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100 results for “soil fungi”
Supplementary material 1 from: Clasen LA, Detheridge AP, Scullion J, Griffith GW (2020) Soil stabilisation for DNA metabarcoding of plants and fungi. Implications for sampling at remote locations or via third-parties. Metabarcoding and Metagenomics 4: e58365. https://doi.org/10.3897/mbmg.4.58365
Combined Supplemntary Data Files 1–8
Data from: Humus microhabitat affects distributions of soil fungi and bacteria in a temperate mountain forest
<p>Humus layer have an important effect on the diversity and spatial distribution of microbes. However, the role of partitioning of humus layer microhabitats for soil microbial diversity has been poorly documented. In this study, 120 soil samples were collected from a 5-ha forest dynamic monitoring sample plot in a deciduous broad-leaved forest. Clustering analysis was used to delineate microhabitats by humus layer. We explored diversity and community composition of soil fungi and bacteria using Illumina sequencing of the ITS rRNA gene and 16S rRNA gene region on the MiSeq platform. We investigated the diversity, species composition and the microhabitat preferences of fungi and bacteria, and then analyzed the effects of environmental factors on soil fungi and bacteria. Our results showed that the diversity, species composition and the indicator species of the fungal and bacterial community varied among different humus layer microhabitats. In network analysis, the specialization indexes showed that 16.20%/22.30% of the fungal/bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) had the characteristics of distribution specialization for humus layer microhabitats. Mantel test showed that the main environmental drivers of fungi and bacteria were not consistent among the four microhabitats. Our findings indicated that the distribution of soil microbe among humus layer microhabitats is not random, but specialized. We furthermore found that there were differences in the relationship between soil microbes and environment among microhabitats defined by humus layer. Together these findings suggest that the importance of partitioning of humus layer microhabitats in maintaining local diversity in a soil microbial community.</p>
FIG. 5. — Absidia soli V.GHurdeal., E.Gentekaki., H.B.Lee & K.D in Mucoralean fungi in Thailand: novel species of Absidia from tropical forest soil
FIG. 5. — Absidia soli V.GHurdeal., E.Gentekaki., H.B.Lee & K.D.Hyde, sp. nov. (MFLU 20-0414, holotype) (Cultures grown at room temperature for 3-5 days): A-F, different stages in development of sporangium; D, sporangium mounted with 5% potassium hydroxide; F, mature sporangium; G, branching of sporangiophores from a single point of the stolon (whorls); H, sporangiospores produced when cultured in PDA; I, rhizoids; J, sporangiospores from culture grown in MEA; K, columella with apical projection, collarette and septum below the apophysis. Scale bars: A-D, I, 20 μm; E-F, K, 10 μm; H, J, 5 μm; K, 60 μm.
FIG. 4. — Absidia edaphica V.GHurdeal., E.Gentekaki., H.B.Lee & K.D in Mucoralean fungi in Thailand: novel species of Absidia from tropical forest soil
FIG. 4. — Absidia edaphica V.GHurdeal., E.Gentekaki., H.B.Lee & K.D.Hyde, sp. nov. (MFLU 20-0416, holotype) (Cultures grown at room temperature for 3-5 days): A-E, different stages of sporangia development (C-E, sporangium stained with Lacto-phenol cotton blue reagent); F, rhizoids; G, columella with collarette, apical projection and septum below the apophysis; H, single sporangiophore originating from the stolon; I, sporangiospores in CMA; J, sporangiospores produced in MEA. Scale bars: A-F, H, 20 μm; G, 10 μm; I-J, 5 μm.
