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101 results for “population fluctuation”

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dryad28/100

Data from: Overestimation of the adaptive substitution rate in fluctuating populations

Estimating the proportion of adaptive substitutions (α) is of primary importance to uncover the determinants of adaptation in comparative genomic studies. Several methods have been proposed to estimate α from patterns polymorphism and divergence in coding sequences. However, estimators of α can be biased when the underlying assumptions are not met. Here we focus on a potential source of bias, i.e., variation through time in the long term population size (N) of the considered species. We show via simulations that ancient demographic fluctuations can generate severe overestimations of α, and this irrespective of the recent population history.

opencc-zeroDec 2017View details →

dryad28/100

Data from: Large fluctuations in the effective population size of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae s.s. during vector control cycle

On Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea, indoor residual spraying (IRS) has been part of the Bioko Island Malaria Control Project since early 2004. Despite success in reducing childhood infections, areas of high transmission remained on the island. We therefore examined fluctuations in the effective population size (N_e) of the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae in an area of persistent high transmission over two spray rounds. We analyzed data for 13 microsatellite loci from 791 An. gambiae specimens collected at 6 time points in 2009 and 2010 and reconstructed the demographic history of the population during this period using Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC). Our analysis shows that IRS rounds have a big impact on N_e, reducing it by 65% to 92% from pre-spray round N_e. More importantly our analysis shows that after 3-5 months, the An. gambiae population rebounded by 2,818% compared to shortly following the spray round. Our study underscores the importance of adequate spray round frequency to provide continuous suppression of mosquito populations, and that increased spray round frequency should substantially improve the efficacy of IRS campaigns. It also demonstrates the ability of ABC to reconstruct a detailed demographic history across only a few tens of generations in a large population.

opencc-zeroDec 2012View details →

zenodo28/100

Fig. 1 in Fluctuating Asymmetry As A Tool In Identifying Population Stress In Hungarian Populations Of Bombina Bombina, B. Variegata And Their Hybrids

Fig. 1. Mean asymmetry compared among the two pure species and their hybrids for: a) femur and b) tibia length. Bars represent 95% confidence intervals

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2012View details →

zenodo28/100

Vaccinate a fluctuating population

<p>This code is used to generate the figures displayed in the Journal of Applied Ecology paper, "When to vaccinate a fluctuating wildlife population: is timing everything?".</p>

openother-openNov 2019View details →

dryad28/100

Data from: Escherichia coli populations in unpredictably fluctuating environments evolve to face novel stresses through enhanced efflux activity

There is considerable understanding about how laboratory populations respond to predictable (constant or deteriorating environment) selection for single environmental variables such as temperature or pH. However, such insights may not apply when selection environments comprise multiple variables that fluctuate unpredictably, as is common in nature. To address this issue, we grew replicate laboratory populations of Escherichia coli in nutrient broth whose pH and concentrations of salt (NaCl) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were randomly changed daily. After ~170 generations, the fitness of the selected populations had not increased in any of the three selection environments. However, these selected populations had significantly greater fitness in four novel environments which have no known fitness-correlation with tolerance to pH, NaCl or H2O2. Interestingly, contrary to expectations, hypermutators did not evolve. Instead, the selected populations evolved an increased ability for energy-dependent efflux activity that might enable them to throw out toxins, including antibiotics, from the cell at a faster rate. This provides an alternate mechanism for how evolvability can evolve in bacteria and potentially lead to broad-spectrum antibiotic resistance, even in the absence of prior antibiotic exposure. Given that environmental variability is increasing in nature, this might have serious consequences for public health.

opencc-zeroDec 2014View details →

zenodo28/100

Figure 2 in Fluctuating asymmetry in populations of the South American frog Physalaemus cuvieri (Leptodactylidae) in areas with different degrees of disturbance

Figure 2. Morphological characters analysed for fluctuating asymmetry in Physalaemus cuvieri.

opennotspecifiedJan 2016View details →

zenodo28/100

Fluctuating environments promote evolvability by shaping adaptive variation accessible to populations (Data)

<p>Data used in "Fluctuating environments promote evolvability by shaping adaptive variation accessible to populations", along with the scripts and analysis files. These include the configuration files used for Avida and the Wright-Fisher simulations. </p>

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2023View details →

dryad28/100