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172 results for “ranging patterns”
Fig. 7 in Phylogeographic patterns of genetic diversity in the common spadefoot toad, Pelobates fuscus (Anura: Pelobatidae), reveals evolutionary history, postglacial range expansion and secondary contact
Fig. 7 Predictive potential niche models (black areas) of Pelobates f. fuscus (a and c) and P. f. vespertinus (b and d) for Last Glacial Maximum based on the MIROC (a and b) and CCSM (c and d) models. Models are above the average 10-percentile training threshold.
Fig. 5 A in Phylogeographic patterns of genetic diversity in the common spadefoot toad, Pelobates fuscus (Anura: Pelobatidae), reveals evolutionary history, postglacial range expansion and secondary contact
Fig. 5 A multilocus cline at four diagnostic allozyme loci along transect in the contact zone of Pelobates fuscus fuscus and P. f. vespertinus. The vertical axis shows the frequency of genetic variants diagnostic for P. f. fuscus (variation diagnostic for P. f. vespertinus is the inverse)
Fig. 2 in Phylogeographic patterns of genetic diversity in the common spadefoot toad, Pelobates fuscus (Anura: Pelobatidae), reveals evolutionary history, postglacial range expansion and secondary contact
Fig. 2 Unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean phenogram (a) and neighbor-joining tree (b) showing genetic (allozyme) relationship among the Pelobates species populations sampled based on Nei's (1978) unbiased genetic distance (DNei); bootstrap values ≥ 70 %. Correspondence analysis of allele frequencies among the studied samples of P. fuscus (c), where dark circles represent P. f. vespertinus samples, gray circles are samples from the contact zone from Kursk Province of Russia, open circles are P. f. fuscus samples from Eastern
FIGURE 5 in The endemic and range restricted vascular plants of Croatia: diversity, distribution patterns and their conservation status
FIGURE 5 (a) Correlation between the proportion of endemic species and specific richness in Croatia and several other areas (circle—non- European areas, triangle—European areas) (r = 0.312, p <0.05): areas above the diagonal line exhibit less than the expected endemism, and areas below the line exhibit more than the expected endemism (Croatia (EndS)—Endemics only, Croatia (RRS)—range restricted species and endemics). The compiled data are from Médail & Verlaque (1997), Georghiou & Delipetrou (2010), Casazza et al. (2005), Goldblatt (1997), Grooombridge (1992). (b) Correlation between the proportion of endemic plant taxa with respect to the total flora in a sample of European countries and areas and in eighteen latitude classes (based on the broad position of the country centroid) (r = 0.64, p <0.05).
FIGURE 4 in The endemic and range restricted vascular plants of Croatia: diversity, distribution patterns and their conservation status
FIGURE 4 (a) Relationship between number of taxa (EndS + RRS) and the longitude-latitude ratio: numbers of taxa found in southeast are higher than the numbers of taxa found in northwest Croatia (based on 1 km2 grid cells) (r = 0.09, p <0.05). (b) The altitudinal distribution of taxa within 100 m altitudinal belts.
FIGURE 3 in The endemic and range restricted vascular plants of Croatia: diversity, distribution patterns and their conservation status
FIGURE 3 Maps depicting the number of (a) endemic (EndS) and (b) range restricted species (RRS) per grid cell.
FIGURE 2 in The endemic and range restricted vascular plants of Croatia: diversity, distribution patterns and their conservation status
FIGURE 2 Histogram showing the numbers of endemic (EndS) and range restricted species (RRS) in each of the five biogeographic region in Croatia: Mediterranean (Med), Continental (Con), Alpine (Alp), and Pannonian (Pan). Taxa belonging to two regions were also specified, while taxa more widespread to more than two regions were reported as 'W'. In case the distribution data was not sufficient, taxa were considered as data deficient (DD).