Figure 3 from: Sharma L, Oliveira I, Torres L, Marques G (2018) Entomopathogenic fungi in Portuguese vineyards soils: suggesting a 'Galleria-Tenebrio-bait method' as bait-insects Galleria and Tenebrio significantly underestimate the respective recoveries of Metarhizium (robertsii) and Beauveria (bassiana). MycoKeys 38: 1-23. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.38.26970
Figure 3 Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering of the observations based on the fungal isolations. aPC1 vs. PC2. bPC1 vs. PC3. cPC2 vs. PC3. d PCA 3D plot e Hierarchical clustering dendrogram to access the ecological proximities of obtained fungi based on their respective isolation profiles. Software R 4.3.2 was used to obtain the PCA plots and the hierarchical clustering. There was no fungal isolation from hedgerows from the farm Granja when bait-insect T.molitor was used and hence, it could not be included in any of the analysis which relies on proportions, i.e. PCA plots, hierarchical clustering. To reduce any bias, the authors also discarded the soil samples (N=1) which yielded the fungal isolations, when G.mellonella was used, from the hedgerows of the farm Granja. The blue balls represent relatively more frequent EPF, i.e. Beauveriabassiana, Beauveriapseudobassiana, Clonostachysroseaf.rosea, Cordycepscicadae, Purpureocilliumlilacinum and Metarhiziumrobertsii. The red balls represent other fungi such as Cordyceps sp., Lecanicilliumaphanocladii, Lecanicilliumdimorphum, Metarhiziumguizhouense and Purpureocilliumlavendulum. Hierarchical clustering based dendrogram classified isolated EPF into two clusters, i.e. rarely occurring EPF (cluster 1) and relatively more frequent EPF (cluster 2). Abbreviations used are: Beauveriabassiana (B.b), Beauveriapseudobassiana (B.p), Cordycepscicadae (C.c), Cordyceps sp. (C.sp), Lecanicilliumaphanocladii (L.a), Lecanicilliumdimorphum (L.d), Metarhiziumguizhouense (M.g), Purpureocilliumlavendulum (P.la), Purpureocilliumlilacinum (P.l), Clonostachysroseaf.rosea (C.rr) and Metarhiziumrobertsii (M.r).
Figure 2 from: Sharma L, Oliveira I, Torres L, Marques G (2018) Entomopathogenic fungi in Portuguese vineyards soils: suggesting a 'Galleria-Tenebrio-bait method' as bait-insects Galleria and Tenebrio significantly underestimate the respective recoveries of Metarhizium (robertsii) and Beauveria (bassiana). MycoKeys 38: 1-23. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.38.26970
Figure 2 Effect of insect baiting and habitat-type on the isolation of the entomopathogenic fungi. a Occurrence (% of soil samples ± SE) of entomopathogenic fungi when different bait-insects were incorporated b Occurrence (% of soil samples ± SE) of entomopathogenic fungi when soils were collected from different habitat-types. Bars with asterisk (*) show significant isolations, i.e. (P<0.05).
Figure 1 from: Sharma L, Oliveira I, Torres L, Marques G (2018) Entomopathogenic fungi in Portuguese vineyards soils: suggesting a 'Galleria-Tenebrio-bait method' as bait-insects Galleria and Tenebrio significantly underestimate the respective recoveries of Metarhizium (robertsii) and Beauveria (bassiana). MycoKeys 38: 1-23. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.38.26970
Figure 1 Geographic coordinates and altitudes of the farms and details of the soil sampling strategy adopted. a Details of the six farms of the Douro Wine Region, Portugal, which were considered in this study b Details of the soil sampling strategy from vineyards and adjacent hedgerows.
Supplementary material 1 from: Sharma L, Oliveira I, Torres L, Marques G (2018) Entomopathogenic fungi in Portuguese vineyards soils: suggesting a 'Galleria-Tenebrio-bait method' as bait-insects Galleria and Tenebrio significantly underestimate the respective recoveries of Metarhizium (robertsii) and Beauveria (bassiana). MycoKeys 38: 1-23. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.38.26970
Supplementary tables :
Figure 2 in New insights on the impact of earthworm extract on the growth of beneficial soil fungi: species-specific alteration of the nematophagous fungal growth and limitation of an entomopathogenic fungus
Figure 2. Growth of Arthrobotrys musiformis after 20 days postexposer to two different earthworm based media: fresh earthworms (FE) (four concentration C1, C2, C3, and C4), and earthworms devoid of gut contents (EDG) (four concentration C1, C2, C3, and C4), C1 = 40 g/L, C2 = 20 g/L, C3 = 10 g/L, C4 = 5 g/L, and two rich media: potato dextrose agar (PDA), and brain heart infusion (BHI).
