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414 results for “sea temperature”
Data for: Low temperature ice nucleation of sea spray and secondary marine aerosols under cirrus cloud conditions
<p>Sea spray aerosols (SSA) represent one of the most abundant aerosol types on a global scale and have been observed at all altitudes including the upper troposphere. SSA has been explored in recent years as a source of ice nucleating particles (INPs) in cirrus clouds due to the ubiquity of cirrus clouds and the uncertainties in their radiative forcing. This study expands upon previous works on low temperature ice nucleation of SSA by investigating the effects of atmospheric aging of SSA and the ice nucleating activity of newly formed secondary marine aerosols (SMA) using an oxidation flow reactor. Polydisperse aerosol distributions were generated from a Marine Aerosol Reference Tank (MART) filled with 120 L of real or artificial seawater and were dried to very low relative humidity to crystallize the salt constituents of SSA prior to their subsequent freezing, which was measured using a Continuous Flow Diffusion Chamber (CFDC). Results show that for both primary SSA (pSSA), and the aged SSA and SMA (aSSA+SMA) at temperatures > 220 K, homogeneous conditions (92–97 % relative humidity with respect to water (RHw)) were required to freeze 1 % of the particles. However, below 220 K, heterogeneous nucleation occurs for both pSSA and aSSA+SMA at much lower RHw, where up to 1 % of the aerosol population freezes between 75–80 % RHw. Similarities between freezing behaviors of the pSSA and aSSA+SMA at all temperatures suggest that the contributions of condensed organics onto the pSSA or alteration of functional groups in pSSA via atmospheric aging did not hinder the major heterogeneous ice nucleation process at these cirrus temperatures that has previously been shown to be dominated by the crystalline salts. Occurrence of 1% frozen fraction of SMA, generated in the absence of primary SSA, was observed at/near water saturation below 220 K, suggesting it is not an effective INP at cirrus temperatures, similar to findings in the literature of other organic aerosols. Thus, any SMA coatings on the pSSA would only decrease the ice nucleation behavior of pSSA if the organic components were able to significantly delay water uptake of the inorganic salts, and apparently, this was not the case. Results from this study demonstrate the ability of lofted primary sea spray particles to remain an effective ice nucleator at cirrus temperatures, even after atmospheric aging has occurred over a period of days in the marine boundary layer prior to lofting. We were not able to address aging processes under upper tropospheric conditions.</p>
Data from: Sea-surface temperature pattern effects have slowed global warming and biased warming-based constraints on climate sensitivity
<p>The observed rate of global warming since the 1970s has been proposed as a strong constraint on equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) and transient climate response (TCR) – key metrics of the global climate response to greenhouse-gas forcing. Using CMIP5/6 models, we show that the inter-model relationship between warming and these climate sensitivity metrics (the basis for the constraint) arises from a similarity in transient and equilibrium warming patterns within the models, producing an effective climate sensitivity (EffCS) governing recent warming that is comparable to the value of ECS governing long-term warming under CO<sub>2</sub> forcing. However, CMIP5/6 historical simulations do not reproduce observed warming patterns. When driven by observed patterns, even high ECS models produce low EffCS values consistent with the observed global warming rate. The inability of CMIP5/6 models to reproduce observed warming patterns thus results in a bias in the modeled relationship between recent global warming and climate sensitivity. Correcting for this bias means that observed warming is consistent with wide ranges of ECS and TCR extending to higher values than previously recognized. These findings are corroborated by energy balance model simulations and coupled model (CESM1-CAM5) simulations that better replicate observed patterns via tropospheric wind nudging or Antarctic meltwater fluxes. Because CMIP5/6 models fail to simulate observed warming patterns, proposed warming-based constraints on ECS, TCR, and projected global warming are biased low. The results reinforce recent findings that the unique pattern of observed warming has slowed global-mean warming over recent decades, and that how the pattern will evolve in the future represents a major source of uncertainty in climate projections.</p>
Data from: Natural thermal stress-hardening of corals through cold temperature pulses in the Thai Andaman Sea
