3-loci plastid phylogeny of Atraphaxis (Polygoneae, Polygonoideae, Polygonaceae) reveals new taxa: III. A. kuvaevii and сryptic species in A. pungens from Southern Siberia and Northern Mongolia
FIGURE 11. A. × uyukensis Yurtseva, nom. provis. A, D—(241) RUSSIA. Tuva: Kyzyl Raion, spurs of the Uyuk ridge, the right bank of the Big-Khem (Big Yenisey) river above the mouth of the Seserlig river, opposite the vill. Kara-Khaak. nanophyton steppe, 600 m, 51°54'14''N, 94°25'30"E, 1 June 2013, Doronkin. T 212 (NSK). B, E—(311) RUSSIA. Tuva: Pii-Khem Raion, the West Sayan, mouth of the Uyuk river, rocks, 52°07'N, 94°20'E, 31 May 1988, Shaulo & Shulo NS-11 / 560 (NSK). C, D—RUSSIA. Tuva: Pii-Khem Raion, the West Sayan, the Uyuk ridge, mouth of the Uyuk river, 9 August 1986, Shaulo & Zhdanova 312 (NSK).
FIGURE 17 in A broadly sampled 3-loci plastid phylogeny of Atraphaxis (Polygoneae, Polygonoideae, Polygonaceae) reveals new taxa: III. A. kuvaevii and сryptic species in A. pungens from Southern Siberia and Northern Mongolia
FIGURE 17. Atraphaxis pungens × A. decipiens (A–C) and A. decipiens × A. pungens (D–F): leaf blades (A, B, D), fruit (C), and flowers (E, F). A–C—(302) RUSSIA. Tuva, Barun-Khemchik Raion, Shekpeer vill. 03 Aug 2015. Kostikov & Kostikova (MW). D–F—(307) RUSSIA: Tuva, Kyzyl Raion, Kara-Khaak vill. 27 July 2015. Kostikov & Kostikova (MW). Scale Bar: = 2 µm (A, B); = 1 µm (D–F); = 0.5 µm (C).
FIGURE 13 in A broadly sampled 3-loci plastid phylogeny of Atraphaxis (Polygoneae, Polygonoideae, Polygonaceae) reveals new taxa: III. A. kuvaevii and сryptic species in A. pungens from Southern Siberia and Northern Mongolia
FIGURE 13. Atraphaxis ledebourii Yurtseva sp. nov.: leaf blades at short shoots (A) and long shoots (B), flowers (C, G), styles (D, E, H), and fruits (F, I). A—(233) RUSSIA. Altai Rep.: Kosh-Agach Raion, the Chuya river, 5 km above the mouth of the Chagan-Uzun river, 23 July 1995, Kamelin (LE). B–F—(234) RUSSIA. Altai Rep.: Kosh-Agach Raion, the Kyzylshin river above Kokorya vill., 19 August 2000, Kamelin et al. 2227 (ALTB). G, H—(300) RUSSIA. Altai Rep.: Onguday Raion, between the vill. Kupchegen and Inya, 8 July 2015, Kostikov & Kostikova (NSK). I—(296) RUSSIA. Tuva: Chaa-Khol' Raion, Sayano-Shushenskii reservoir, steppe slope, 12 Jul 2014, Kostikov & Kostikova (MW). Scale Bar: = 1 µm (A, C, G, F); = 2 µm (B), = 0.2 µm (D, H); = 0.5 µm (E, I).
FIGURE 2 in A broadly sampled 3-loci plastid phylogeny of Atraphaxis (Polygoneae, Polygonoideae, Polygonaceae) reveals new taxa: III. A. kuvaevii and сryptic species in A. pungens from Southern Siberia and Northern Mongolia
FIGURE 2. Distributional map of Atraphaxis species in Southern Siberia based on plastid haplotypes: 1—A. pungens. 2—A. ledebourii. 3—A. × uyukensis. 4—A. davurica. 5—A. decipiens. 6—A. decipiens × A. pungens. 7—A. frutescens. 8—A. kuvaevii. 9—A. decipiens × A. ledebourii. 10—A.selengensis.
