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1,637 results for “residency”
Data from: Temporal dynamics of selection on early-life phenotypic plasticity in seasonal migration versus residence
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Divergent molecular networks program functionally distinct CD8+ skin-resident memory T cells
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Residence time in lagoons on the coast of Virginia, 2002 and 2009
To better understand the factors controlling residence time and exchange in coastal bays, a three-dimensional finite-volume coastal ocean model (FVCOM) was set up, validated with field observations, and used to calculate residence times in a system of 14 shallow coastal bays on the Atlantic coast of the USA (Virginia Coast Reserve). Simulations were run using measured tide and with & without wind forcing for November 2002-January 2003 and January-March 2009. Residence times are determined by tracking a large number of neutrally buoyant particles in the FVCOM simulations. Particles were released each high and low tide for the first 30 days of the simulations (30 high-tide and 30 low-tide releases). Each value of residence time is the average elapsed time from when a particle was released to when it exited through an inlet to the ocean. Each line of the table corresponds to a site where particles were released.
Tissue-resident memory Th17 cells maintain stable fungal commensalism in the oral mucosa
<p>Raw data files linked to a manuscript published in Mucosal Immunology 2020 (accepted for publication on July 6th,.2020)</p>
Genomic differentiation and local adaptation on a microgeographic scale in a resident songbird
<p>Elucidating forces capable of driving species diversification in the face of gene flow remains a key goal in evolutionary biology. Song sparrows, Melospiza melodia, occur as 25 subspecies in diverse habitats across North America, are among the continent's most widespread vertebrate species, and are exemplary of many highly variable species for which the conservation of locally adapted populations may be critical to their range-wide persistence. We focus here on six morphologically distinct subspecies resident in the San Francisco Bay region, including three salt-marsh endemics and three residents in upland and riparian habitats adjacent to the Bay. We used reduced-representation sequencing to generate 2,773 SNPs to explore genetic differentiation, spatial population structure, and demographic history. Clustering separated individuals from each of the six subspecies, indicating subtle differentiation at microgeographic scales. Evidence of limited gene flow and low nucleotide diversity across all six subspecies further supports a hypothesis of isolation among locally adapted populations. We suggest that natural selection for genotypes adapted to salt marsh environments and changes in demography over the past century have acted in concert to drive the patterns of diversification reported here. Our results offer evidence of microgeographic specialization in a highly polytypic bird species long discussed as a model of sympatric speciation and rapid adaptation, and they support the hypothesis that conserving locally adapted populations may be critical to the range-wide persistence of similarly highly variable species.</p>
Migrants and residents of a long-lived seabird differ in their behavioural response to a stressor
<p>Inter-individual variation in behaviour has been recognised as a major driver of population ecology, but its relationship to migratory strategy has been ill-explored. Here, we investigated whether male migrant and resident Cory's Shearwaters (<i>Calonectris borealis</i>), a long-lived partially migratory seabird, are distinguishable by their temperament at the colony. We tracked a large number of individuals over two winters using GLS devices and assessed whether exploratory behaviour and reaction to extraction from the nest corresponded to migratory strategy over this period. While exploratory behaviour was unrelated to migratory strategy, birds that were resident were more likely to be unreactive towards extraction from the nest. This difference in behavioural stress response, together with previous findings that migrants display higher physiological stress over winter, suggests that migrants and residents may be distinguishable by their stress threshold.</p>
Dead litter of resident species first facilitates and then inhibits sequential life stages of range-expanding species