<p>Stress-hardening by environmental priming could increase the odds for corals to resist ocean warming. Natural environmental fluctuations, such as those observed on offshore reefs in the Andaman Sea, provide an ideal natural environment to study these effects. Here, internal waves (IW) generate short cold-water pulses that peak from January to June and are absent from August to November. Additionally, only western shores of islands are exposed to this stress-hardening stimulus of IWs, while eastern shores remain sheltered. Therefore, this study examined (1) whether exposed corals were more heat stress resistant than their sheltered conspecifics and (2) whether this trait would persist during the season of stimulus absence. We exemplify that thermal regimes featuring cold-temperature pulses successfully induced thermal stress-hardening in corals. Corals from the IW-sheltered shore responded strongly to heat stress irrespective of the season, while stress responses of IW-exposed corals were either undetectable (during stimulus presence) or very weak (during stimulus absence). However, this demonstrates the relevance of stimulus re-occurrence in maintaining heat resistance. Furthermore, priming stimuli do not need to exceed certain upper thermal thresholds to be effective and we argue that cooling pulses represent a safer stress-hardening regimen potentially implemented in conservation strategies since it avoids warming-stress accumulation.</p>
Response to Sea Surface Temperature and Primary Productivity to change in Earth's Orbit Eccentricity - Simulations
<p>This dataset contains ocean and ocean biogeochemistry outputs from modeling experiments with present-day geography and various Earth's orbit confiurations. The set of simulation targets the role of Eccentricity on the tropical ocean sea surface temperature and primary productivity (Beaufort & Sarr, 2024) . The simulations have been run using the IPSL-CM5A2 General Circulation Model (Sepulchre et al. 2020 - IPSL-CM5A2 – an Earth system model designed formulti-millennial climate simulations, GMD) and offline version of PISCESv2 model (Aumont et al., 2015 - PISCES-v2: an ocean biogeochemical model for carbon and ecosystem studies, GMD). It includes 4 simulations. Data are monthly averages over the last 100 years of the simulations.</p> <p>Complementary outputs (4 simulations) can be found at https://www.seanoe.org/data/00728/84031/ (Beaufort et al., 2022)</p>
Dataset of the paper "Response of Sea Surface Temperature to Atmospheric Rivers"
<p>Dataset of the paper "Response of Sea Surface Temperature to Atmospheric Rivers", whose manuscript will be submitted by 10/25/2023</p> <p><br>The dataset contains the necessary data to generate the figures in the paper with the code in the link <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10958491">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10958491</a> whose Github reference is <a href="https://github.com/meteorologytoday/paperfigures-2023-AR-SST-response">https://github.com/meteorologytoday/paperfigures-2024-AR-SST-response</a></p> <p> </p>
Measurements of meteorological parameters and subsurface water temperature in the hypersaline Dead Sea in September 2015
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Four organic sea surface temperature proxies (UK'37, TEXH86, RI-OH' and LDI) in the westernmost Mediterranean for the last 35 kyr
<p>We present a high-resolution paleotemperature reconstruction from a marine sediment core (GP04PC) recovered in the westernmost Mediterranean, the Alboran Sea basin, over the last 35 kyr using for the first time in pararell four independent organic sea surface temperature (SST) proxies (U<sup>K'</sup><sub>37</sub>,<sup> </sup>TEX<sup>H</sup><sub>86</sub>,RI-OH' and LDI). We also present the δ<sup>18</sup>O of planktonic foraminifera <em>G. bulloides</em> record together with records of bulk parameters (total organic carbon content, δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>org</sub>) and the accumulation rates of different biomarkers, providing insights in terrestrial input and primary productivity variations. </p> <p>We have also examined the Bayesian calibrations BAYSPLINE for U<sup>K'</sup><sub>37 </sub>and BAYSPAR for TEX<sub>86</sub>, although the non-Bayesian calibrations are used in this study.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Monthly and seasonal climatologies of the mixed layer potential temperature and salinity budgets in the Red Sea