Data from: Sex-specific shifts in morphology and colour pattern polymorphism during range expansion of an invasive lizard
Aim: Human-assisted range expansion of animals to new environments can lead to phenotypic shifts over ecological timescales.We investigated whether phenotypic changes are sex-specific using an invasive lizard (Lampropholis delicata). Location: Pacific region (Hawaiian Islands, Lord Howe Island, New Zealand, eastern Australia) Methods: Using our knowledge of theintroduction history of L. delicata, we examined museum specimens of individuals collected across the native and introduced range to determine whether shifts in morphologyor colour pattern polymorphism had occurred during its range expansion, and if so, whether they differed between the sexes. Results: Sexual dimorphism in both size and shape was documented within the native range of the delicate skink. However, during range expansion, phenotypic shifts were observed in shape, but not size. In two of the three invasive populations, these phenotypic shifts were sex-specific. In the Hawaiian Islands, changes in shape were driven by males, whereas in New Zealand it was due to shifts in females.Similarly, changes in the frequency of a colour pattern polymorphism, a mid-lateral stripe shown to have sex-specific impacts on fitness (positive in females, negative in males), occurred following colonisation of the Hawaiian Islands and Lord Howe Island. In Hawaii, the incidence of the polymorphism increased over time in females, and decreased in males. Main conclusions: Phenotypic shifts during the range expansion of invasive species may be sex-specific, and are potentially related to the degree of realised niche shift that has occurred between the source and introduced range.
Data from: Roads to isolation: similar genomic history patterns in two species of freshwater crabs with contrasting environmental tolerances and range sizes
Freshwater species often show high levels of endemism and risk of extinction owing to their limited dispersal abilities. This is exemplified by the stenotopic freshwater crab, Johora singaporensis which is one of the world's 100 most threatened species, and currently inhabits less than 0.01 km2 of five low order hill streams within the highly urbanized island city‐state of Singapore. We compared populations of J. singaporensis with that of the non‐threatened, widespread, abundant, and eurytopic freshwater crab, Parathelphusa maculata, and found surprisingly high congruence between their population genomic histories. Based on 2,617 and 2,470 genome‐wide SNPs mined via the double‐digest restriction‐associated DNA sequencing method for ~90 individuals of J. singaporensis and P. maculata, respectively, the populations are strongly isolated (FST = 0.146–0.371), have low genetic diversity for both species (also for COI), and show signatures of recent genetic bottlenecks. The most genetically isolated populations for both species are separated from other populations by one of the oldest roads in Singapore. These results suggest that anthropogenic developments may have impacted stream‐dependent species in a uniform manner, regardless of ubiquity, habitat preference, or dispersal modes of the species. While signs of inbreeding were not detected for the critically endangered species, the genetic distinctiveness and low diversity of the populations call for genetic rescue and connecting corridors between the remaining fragments of the natural habitat.
GARD 1.5 range shapefiles used in: Global diversity patterns are explained by diversification rates at ancient, not shallow, timescales
Explaining global species richness patterns is a "Holy Grail" of ecology and evolution. These richness patterns are often attributed to spatial variation in diversification rates (speciation minus extinction). Surprisingly, prominent studies of birds, fish, and angiosperms reported higher diversification rates at higher latitudes (mismatched with richness). Yet these studies only examined diversification rates at relatively recent timescales. Here, we quantify global richness patterns among lizard and snake species (10,213; 94%) and explore their underlying causes. We found that diversification rates at more recent timescales in squamates also show mismatched patterns of rates and richness. However, diversification rates at deeper timescales were positively related to richness. These observations may help resolve the paradoxical results of previous studies. Remarkably, these diversification patterns are largely unrelated to climate. Instead, higher tropical richness is related to ancient occupation of tropical regions. Thus, these large-scale diversity patterns are only understood by considering climate, deep-time diversification rates, and the time spent in different regions.
FIGURE 3 in Faunistic relations between the ranges of the Eastern Arc mountains: relocation of Peronura hildebrandtiana Karsch, 1889 (Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae), the description of the male and implications from its phylogeographical pattern
FIGURE 3. Abdominal apices of male Peronura species. A. P. clavigera. B. P. uguenoensis. C. P. hildebrandtiana.
FIGURE 2 in Faunistic relations between the ranges of the Eastern Arc mountains: relocation of Peronura hildebrandtiana Karsch, 1889 (Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae), the description of the male and implications from its phylogeographical pattern
FIGURE 2. Abdominal apices of Peronura hildebrandtiana female (A) and P. uguenoensis (B); small tubercles produced by tenth abdominal tergite (arrow). Scale bar: 5 mm.
FIGURE 1. Peronura species. A, D. P in Faunistic relations between the ranges of the Eastern Arc mountains: relocation of Peronura hildebrandtiana Karsch, 1889 (Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae), the description of the male and implications from its phylogeographical pattern
FIGURE 1. Peronura species. A, D. P. clavigera, male (A), Tanzania, West Kilimanjaro, Savanna grassland at 1300 m and female (D), Kenya, Karen, lower Ngong Hills at 1800 m. B, E. P. uguenoensis, male (B), North Pare mountains, Kiverenge Hill, submontane grassland 1400 m and female (E), same locality as male. C, F. P. hildebrandtiana, male (C), Kenya, Taita Hills, Ngangao forest reserve, forest edge, 1900 and female (F), same locality as male.