<p>1. Resident species can facilitate invading species (biotic assistance) or inhibit their expansion (biotic resistance). Species interactions are often context-dependent and the relative importance of biotic assistance versus resistance could vary with abiotic conditions or the life stage of the invading species, as invader stress tolerances and resource requirements change with ontogeny. In northeast Florida salt marshes, the abundant dead litter (wrack) of the native marsh cordgrass, <em>Spartina alterniflora</em>, could influence the expansion success of the black mangrove, <em>Avicennia germinans</em>, a tropical species that is expanding its range northward.</p> <p>2. We used two field experiments to examine how <em>S. alterniflora</em> wrack affects <em>A. germinans</em> success during 1) propagule establishment and 2) subsequent seedling survival. We also conducted laboratory feeding assays to identify propagule consumers and assess how wrack presence influences herbivory on mangrove propagules.</p> <p>3. <em>S. alterniflora</em> wrack facilitated <em>A. germinans </em>establishment by promoting propagule recruitment, retention, and rooting; the tidal regime influenced the magnitude of these effects. However, over time <em>S. alterniflora</em> wrack inhibited <em>A. germinans</em> seedling success by smothering seedlings and attracting herbivore consumers. Feeding assays identified rodents – which seek refuge in wrack – as consumers of<em> A. germinans </em>propagules.</p> <p>4. Synthesis: Our results suggest that the deleterious effects of <em>S. alterniflora</em> wrack on <em>A. germinans</em> seedling survival counterbalance the initial beneficial effects of wrack on <em>A. germinans</em> seed establishment. Such seed-seedling conflicts can arise when species stress tolerances and resource requirements change throughout development and vary with abiotic conditions. In concert with the tidal conditions, the relative importance of positive and negative interactions with wrack at each life stage can influence the rate of local and regional mangrove expansion. Because interaction strengths can change in direction and magnitude with ontogeny, it is essential to examine resident-invader interactions at multiple life stages and across environmental gradients to uncover the mechanisms of assistance and resistance during invasion.</p>
Impact of nitrogen and phosphorus addition on resident soil and root mycobiomes in beech forests
<p>The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of fertilizers on root-associated and soil residing fungi in beech forests. We report data from a fertilization experiment in three temperate beech forest with contrasting soil phosphorus concentrations. We used soil cores and the fractions of the organic layer and mineral topsoil separately of spring and fall 2018. We collected bulk soil and roots. We provide data on soil for pH, mineral elements, ammonium, nitrate, carbon, nitrogen. We provide data on root mineral nutrients, carbon and nitrogen. Illumina sequencing in soil and roots provides fungal amplicon sequence variant (ASV) and morphotyping of beech fine roots the active colonizing ectomycorrhizal fungi, including diversity parameters.</p>
Data from: Frequency dependence limits divergent evolution by favouring rare immigrants over residents
Two distinct forms of natural selection promote adaptive biological diversity. Divergent selection occurs when different environments favour different phenotypes, leading to increased differences between populations. Negative frequency-dependent selection occurs when rare variants within a population are favoured over common ones, increasing diversity within populations. These two diversifying forces promote genetic variation at different spatial scales, and may act in opposition, but their relative effects remain unclear because they are rarely measured concurrently. Here we show that negative frequency-dependent selection within populations can favor rare immigrants over locally adapted residents. We reciprocally transplanted lake and stream ecotypes of threespine stickleback into lake and stream habitats, while manipulating the relative abundance of residents versus immigrants. We found negative frequency-dependence: survival was highest for the locally rare ecotype, rather than natives. Also, individuals with locally rare major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class IIb genotypes were infected by fewer parasites. This negative frequency-dependent selection will tend to favour rare immigrants over common residents, amplifying the effect of migration and undermining the efficacy of divergent natural selection to drive population differences. The only signal of divergent selection was a tendency for foreign fish to have higher parasite loads than residents, after controlling for MHC genotype rarity. Frequency-dependent ecological interactions have long been thought to promote speciation. Our results suggest a more nuanced view in which negative frequency dependence alters the fate of migrants to promote or constrain evolutionary divergence between populations.
Pittman Residence (Southern Wall)
This model represents a historic cabin in the Florida Ocala National Forest. Built in 1939 by the Civilian Conservation Corps, it housed the state game warden. Later, the house became an administrative building for the forest but was remodeled into a visitor's center in the 1980s. As of right now, the center is closed due to an AC problem, which may have caused uninhibted mold growth. Hopefully, the rest of the structure can be represented via photogrammetry in case it is eventually torn down. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Projeto Elétrico - Resid. E.L.