<p>Monthly and seasonal climatologies of the mixed layer temperature and salinity budgets in the Red Sea (RS), analyzed using the outputs of a high-resolution (1/100) ocean general circulation model (MITgcm) covering the period 2001 to 2015 (Krokos et al., 2021).</p> <p>The data support the analysis presented in the paper "Processes governing the seasonal evolution of mixed layers in the Red Sea", accepted for publication in the Journal of Geophysical Research - Oceans.</p> <p>The model diagnostics’ terms include the mixed layer depth (MLD), the surface heat (Qnet) and freshwater fluxes (FW), the mixed layer pot. temperature (MLT) and salinity (MLS), and the surface velocities over the RS.</p> <p>The analyzed budget terms include the tendency of pot. temperature θ and salinity S (TT, ST), the surface fluxes of θ and S (TF, SF), the divergence of the advective fluxes of θ and S (TA, SA), the diffusive flux of θ and S (TD, SD), and processes at the ML base (Tbase, Sbase) that comprise en(de)trainment and the advective and diffusive fluxes acting on the en(de)trained volume.</p> <p>Krokos, G., Cerovečki, I., Zhan, P., Hendershott, M. C., & Hoteit, I. (2021). Seasonal Evolution of Mixed Layers in the Red Sea and the Relative Contribution of Atmospheric Buoyancy and Momentum Forcing, 1–44. Retrieved from http://arxiv.org/abs/2112.08762</p>
Assessment of the sea surface temperature diurnal cycle in CNRM-CM6-1 based on its 1D coupled configuration - model outputs
<p>These tar file are associated with an article submitted to Geoscientific Model Development under identification number gmd-2021-413 (https://www.geoscientific-model-development.net): Assessment of the sea surface temperature diurnal cycle in CNRM-CM6-1 based on its 1D coupled configuration<br> By A. Voldoire, R. Roehrig, H. Giordani, R. Waldman, Y. Zhang, S. Xie, MN Bouin</p> <p>3 files correspond to code components that can be distributed freely</p> <p>- surfex.tgz for the surfex v8.0 distributed under a Cecill-C License</p> <p>- oasis-mct-3.0.tgz for oasis-mct3.0 distributed under a GNU General Public License</p> <p>- nemo_v3.6.tgz for the nemo, distibuted under a Cecill-C License</p> <p>These three components are mainly fortran codes.</p> <p>The last file "<a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/e94922e7-22eb-445b-acc3-03e11ca1af6b/CNRM-CM6-1D_published_experiments.tgz?versionId=2460ec63-89f5-415f-9613-1954f048b238">CNRM-CM6-1D_published_experiments.tgz </a>" contains all model outputs that have been used in this article. These model outputs are in netcdf format and organized by experiment.</p>
Data used in JAMES paper "Sensitivity of the Horizontal Scale of Convective Self‐Aggregation to Sea Surface Temperature in Radiative Convective Equilibrium Experiments Using a Global Nonhydrostatic Model"
<p>Data used in JAMES paper "Sensitivity of the Horizontal Scale of Convective Self‐Aggregation to Sea Surface Temperature in Radiative Convective Equilibrium Experiments Using a Global Nonhydrostatic Model" by Shuhei Matsugishi and Masaki Satoh doi: 10.1029/2021MS002636</p>
Relative importance of meridional and zonal sea surface temperature gradients for the onset of the ice ages and Pliocene-Pleistocene climate evolution
<p>Climatologies from the 3 different model simulations performed for the paper published in Paleoceanography (2010, v25, issue 2, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2009PA001809">https://doi.org/10.1029/2009PA001809</a>). This table shows how the names of the simulations provided here relate to the names in the paper:</p> <table align="center"> <caption>Simulation names for cross-referencing</caption> <thead> <tr> <th scope="col">Name of Files</th> <th scope="col">Name in Article</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>EPSST_T_85.*.nc</td> <td>Early Pliocene Simulation</td> </tr> <tr> <td>New_MZSST_T_85.*.nc</td> <td>Modern Zonal Simulation</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ctl_85_Kerry.*.nc</td> <td>Modern Control Simulation</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>Additionally the NCL script originally used to create all the figures is included. It is called paleoc_onsetNHG_rev.ncl. The abstract of the paper is below:</p> <p>"During the early Pliocene (roughly 4 Myr ago), the ocean warm water pool extended over most of the tropics. Subsequently, the warm pool gradually contracted toward the equator, while midlatitudes and subpolar regions cooled, establishing a meridional sea surface temperature (SST) gradient comparable to the modern about 2 Myr ago (as estimated on the eastern side of the Pacific). The zonal SST gradient along the equator, virtually nonexistent in the early Pliocene, reached modern values between 1 and 2 Myr ago. Here, we use an atmospheric general circulation model to investigate the relative roles of the changes in the meridional and zonal temperature gradients for the onset of glacial cycles and for Pliocene-Pleistocene climate evolution in general. We show that the increase in the meridional SST