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430 results for “reproductive success”
Prey availability influences the effect of boldness on reproductive success in a mammalian predator
<p>Boldness is an important trait in wild populations and among-individual differences can link to individual fitness<span>. </span>The strength and direction of relationships between behavioral and life-history traits may however vary according to environmental conditions, where fluctuating selection acting on behavioral traits contributes to the maintenance of personality differences. <span>We </span>explored sources of variation in <span>Arctic fox (<em>Vulpes</em> <em>lagopus</em>) boldness </span>and <span>investigated how temporal variation in the abundance of a main prey (lemmings) influences the relationship between fox boldness and reproductive success. We measured the behavioral reaction of individuals when escaping after handling, as an indicator of their boldness. We obtained 70 measurements from 42 individuals </span>during two years of low lemming abundance and two years of high lemming abundance<span> and assessed fox litter size as an indicator of reproductive success. First, individual characteristics (age, sex, mass) did not affect Arctic fox boldness, while individual identity generated variation in boldness. Next, </span>we found that during years of low lemming density, individuals behaving boldly had more pups than those behaving less boldly, suggesting boldness may provide an advantage when lemmings are scarce by increasing hunting success or allowing access to alternative resources. However, all <span>individuals tended to show high levels of boldness when lemming density was high, and all produced large litters. </span>Temporal variation in the abundance of a main prey might therefore influence the relation between boldness and reproductive success of a predator, and if individuals consistently differ in their level of boldness, fluctuating selection could contribute to the maintenance of personality.</p>
Raw data for: Sex and population differences underlie variation in reproductive success in a warming environment
<p>Current rising temperatures are threatening biodiversity. It is therefore crucial to understand how climate change impacts male and female fertility and whether evolutionary responses can help in coping with heat stress. We use experimental evolution to study male and female fertility during real-time evolution of two historically differentiated populations of <em>Drosophila</em> <em>subobscura</em> under different thermal selection regimes for 23 generations. We aim to (1) tease apart sex-specific differences in fertility after exposure to warming conditions during development, (2) test whether thermal selection can enhance fertility under thermal stress, and (3) address the role of historically distinct genetic backgrounds. Contrary to expectations, heat stress during development had a higher negative impact on female fertility than on male fertility. We did not find clear evidence for enhanced fertility in males or females evolving under warming conditions. Population history had a clear impact on fertility response under thermal stress, particularly in males with those from lower latitudes presenting better performance than their higher latitude counterparts. We show that the impact of thermal stress on fertility varies between traits, sexes and genetic backgrounds. Incorporating these several levels of variation is crucial for a deeper understanding of how fertility evolves under climate change.</p>
Links between personality, reproductive success and re-pairing patterns in a long-lived seabird
<p>In long-lived monogamous species, the trigger of costly re-pairing is not always clear. Limited research suggests that within-pair behavioural compatibility may be an important driver of partnership success, as cooperation should be enhanced when pair members' decisions complement one another. Animals' decision-making processes are influenced by personality traits – defined as individual differences in behaviour that are stable in time. Despite the potential for the personality trait 'boldness' to a) directly impact individual willingness to re-pair and b) indirectly impact re-pairing choices via reproductive success, there is currently little work exploring how re-pairing decisions might be impacted by the pair members' personalities. Using a 13-year dataset, we investigated whether within-pair boldness and its relationship with breeding success explained re-pairing patterns of black-legged kittiwakes (<em>Rissa</em> <em>tridactyla</em>), breeding in two Arctic colonies. We found that pairs with dissimilar boldness levels were more likely to experience breeding failure and that failed pairs were more likely to re-pair the following year. Despite this, only one colony displayed evidence of assortative mating by boldness, and there was no indication that re-pairing impacted reproductive success the following season. Neither individual nor pair boldness directly influenced re-pairing probability, however, in both colonies, re-pairing birds chose partners that were slightly more similar to themselves in boldness than their previous mates. These results imply an indirect pathway by which poorer behavioural compatibility within pairs may lead to breeding failure and ultimately re-pairing. Our findings highlight the importance of behavioural compatibility, and possibly personality, in mitigating sexual conflict and its population-specific drivers.</p>
Heritable variation in thermal profiles is associated with reproductive success in the world's largest bird
<p><span>Organisms inhabiting extreme thermal environments, such as desert birds, have evolved spectacular adaptations to thermoregulate during hot and cold conditions. However, our knowledge of selection for thermoregulation and the potential for evolutionary responses is limited, particularly for large organisms experiencing extreme temperature fluctuations. Here we use thermal imaging to quantify selection and genetic variation in thermoregulation in ostriches (<em>Struthio</em> <em>camelus</em>), the world's largest bird species that is experiencing increasingly volatile temperatures. We found that females that are better at </span><span>regulating their head temperatures ('thermoregulatory capacity') had higher egg-laying rates under hotter conditions. </span><span>Thermoregulatory capacity was both heritable and showed signatures of local adaptation: females originating from more unpredictable climates were better at regulating their head temperatures in response to temperature fluctuations. Together these results reveal that past and present evolutionary processes have shaped genetic variation in thermoregulatory capacity, which appears to protect critical organs, such as the brain, from extreme temperatures during reproduction.</span></p>
Data from: MHC class II supertypes affect survival and lifetime reproductive success in a migratory songbird
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Warm winters lead to early breeding, increased breeding effort, but lower reproductive success, in a threatened habitat specialist
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R code for Snyder, Ellner, and Hooker, "Time and chance: using age partitioning to understand how luck drives variation in reproductive success"
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Save for a rainy day? Simulating how current investment in escaping decisions may affect future reproductive success of males
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Data from: Reproductive success is energetically linked to foraging efficiency in Antarctic fur seals
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Data from: Differential effects of pollen nutritional quality on male and female reproductive success across plant species within a diverse co-flowering community
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Heritable variation in thermal profiles is associated with reproductive success in the world’s largest bird
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No difference in reproductive investment or success across urban and rural breeding pairs in an urban-adapted songbird
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The earlier the better? Nesting timing and reproductive success in subalpine cavity-nesting bees
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Evaluating the predictors of habitat use and successful reproduction in a model bird species using a large scale automated acoustic array
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High population density and large body mass lead to increased reproductive success
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Data: Sex-specific effects of capital resources on reproductive timing and success in red squirrels
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Phyllosphere microbial associations improve plant reproductive success
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Higher sociability leads to lower reproductive success in female kangaroos
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Data from: Site fidelity increases reproductive success by increasing foraging efficiency in a marine predator
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Limited associations between MHC diversity and reproductive success in a bird species with biparental care
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.