Projeto de Instalações Elétricas e Cabeamento Estruturado - Residência E.L. - Uberlândia-MG Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Figure 2. - Nesting architecture of Xylocopanasalis; Dissected nests of Xylocopanasalis revealing the nest structure inside the bamboo culm and its residents. Measurements of the nest parameters are shown in Table 1. The diameters of the nests (excluding the nest thickness) were measured at the nest entrance, followed by the vestibulum (antechamber) length, cell length, and the inner most cell length, respectively (2a). Cells containing larvae with pollen masses and their feces were collected and weighted (2b).
Figure 2. - Nesting architecture of Xylocopanasalis; Dissected nests of Xylocopanasalis revealing the nest structure inside the bamboo culm and its residents. Measurements of the nest parameters are shown in Table 1. The diameters of the nests (excluding the nest thickness) were measured at the nest entrance, followed by the vestibulum (antechamber) length, cell length, and the inner most cell length, respectively (2a). Cells containing larvae with pollen masses and their feces were collected and weighted (2b).
Male-female disparity in clinical features and significance of mild vertebral fractures in community-dwelling residents aged 50 and over: A Japanese cohort survey randomly sampled from a basic resident registry
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Projeto Elétrico - Resid. Guilherme e Flávia
Projeto de Inst. Elétricas e Infraestrutura de Cabeamento Estruturado - resid. srs. Guilherme e Flávia - Condomínio Alphaville II - Uberlândia-MG Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Engaging urban residents in the appropriate actions to mitigate human–wildlife conflicts
<p>Data that supports the following publication: Puri, M., Goode, K.O., Johannsen, K.L., and Pienaar, E.F. (2024) <span>Engaging urban residents in the appropriate actions to mitigate </span><span>human–wildlife</span><span> conflicts. <em>Conservation Science and Practice</em>.</span></p> <p><span>Article DOI: 10.1111/csp2.13074</span></p>
Shanghai residents attitudes towards raccoon dogs
<p>Human-wildlife interactions become increasingly common in urban areas across all continents and ecosystem types. Depending on the context, human-wildlife interactions can be categorized as harmonious, neutral, or in conflict and raise cultural, economic, and ecological challenges in maintaining urban biodiversity. Understanding the mechanism behind the tolerance of residents to the presence of wildlife is vital to promoting a harmonious coexistence between humans and wildlife in urban environments. To advance our knowledge of this mechanism, we developed a questionnaire to survey residents in Shanghai, China about their knowledge of and attitude towards raccoon dogs (<em>Nyctereutes procyonoides</em>), a species whose population is increasing in urban areas. Using 281 questionnaires, we conducted structural equation modeling to examine how relational values, including familiarity with raccoon dogs, perceived benefits and risks, together with residents' trust in wildlife management authorities, interactively influence the tolerance for this species. We found that the residents' familiarity with raccoon dogs positively influenced their tolerance, both directly and indirectly through increased perceived benefits and reduced perceived risks. Furthermore, trust in wildlife management authorities contributed to higher tolerance through perceived benefits. Our results suggested that education about the relational values of raccoon dogs to the public can reduce the traditional negative connotation for this species and promote the coexistence of people and raccoon dogs in the Shanghai urban environment. Based on our understanding of how raccoon dogs were culturally constructed and the willingness of residents to share landscapes with the species, we advocate that relational values play an important role in future urban biodiversity conservation planning. We also advocate for education programs that familiarize the public with raccoon dogs as well as other species, which can turn urban human-wildlife conflicts into harmonious relationships in Shanghai and other urban areas.</p>
Data from: Beyond the metropolis: street tree communities and resident perceptions on ecosystem services in small urban centers in India
<p>This dataset includes road transect characteristics, tree data and interview data (linked through transect number) from two cities in India - Kochi and Panjim, collected in 2019-2020 as part of the study:</p> <p>Beyond the metropolis: street tree communities and resident perceptions on ecosystem services in small urban centers in India</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Data for the figures in "In-cloud characteristics observed in US Northeast and Midwest non-orographic winter storms with implications for ice particle mass growth and residence time"