gradient reduces air temperature and increases snowfall over most of North America, both factors favorable to ice sheet inception. The impacts of changes in the zonal gradient, while also important over North America, are somewhat weaker than those caused by meridional temperature variations. The establishment of the modern meridional and zonal SST distributions leads to roughly 3.2°C and 0.6°C decreases in global mean temperature, respectively. Changes in the two gradients also have large regional consequences, including aridification of Africa (both gradients) and strengthening of the Indian monsoon (zonal gradient). Ultimately, this study suggests that the growth of Northern Hemisphere ice sheets is a result of the global cooling of Earth's climate since 4 Myr rather than its initial cause. Thus, reproducing the correct changes in the SST distribution is critical for a model to simulate the transition from the warm early Pliocene to a colder Pleistocene climate."</p> <p> </p>
CESM2 data for "Ocean complexity shapes sea surface temperature variability in a CESM2 coupled model hierarchy" - submitted to JCLI
<p><strong>CESM2 Experiment names:</strong></p> <ul> <li>FC = fully coupled model, CESM2 (variables freely available on https://esgf-node.llnl.gov/search/cmip6/)</li> <li>MD = mechanically decoupled model, CESM2</li> <li>SOM = slab ocean model, CESM2</li> </ul> <p>All datasets are for pre-industrial forcing (e.g., piControl), nominal 1-degree horizontal resolution </p> <p>---</p> <p>Decoding the files names:</p> <ul> <li><strong>climatology_monthly </strong>= 12 month climatology </li> <li><strong>climatology_annual</strong> = time mean climatology</li> <li><strong>variance</strong> = anomaly variance computed over time</li> </ul> <p>---</p> <p>Variables:</p> <ul> <li><strong>PRECL</strong> = large-scale convective precipitation</li> <li><strong>PRECC</strong> = convective precipitation</li> <li><strong>total precipitation (not provided but can be calculated)</strong> = PRECC + PRECL</li> <li><strong>HMXL</strong> = mixed layer depth</li> <li><strong>SST</strong> = sea surface temperature </li> </ul> <p><strong>Files for the CESM2 MD piControl run:</strong></p> <ol> <li>forcing_coupled.F90: POP2 (ocean) source code changes for cesm2.1.4-rc08 (search for "slarson" throughout code to find our changes</li> <li>cesm2.1.4-exp03-CTRL_B1850_f09_g17_hourlyclim_TAUX.nc: 6 hourly climatology for TAUX, from a FC run of CESM2. This file and the TAUY climatology are opened and read in the "rotate wind stress" subroutine in forcing_coupled.F90. This file is named "x2oavg_Foxx_taux_6hourly.nc" in forcing_coupled (we wanted a shorter file name in the code)</li> <li>cesm2.1.4-exp03-CTRL_B1850_f09_g17_hourlyclim_TAUY.nc: 6 hourly climatology for TAUY. This file is named "x2oavg_Foxx_tauy_6hourly.nc" in forcing_coupled (we wanted a shorter file name in the code) </li> </ol> <p> </p>
Dataset for model input of WRF model for the paper:Modulation of Extratropical Cyclones by Previous Cyclones via the Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly over the Sea of Japan in Winter
<p>This is the dataset and code for generating the lower boundary condition which used in our study submitted to the JGR-Atmospheres. The meteorological data for the initial condition are available on NCEP-FNL ftp database.</p>
Impact of persistently high sea surface temperatures on the rhizobiomes of Zostera marina in a Baltic Sea benthocosms
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Sea ice core temperature and salinity data collected during the 2022 SCALE Winter Cruise
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Fig. 1 in Retrieving climate change dependent Sea Surface Temperature (SST) in Southern Turkey by using Landsat thermal imagery
Fig. 1 — Map of the study area, Bay of Goköva
Fig. 4 in Retrieving climate change dependent Sea Surface Temperature (SST) in Southern Turkey by using Landsat thermal imagery
Fig. 4 — Average annual temperature in Gökova Bay
Fig. 1 in Effect of Nutrient, Light Intensity and Temperature on the Growth Rates and Metabolism of a Stress-Resistant Bacillariophyta Species Entomoneis sp. - in Izmir Bay (Aegean Sea) Abstract
Fig. 1: Schematic diagram of methodology.
Fig. 4. Annual air temperature over Lake Onega catchment area for 1951–2014 in Phytoplankton Responses To Climate Change In The Large Lakes Of The Baltic Sea Basin
Fig. 4. Annual air temperature over Lake Onega catchment area for 1951–2014.
Figure 1 in Climate Changes of the Temperature of the Surface and Level of the Black Sea by the Data of Remote Sensing at the Coast of the Krasnodar Krai and the Republic of Abkhazia
Figure 1. The Black Sea coast of the Krasnodar Krai and the Republic of Abkhazia.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.