FIGURE 5 in Faunistic relations between the ranges of the Eastern Arc mountains: relocation of Peronura hildebrandtiana Karsch, 1889 (Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae), the description of the male and implications from its phylogeographical pattern
FIGURE 5. Map of East Africa in the area of the northern branch of the Eastern Arc mountains with distribution of Peronura hildebrandtiana and P. uguenoensis. Map modified from: Karte des Forschungsgebietes der Graf Samuel Telekischen Expedition in Ost-Afrika 1887–88.
Data for: Seasonal home range and habitat selection patterns of sika deer Cervus nippon in southern Hokkaido, Japan
<p>In 1980 and 1981, eight and nine individual sika deer <em>Cervus nippon</em> were reintroduced in southern Hokkaido, Japan, respectively, to address population declines in this species during 1900s. As recent population growth has led to human–wildlife conflicts, this study investigated the responses of sika deer to resource availability and geomorphic factors during the summer and winter seasons in southern Hokkaido. Global positioning system-collared data collected from 2016 to 2018 were used to assess the home range patterns and habitat selection of 14 female sika deer located in Mount Esan and Shiriuchi. The core home range size was defined using a 50% kernel density estimation that indicated a larger home range in winter than summer for all deer. Habitat selection was assessed using generalized linear mixed models. The results showed variation in habitat selection between resident deer of Mount Esan and Shiriuchi, as well as migratory deer in Shiriuchi during summer. Resident deer in Mount Esan and Shriuchi preferred areas closer to crops during summer. Interaction effects revealed that migratory deer utilized natural grassland close to forest edge habitat in Shiriuchi. By contrast, resident deer in Shiriuchi selected forest edge habitat and natural grasslands close to crops. In winter, low elevation was the most important habitat factor for all deer across the study area. Thus, sika deer habitat selection depends on resource availability in summer and topographic factors in the winter.</p>
Macroecological patterns in European butterflies unveil strong interrelations between larval diet breadth, latitudinal range size, and voltinism
<p>Diet breadth is one of the fundamental species traits of an herbivorous insect, as it strongly determines its ecological niche and, at the same time, its ability to cope with changing environmental conditions. To what extent this trait is associated with other characteristics that may influence a species' ability to respond to environmental changes, however, is yet poorly understood. Using European butterflies as a model group of holometabolous insect herbivores, we here tested whether larval diet breadth is positively related with latitudinal range size (i.e., north-south extent of global distribution), voltinism, and adult body size. We further investigated whether range size, voltinism, and body size are associated with each other. In order to test for these relationships, we based our analyses on a solid, time-calibrated butterfly phylogeny as well as on an updated host plant database that reflects interactions between butterfly larvae and their food plants in a yet unparalleled breadth and depth. We further calculated two measures to reflect the fundamental dietary niche of a species: taxonomic diet breadth and phylogenetic diet breadth. Irrespective of diet breadth measure, we found that diet breadth increases with latitudinal range size. We further found an overall higher diet breadth for species that are capable of realising multiple broods per year (i.e., multivoltine species) compared to obligatorily univoltine species. Contrary to expectation, our results indicated a negative relationship between larval diet breadth and adult body size. Regarding our explorative analyses, we observed a positive link between voltinism and latitudinal range size, while neither one of these variables was associated with body size. Taken together, our study shows that larval diet breadth, latitudinal range size, and voltinism are positively linked in European butterflies, and we argue that these interrelationships are important in determining a species' overall potential to cope with changing environmental conditions.</p>
Data from: Genetic differentiation of the pine processionary moth at the southern edge of its range: contrasting patterns between mitochondrial and nuclear markers
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Data from: Patterns of genetic diversity reveal multiple introductions and recurrent founder effects during range expansion in invasive populations of Geranium carolinianum (Geraniaceae)
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Data from: Patterns of selection and allele diversity of class I and class II major histocompatibility loci across the species range of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka)
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Data from: Effects of contemporary shifts of range margins on patterns of genetic structure and mating system in two coastal plant species
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OpenNeuro
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