<div> <div>This repository contains data shown in the figures in Allen, L. R., Yuter, S. E., Crowe, D. M., Miller, M. A., and Thornhill, K. L.: "In-cloud characteristics observed in US Northeast and Midwest non-orographic winter storms with implications for ice particle mass growth and residence time," to be submitted to Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics.</div> <div> </div> <div> <div> <div>Description of the original data sources: All of the NASA IMPACTS data are archived by GHRC at https://ghrc.nsstc.nasa.gov/uso/ds_details/collections/impactsC.html (McMurdie et al., 2019). The NSF PLOWS 1-second flight-level data are archived by the UCAR Earth Observing Laboratory at https://data.eol.ucar.edu/dataset/113.063 (UCAR/NCAR - Earth Observing Laboratory, 2011). ERA5 hourly data on pressure levels are available from the Copernicus Climate Data Store at https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/datasets/reanalysis-era5-pressure-levels?tab=overview (Hersbach et al., 2023b). ERA5 hourly single-level data are available from the Copernicus Climate Data Store at https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/datasets/reanalysis-era5-single-levels?tab=overview (Hersbach et al., 2023a).</div> </div> </div> </div>
Inter- and intraspecific selection in alien plants: how population growth, functional traits and climate responses change with residence time
<p><strong>Aim: </strong>When alien species are introduced to new ranges, climate or trait mismatches may initially constrain their population growth. However, inter- and intraspecific selection in the new environment should cause population growth rates to increase with residence time. Using a species-for-time approach, we test whether with increasing residence time (a) negative effects of climatic mismatches between the species' new and native range on population growth weaken, and (b) functional traits converge towards values that maximize population growth in the new range.</p> <p><strong>Location:</strong> Germany.</p> <p><strong>Time period: </strong>12,000 years BP to present.</p> <p><strong>Major taxa studied: </strong>46 plant species of the Asteraceae family.</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> We set up a common-garden mesocosm-experiment using annual plant species with a wide range of residence times (7-12,000 years) and followed their population dynamics over two years. We calculated climatic distance between the common garden and the species' native range. We also measured key functional traits of each species to analyse trait-demography relationships and test trait convergence with increasing residence time.</p> <p><strong>Results: </strong>We found no support for the hypothesis that negative effects of climatic mismatches on population growth weaken with residence time. However, seed mass had a clear negative effect on population growth. As expected under such strong directional selection between or within species, increasing residence time led seed mass to converge to low values that increase population growth. Accordingly, population growth tended to increase with residence time.</p> <p><strong>Main conclusions: </strong>We identify trait but not climatic mismatches as important constraints on population growth of invaders. Understanding how inter- and intraspecific selection shapes functional traits of alien species should improve the predictability of future invasions and help understanding limits to the population growth and spread of invaders already present. In a broader context, this study contributes to the conceptual integration of invasion biology with community, functional, and population ecology.</p>
Self-adjuvanting Nanovaccines Boost Lung-resident CD4+ T Cell Immune Responses in BCG-primed mice
<p>The "readcount_genename.xls" file and "fpkm_genename.xls" file contain gene expression data for genes (gene list is detailed in "gene.xls") in the panel. All data were obtained from bone marrow derived dendritic cells from WT C57BL/6 mice treated with KFE8 nanofibers or mock. All RNA sequencing and subsequent processing was performed by Novogene Corporation.</p> <p>The remaining .xls files contain the differential expression analysis for KFE8 nanofiber treatment at four hours compared with mock (NF4vsC4) or KFE8 nanofiber treatment at sixteen hours compared with mock (NF16vsC16).</p> <p>The "pathway analysis Rcode.R" file contains the code used to generate Reactome pathway analysis for both time points. </p> <p>The "NF16 volc Rcode.R" file contains the code used to generate a volcano plot for the 16 hour time point. </p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
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