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134 results for “soil fertility”
Synthetic nitrogen fertilizers alter the soil chemistry, production and quality of tea. A meta-analysis
<p>This file is supplementary material for the literature which was titled with "Synthetic nitrogen fertilizers alter the soil chemistry, production and quality of tea. A meta-analysis". The details including: Table S1 Database structure: numbers of publication and observation of each variable; Table S2 Detail information of the database for this meta-analysis; Table S3 Between-group heterogeneity (<em>Q</em><sub>b</sub>) and probability (<em>P</em> value) of soil and tea variables with different experimental factors; Figure S1 Dependences of soil pH responses to soil initial pH (a) and N fertilizer addition levels (b); and Figure S2 Dependences of responses of free amino acids (a) and PP: AA ratio (b) to synthetic N addition levels. </p>
Arsenic immobilization and greenhouse gas emission depend on quantity and frequency of nitrogen fertilization in paddy soil
<p><span>Nitrogen (N) fertilization in paddy soils decreases arsenic mobility and methane emissions. However, it is unknown how quantity and frequency of N fertilization affects the interlinked redox reactions of iron(II)-driven denitrification, iron mineral (trans-)formation with subsequent arsenic (im-)mobilization, methane and nitrous oxide emissions, and how this links to microbiome composition. Thus, we incubated paddy soil from Vercelli, Italy, over 129 days and applied nitrate fertilizer at different concentrations (control: 0, low: ~35, medium: ~100, high: ~200 mg N kg<sup>-1 </sup>soil<sup>-1</sup>) once at the beginning and after 49 days. In the high N treatment, nitrate reduction was coupled to oxidation of dissolved and solid-phase iron(II), while naturally occurring arsenic was retained on iron minerals due to suppression of reductive iron(III) mineral dissolution. In the low N treatment, 40 µg L<sup>-1</sup> of arsenic was mobilized into solution after nitrate depletion, with 69% being immobilized after a second nitrate application. In the non-fertilized control, concentrations of dissolved arsenic were as high as 76 µg L<sup>-1</sup>, driven by mobilization of 36% of the initial mineral-bound arsenic. Generally, N fertilization led to 1.5-fold higher total GHG emissions (sum of CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O as CO<sub>2</sub> equivalents), 158-fold higher </span><span>N<sub>2</sub>O</span><span>, and 7.5-fold lower CH<sub>4</sub> emissions compared to non-fertilization. On day 37, <em>Gallionellaceae</em>, <em>Comamonadaceae</em> and <em>Rhodospirillales</em> were more abundant in the high N treatment compared to the non-fertilized control, indicating their potential role as key players in nitrate reduction coupled to iron(II) oxidation. The findings underscore the dual effect of N fertilization, immobilizing arsenic in the short-term (low/medium N) or long-term (high N), while simultaneously increasing N<sub>2</sub>O and lowering CH<sub>4</sub> emissions. This highlights the significance of both the quantity and frequency of N fertilizer application in paddy soils. </span></p>
Bacterial fertilizer and filtered sludge enhance soil quality and eucalyptus growth in a eucalyptus plantation
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Data from: Soil biota suppress positive plant diversity effects on productivity at high but not low soil fertility
1. Plant community productivity commonly increases with increasing plant diversity, which is explained by complementarity among plant species in resource utilization (complementarity effect), or by selection of particularly productive plant species in diverse plant communities (selection effect). Recent studies have also shown that soil biota can drive the positive plant diversity–productivity relationship by suppressing productivity more in low- than in high-diversity plant communities. However, much remains unknown about whether soil fertility plays a role in determining how soil biota affect plant diversity–productivity relationships. 2. We hypothesized that under high soil fertility conditions, negative soil biota effects dominate, which reduces plant monoculture biomass more than that of high-diversity plant communities. Conversely, under low soil fertility conditions, we hypothesized positive soil biota effects dominate, which facilitates plant resource partitioning and enhances community-level biomass in high-diversity plant communities. Hence we expected positive plant diversity–community productivity relationships under low and high soil fertility conditions but caused by different mechanisms. 3. We tested these hypotheses using woody seedlings and set up plant assemblages with four species richness levels (one, two, four and eight species), and grew them in sterilized and unsterilized (sterilized soil + living soil inoculum) soils at two nutrient levels (low vs. high fertility). 4. We found that at high fertility negative soil biota effects dominated and suppressed plant community biomass more in high-diversity plant communities than in monocultures, resulting in reduced complementarity effects of diverse plant communities and a non-significant plant species richness–community biomass relationship in unsterilized soil. Whereas at low fertility soil biota had net neutral to positive effects on plant community biomass but the beneficial effects did not increase with increasing plant species richness. Instead, soil biota neutrally affected the positive plant species richness–community biomass relationship, presumably due to non-specific effects of beneficial soil biota. 5. Synthesis. Soil biota and soil fertility interactively determine plant species richness–community biomass relationships. Moreover, soil biota modulate the complementary resource use among plant species. These findings suggest that environmental context plays an important role in determining whether and how soil biota generate the biodiversity–productivity relationship. Future studies would benefit from revealing the mechanisms underlying the interactive effects of soil biota, soil fertility, and plant diversity on ecosystem functioning.
