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opencc-zeroAug 2021View details →

Predictive ability of perennial ryegrass spaced-plant nurseries for turfgrass and seed production swards in Minnesota

Turf-type perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) success depends both on adequate turfgrass quality and economic seed yield. In most breeding programs, spaced plants are the initial unit of selection in which observations of related individuals dictate selections of superior germplasm for further testing. As such, spaced plants must be predictive of both seed production and turfgrass growing environments. This study investigated the effectiveness of both standard (3 plants m-2) and competitive (23 plants m-2) spaced-plant nurseries as selection environments with respect to two sward environments as well as employed a novel image analysis technique for several key traits. Seed production, turfgrass, and the two spaced-plant growing environments were tested at two locations in Minnesota. Turfgrass quality traits were measured in 2017 and 2018 and seed production traits were measured in 2018. Automated image analysis was able to predict the traditional visual scoring values at both locations for crown rust severity (rp > 0.79, P < 0.001), winter injury (rp > 0.89, P < 0.001), and texture (rp > 0.88, P < 0.001). Increasing competition in between spaced plants altered plant phenotype and improved accuracy for vegetative biomass, crown rust severity, seed yield, and at one location, turfgrass quality. There was no benefit of increasing competition for several traits such as genetic color, fertile tillers, and spikelet number. While the competitive design was not useful for all traits, from a feasibility standpoint the competitive design took up less space and often made measurements and observations much easier for bunch-type grasses.

opencc-zeroOct 2022View details →

Data from: The advantage of male-biased flower production in andromonoecious plants under intensive predispersal seed predation

1) Not only mutualistic plant–pollinator interactions but also antagonistic plant–herbivore interactions can be a selective force on sex allocation in angiosperms. In this study, we investigate how predispersal seed predation affects the reproductive success and floral gender of andromonoecious herbs on a natural snowmelt gradient. 2) The developing fruits of an alpine herb (Peucedanum multivittatum: Apiaceae) were intensively predated by lepidopteran larvae (Phaulernis fulviguttella: Epermeniidae) in the early-snowmelt populations, where flowering occurred from mid to late July. In the late-snowmelt populations, where flowering occurred after early August, seed predation was negligible due to the oviposition of the predator moths being concentrated in early summer. The moths tended to oviposit on plants with more perfect flowers and taller inflorescences, whereas the number of male flowers was independent of their oviposition preference. 3) Responding to the oviposition behavior, the proportion of male flowers was the largest and floral stems were the shortest in the early-snowmelt population suffering from intensive predation damage. The contribution of perfect flowers to intact seed production significantly decreased with earlier flowering along the snowmelt gradient. Fitness measurements using genetic markers revealed that the increase in flower number resulted in greater success as a pollen donor within a population. Thus, plants can ameliorate the risk of predation damage to sired seeds by wider pollen dispersal. 4) Synthesis: Taken together, the greater production of male flowers at the expense of perfect flowers is advantageous under intensive predation pressure owing to the reduction of predation damage (female fitness) and the improvement of siring success (male fitness). These results revealed that predispersal seed predation acts as a selective force that promotes male-biased sex allocation in andromonoecious plants.

Fig. 6 in Cassane diterpenoids from the seeds of Caesalpinia bonduc and their nitric oxide production and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities

Fig. 6. Calculated and experimental ECD spectra of 8.

Fig. 4. X in Cassane diterpenoids from the seeds of Caesalpinia bonduc and their nitric oxide production and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities

Fig. 4. X-ray crystal structures of compounds 1, 4, 6, 7, 9, 11, and 12.

Fig. 2. Key 1H–1H in Cassane diterpenoids from the seeds of Caesalpinia bonduc and their nitric oxide production and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities

Fig. 2. Key 1H–1H COSY (), HMBC () correlations of compounds 1–4, 8, and 9.

Fig. 1 in Cassane diterpenoids from the seeds of Caesalpinia bonduc and their nitric oxide production and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities

Fig. 1. Structures of compounds 1–21.

Fig. 3 in Cassane diterpenoids from the seeds of Caesalpinia bonduc and their nitric oxide production and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities

Fig. 3. ROESY () correlations of compounds 1–4, 8, and 9.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2024View details →

miR472 deficiency enhances Arabidopsis thaliana defense without reducing seed production.

Raw data from Vasseur et al 2024

publicMar 2016View details →

Data from: Strong sexual selection in males against a mutation load that reduces offspring production in seed beetles

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publicAug 2021View details →

Predictive ability of perennial ryegrass spaced-plant nurseries for turfgrass and seed production swards in Minnesota

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publicMar 2022View details →

Data from: Is increased male flower production a strategy for avoidance of predispersal seed predation in andromonoecious plants?

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publicMar 2017View details →

Data from: The triangular seed mass-leaf area relationship holds for annual plants and is determined by habitat productivity

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publicMar 2012View details →

Data from: Adaptive value of phenological traits in stressful environments: predictions based on seed production and laboratory natural selection

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