FIGURE 16 in A broadly sampled 3-loci plastid phylogeny of Atraphaxis (Polygoneae, Polygonoideae, Polygonaceae) reveals new taxa: III. A. kuvaevii and сryptic species in A. pungens from Southern Siberia and Northern Mongolia
FIGURE 16. Atraphaxis decipiens (A, B, G), A. pungens × A. decipiens (C, D), A. pungens (E, F), and A. decipiens × A. pungens (H–I). A—(310) A. decipiens, RUSSIA. Tuva: Ulug-Khem Raion, Khayyrakan vill., 01 August 2015, Kostikov & Kostikova (MW). B—(312) A. decipiens, RUSSIA. Tuva: Pii-Khem Raion, the Uyuk ridge, the steep bank of the Yenisey River, 09 July 2014, Kostikov & Kostikova (NSK). C–D—(309) A. pungens × A. decipiens, RUSSIA. Tuva: Barun-Khemchik Raion, Shekpeer vill., 03 August 2015, Kostikov & Kostikova (MW). E–F—(302) A. pungens × A. decipiens, idem (MW). G—A. decipiens, RUSSIA. Tuva: Kyzyl Raion, Kara-Khaak vill., 28 July 2015, Kostikov & Kostikova (MW). H, I—(307) A. decipiens × A. pungens, RUSSIA. Tuva: Kyzyl Raion, Kara-Khaak vill., 27 July 2015, Kostikov &. Kostikova (MW).
Monotropoid Ericaceae 102-locus nuclear sequences matrices and plastid locus sequence matrix
<p>Monotropoideae (Ericaceae) is a wholly leafless and holomycotrophic group of primarily temperate herbs with centers of diversity in western North America and east Asia. The eleven genera are structurally diverse and also vegetatively reduced, making relationships difficult to assess based on morphology. Previous molecular analyses have focused primarily on segments of the ribosomal RNA repeat and yielded sometimes conflicting topologies. We employed a genomic sampling approach to obtain 102 nuclear loci and plastid coding loci for nine of the genera, as well as sampling ITS-26S and plastid <em>rps2</em> for a broader set of accessions via PCR and Sanger sequencing Data filtering for character completeness had a clear effect on relationships and branch support. Nuclear and plastid loci agree on a topology that resolves <em>Allotropa</em> and <em>Hemitomes</em> as sisters and <em>Monotropsis</em> sister to <em>Eremotropa</em>+<em>Monotropa</em>+<em>Monotropastrum</em>, relationships that were unclear from previous analyses. <em>Hypopitys</em> should be recognized as distinct from <em>Monotropa</em>, with previous ambiguity in <em>rps2</em> relationships here explained by the existence of plastid and mitochondrial paralogs. Comparison of branch lengths between nuclear and plastid loci reveals increased rates of change in plastid sequences in most cases, especially in <em>Monotropsis</em> and <em>Monotropa</em>, but the reverse situation in <em>Pityopus</em>, with nuclear branches being unusually long, possibly indicating cryptic diversity. Parallel shifts in plant form to a ground-level floral display correlate with shifts from capsular to berry fruits and reduction in species ranges. The optimal tree from molecular data requires significant parallelism and/or reversal in morphological features due to the placement of <em>Allotropa</em> and <em>Hemitomes</em>.</p>
Fig. 1 in Allopolyploid origin of the Balkan endemic Ranunculus wettsteinii (Ranunculaceae) inferred from nuclear and plastid DNA sequences
Fig. 1 Phylogenetic tree for Ranunculus species based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences. a Consensus tree inferred from the six most parsimonious trees (CI=0.72; RI=0.93). Numbers above branches show bootstrap values (3,000 replicates). b Majority-rule consensus of
FIGURE 4. Bulbophyllum cambodianum. Two Bulbophyllum cambodianum specimens with different flower morphology. B. cambodianum I in Molecular phylogenetics of species of Bulbophyllum sect. Trias (Orchidaceae; Epidendroideae; Malaxidae) based on nrITS and plastid rbcL and matK
FIGURE 4. Bulbophyllum cambodianum. Two Bulbophyllum cambodianum specimens with different flower morphology. B. cambodianum I (A) has pale yellow flower with purple dots on the sepals, both edges of petals and proximal half of the lip, with the top sepal and the lateral sepals shapes being slightly different and the top being slightly slender than the lateral. B. cambodianum II (B), on the other hand, has equally shaped sepals, with purple dots on its flower that are slightly darker and more densely distributed in the proximal end of sepals than in the apex and having darker purple dots that cover the petals including the lip very densely with its dorsal sepal bent forward at almost a 90–degree angle.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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