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189 results for “sexual traits”
Systematic review reveals multiple sexually antagonistic polymorphisms affecting human disease and complex traits
<p>An evolutionary model for sex differences in disease risk posits that alleles conferring higher risk in one sex may be protective in the other. These sexually antagonistic (SA) alleles are predicted to be maintained at frequencies higher than expected under purifying selection against unconditionally deleterious alleles, but there are apparently no examples in humans. Discipline-specific terminology, rather than a genuine lack of such alleles, could explain this disparity. We undertook a two-stage review of evidence for SA polymorphisms in humans using search terms from (i) evolutionary biology and (ii) biomedicine. While the first stage returned no eligible studies, the second revealed 51 genes with sex-opposite effects, 22 increased disease risk or severity in one sex but protected the other. Those with net positive effects occurred at higher frequencies. None were referred to as SA. Our review reveals significant communication barriers to fields as a result of discipline-specific terminology.</p>
In search of an honest butterfly: Sexually selected wing coloration and reproductive traits from wild populations of the Cabbage White Butterfly
Abstract <p></p><p>Sexual selection is central to many theories on mate selection and individual behavior. Relatively little is known, however, about the impacts that human-induced rapid environmental change are having on secondary sexually selected characteristics. Honest signals function as an indicator of mate quality when there are differences in nutrient acquisition and are thus potentially sensitive to anthropogenically altered nutrient inputs. We used the cabbage white butterfly, Pieris rapae (L.) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae), to investigate differences in color and testes size in a system that is often exposed to agricultural landscapes with nitrogen addition. We collected individuals from four sites in California and Nevada to investigate variation in key traits and the possibility that any relationship between wing color and a reproductive trait (testes size) could vary among locations in the focal butterfly. Coloration variables and testes size were positively albeit weakly associated across sites, consistent with the hypothesis that females could use nitrogen-based coloration in the cabbage white as an indicator for a male mating trait that has the potential to confer elevated mating success in progeny. However, variation in testes size and in the relationship between testes size and wing color suggest complexities that need exploration, including the possibility that the signal is not of equal value in all populations. Thus these results advance our understanding of complex relationships among environmental change and sexual selection in the wild.</p><p></p>
Raw data for sexually selected traits and life history traits of major and minor males in the horned flour beetle Gnatocerus cornutus
<p>1. Expression of weapons and weapon sizes are remarkably affected by environmental factors in armed insects, resulting in remarkable morphological difference in larger and smaller males i.e., male dimorphism</p> <p>2. The phenotypic plasticity is one example of alternative mating phenotypes. Selection on the alternative phenotype generates different suites of multiple traits between larger and smaller males such as morphology, behaviors and life history. The different subsets of traits can contribute to reproductive success of larger and smaller males, respectively.</p> <p>3. In order to understand how alternative phenotypes evolve, studies that couple differences in life history and reproductive traits between larger and smaller males are required. Here we investigated differences in morphology, behaviors, and life history in <i>Gnatocerus cornutus</i>.</p> <p>4. Larger males have relatively larger mandibles and the advantage in male fighting to access females. Also, the developmental period was significantly shorter in the larger males than in the smaller males.</p> <p>5. Smaller males with rudimentary weapons have higher locomotion ability. This suggests higher performance in the dispersal to new territories. Larger and smaller males showed different suites of multiple traits, and the combinations of multiple traits are probably related to expression of weapons.</p>
Figure 1 in Sexual dimorphism in chelicerae, forelegs and palpal traits in two burrowing wolf spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae) with sex-role reversal
Figure 1. Dimorphism in chelicerae pigmentation (frontal views). Males (A, C) show darker pigmentation than females (B, D) in both species: Allocosa brasiliensis (above) and Allocosa alticeps (below).
Figure 3 in Sexual dimorphism in chelicerae, forelegs and palpal traits in two burrowing wolf spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae) with sex-role reversal
Figure 3. Palpal tarsi (lateral views) of Aglaoctenus lagotis (A,B) and Schizocosa malitiosa (C,D), showing female claws (A,C), and male palpal tarsus without claws or specialized structures on distal position (B,D).
Figure 2 in Sexual dimorphism in chelicerae, forelegs and palpal traits in two burrowing wolf spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae) with sex-role reversal
Figure 2. Palpal claws (lateral views) (A) female of Allocosa alticeps; (B) juvenile of Allocosa alticeps; and apical modifications of palpal tarsi (C) adult male of Allocosa brasiliensis (ventrolateral view); (D) adult male of Allocosa brasiliensis (dorsal view); (E) penultimate male of Allocosa brasiliensis (ventrolateral view); (F) penultimate male of Allocosa brasiliensis (dorsal view).
Sex differences in the behavioural traits across ontogenetic stages in a sexually-size dimorphic spider
<p>Data collected on males and females of the spider species <em>Dolomedes fimbriatus</em>. Behavioural biology, the relationship of sex, age and body mass to voracity, boldness and propensity to attack a simulated attacker throughout ontogeny.</p> <p>ID = individual code</p> <p>Gender = 0 - female; 1 - male</p> <p>Stage = 1 - juvenile; 2 - sub-adult; 3 - adult</p> <p>Repeat = the sequence number of the experiment repetition</p> <p>Boldess = Score for boldness experiments (0 - bold; 5 - shy)</p> <p>Voracity = Score for voracity experiment (0 - did not take a fly; 1 - took a fly)</p> <p>Attack = Score for propensity to attack simulated prefator (0 - did not attack; 1- attacked)</p> <p>Mass = Specimens body mass at the time of experiment in grams</p> <p>Age = Specimens age at the time of experiment in days before (negative) and after (positive) final molt</p> <p>Difference in masa = The difference in body mass between consecutive experiments for a specimen </p> <p>Difference in age = The difference in age between consecutive experiments for a specimen</p> <p>Difference Boldness = The difference in boldness scores between consecutive experiments for a specimen</p> <p>Absolute Difference Boldness = The absolute difference in boldness scores between consecutive experiments for a specimen </p> <p>Difference Voracity = The difference in voracity scores between consecutive experiments for a specimen </p> <p>Absolute Difference Voracity = The absolute difference in voracity scores between consecutive experiments for a specimen </p> <p>Difference Attack = The difference in attack scores between consecutive experiments for a specimen</p> <p>Absolute Difference Attack = The absolute difference in attack scores between consecutive experiments for a specimen</p>
Psychological Traits, Sexuality and Quality of Life in Patients With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03306459. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Phylogeny and secondary sexual trait evolution in Schizocosa wolf spiders (Araneae, Lycosidae) shows evidence for multiple gains and losses of ornamentation and species delimitation uncertainty
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Data: Sexual selection increased offspring production via evolution of male and female traits
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Data from: Population density and structure drive differential investment in pre- and postmating sexual traits in frogs
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Data from: Selection analysis on the rapid evolution of a secondary sexual trait
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Data from: The interplay between local ecology, divergent selection and genetic drift in population divergence of a sexually antagonistic female trait
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Data from: How to quantify (the response to) sexual selection on traits
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Data from: Positive correlations between pre- and post-copulatory sexual traits in warblers
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Data from: The design of a beautiful weapon: compensation for opposing sexual selection on a trait with two functions
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Data from: Latitudinal variation and coevolutionary diversification of sexually dimorphic traits in the false blister beetle Oedemera sexualis
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Data from: The genetic architecture of sexually selected traits in two natural populations of Drosophila montana
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Data from: An experimental evaluation of traits that influence the sexual behaviour of pollinators in sexually deceptive orchids
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Data from: Male-limited secondary sexual trait interacts with environment in determining female fitness
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