Manure applications combined with chemical fertilizer improves crop yield and soil functionality
<p>The current farming system is highly reliant on synthetic fertilizers, which adversely affect soil quality, the environment, and crop production. Improving crop productivity on a sustainable basis is a challenging issue in the current agricultural system. To address this issue, we assumed that the combined use of manure and chemical fertilizers (CF) could improve rice grain yield and soil properties without the expense of the environment. Therefore, a two-year field experiment was conducted to explore optimal fertilizer management strategies using a combination of CF and organic fertilizer in the form of cattle manure (CM) or poultry manure (PM). Manure was added at two levels and soil microbial biomass production, enzyme activities, nutrient content, as well as grain yield of rice were measured. The study consisted of six treatments: no N fertilizer control (Neg-Con); 100% chemical fertilizer (Pos-Con); 60% CM + 40% CF (High-CM); 30% CM + 70% CF (Low-CM); 60% PM + 40% CF (High-PM), and 30% PM + 70% CF (Low-PM). Results showed that the addition of manure significantly increased soil enzymatic activities such as soil invertase, acid phosphatase, urease, catalase, ꞵ-glucosidase, and cellulase as compared to sole chemical fertilizer application. Similarly, the combined fertilizers application led to significant increases in soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC), microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN), soil pH, soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), available nitrogen (AN), available phosphorous (AP) and rice yield. Average increases in soil MBC, MBN, SOC AN, and AP in the 0–20 cm soil depth were 62.2%, 54.5%, 29.2%, 17.4%, and 19.8%, respectively, across the years in the High-CM treatment compared with the Pos-Con. In addition, the linear regression analysis showed that soil enzymatic activities were highly positively correlated with soil MBC and MBN. The PCA and linear regression analyses showed that the increased soil enzyme activities and microbial biomass production played a key role in the higher grain yield of rice. Overall, the results of this study demonstrate that the combined use of synthetic fertilizer and organic fertilizer in paddy fields could be beneficial for the farmers in southern China by improving soil functionality and yield of rice on a sustainable basis.</p>
Effects of different fertilization practices on maize yield, soil nutrients, soil moisture, and water use efficiency in northern China based on a meta-analysis
<p>The detailed information of selected studies and collected data. The data for authors, year, type of fertilization and indicator</p>
Thiamethoxam soil contaminations reduce the fertility of a soil-dwelling beetle (Aethina tumida)
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>The sixth mass extinction event is underway and environmental pollution is one major driver. Of particular concern are global insect declines, as their roles in ecosystem functionality and human food security are indispensable. Even though environmental pollutants are known to reduce fertility, their potential effects on insect fitness remain poorly understood - especially for soil-dwelling species. Here, we show that fertility of soil-dwelling beetles, <em>Aethina tumida</em>, is reduced, on average, by half due to field-realistic neonicotinoid soil contaminations. In the laboratory, pupating beetles were exposed via soil to concentrations of the neonicotinoid thiamethoxam that reflect global pollution of agricultural and natural habitats. Emerged adult phenotypes and reproduction were measured, and even the lowest concentration reported from natural habitats reduced subsequent reproduction by 50%. The data are most likely a conservative estimate as the beetles were </span><span>only exposed during pupation. Since the tested concentrations reflect ubiquitous global soil pollution, the data reveal a plausible mechanism for ongoing insect declines. An immediate reduction in environmental pollutants is urgently required if our aim is to mitigate the prevailing loss of species biodiversity.</span><span> </span></p>
Data from: Impacts of landscape composition, marginality of distribution, soil fertility, and climatic stability on the patterns of woody plant endemism in the Cerrado
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Data from: Canopy soil greenhouse gas dynamics in response to indirect fertilization across an elevation gradient of tropical montane forests
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Data from: Leaching potential of phosphite fertilizer in sandy soils of the Southern Coastal Plain, USA
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Data from: Forest nitrogen dynamics in response to increasing nitrogen deposition: comparing above-canopy and soil fertilizations in a mature beech forest
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Data from: Soil fertility shapes belowground food webs across a regional climate gradient
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Data from: Tillage and fertilizer effects on crop yield and soil properties over 45 years in southern Illinois
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Data from: Soil pathogen-aphid interactions under differences in soil organic matter and mineral fertilizer
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Data from: Soil trace gas fluxes along orthogonal precipitation and soil fertility gradients in tropical lowland forests of Panama
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Manure applications combined with chemical fertilizer improves crop yield and soil functionality
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Data from: Effects of long term differential fertilization on eukaryotic microbial communities in an arable soil: a multiple barcoding approach
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Data from: Short-term effects of elevated precipitation and nitrogen on soil fertility and plant growth in a Neotropical savanna
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Data from: Soil fertility and parasitoids shape herbivore selection on plants
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Data from: Soil biota suppress positive plant diversity effects on productivity at high but not low soil fertility
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