Supplementary material 3 from: Zhang Z-Y, Li X, Chen W-H, Liang J-D, Han Y-F (2023) Culturable fungi from urban soils in China II, with the description of 18 novel species in Ascomycota (Dothideomycetes, Eurotiomycetes, Leotiomycetes and Sordariomycetes). MycoKeys 98: 167-220. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.98.102816
The concatenated sequences dataset
Supplementary material 1 from: Zhang Z-Y, Li X, Chen W-H, Liang J-D, Han Y-F (2023) Culturable fungi from urban soils in China II, with the description of 18 novel species in Ascomycota (Dothideomycetes, Eurotiomycetes, Leotiomycetes and Sordariomycetes). MycoKeys 98: 167-220. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.98.102816
Strain numbers and sequence accession numbers of new isolates
Supplementary material 2 from: Zhang Z-Y, Li X, Chen W-H, Liang J-D, Han Y-F (2023) Culturable fungi from urban soils in China II, with the description of 18 novel species in Ascomycota (Dothideomycetes, Eurotiomycetes, Leotiomycetes and Sordariomycetes). MycoKeys 98: 167-220. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.98.102816
Strains used in this study
Data from: Do arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi stabilize litter-derived carbon in soil?
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Data from: Symbiotic soil fungi enhance resistance and resilience of an experimental grassland to drought and nitrogen deposition
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Data from: Humus microhabitat affects distributions of soil fungi and bacteria in a temperate mountain forest
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Data from: Disease ecology across soil boundaries: effects of below-ground fungi on above-ground host–parasite interactions
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Data from: Anthropogenic N deposition increases soil C storage by reducing the relative abundance of lignolytic fungi
Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition has increased dramatically since preindustrial times and continues to increase across many regions of the Earth. In temperate forests, this agent of global change has increased soil carbon (C) storage, but the mechanisms underlying this response are not understood. One long-standing hypothesis proposed to explain the accumulation of soil C proposes that higher inorganic N availability may suppress both the activity and abundance of fungi which decay lignin and other polyphenols in soil. In field studies, elevated rates of N deposition have reduced the activity of enzymes mediating lignin decay, but a decline in the abundance of lignolytic fungi has not been definitively documented to date. Here, we tested the hypothesis that elevated rates of anthropogenic N deposition reduce the abundance of lignolytic fungi. We conducted a field experiment in which we compared fungal communities colonizing low-lignin, high-lignin, and wood substrates in a northern hardwood forest that is part of a long-term N deposition experiment. We reasoned that, if lignolytic fungi decline under experimental N deposition, this effect should be most evident among fungi colonizing high-lignin and wood substrates. Using molecular approaches, we provide evidence that anthropogenic N deposition reduces the relative abundance of lignolytic fungi on both wood and a high-lignin substrate. Furthermore, experimental N deposition increased total fungal abundance on a low-lignin substrate, reduced fungal abundance on wood, and had no significant effect on fungal abundance on a high-lignin substrate. We simultaneously examined these responses in the surrounding soil and forest floor, in which we did not observe significant reductions in the relative abundance of lignolytic fungi or in the size of the fungal community; however, we did detect a change in community composition in the forest floor that appears to be driven by a shift away from lignolytic fungi and towards cellulolytic fungi. Our results provide direct evidence that reductions in the abundance of lignolytic fungi are part of the mechanism by which anthropogenic N deposition increases soil C storage.
Long-term persistence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the rhizosphere and bulk soils of non-host Brassica napus and their networks of co-occurring microbes
<p>Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are obligate plant symbionts that improve the nutrition and health of their host. Most, but not all crops form a symbiosis with AMF. It is the case for canola (<em>Brasica napus</em>), an important crop in the Canadian prairies that is known to not form this association. From 2008 to 2018, an experiment was replicated at three locations of the Canadian prairies and it was used to assess the impact of canola on the community of AMF naturally occurring in three cropping systems, canola monoculture, canola in a two rotation systems (two-years, canola-wheat and three-years barley-pea-canola). We sampled canola rhizosphere and bulk soils to (i) determine diversity and community structure of AMF, and (ii) assess how these AMF communities interact with other fungi and bacteria. We detected 49 AMF Amplicon Sequence Variant (ASV) in canola rhizosphere and bulk soils, confirming the persistence of a diversified AMF community in canola-planted soil, even after 10 years of canola monoculture, which was unexpected considering that canola is among non-mycorrhizal plants. Network analysis revealed a broad range of potential interactions between canola-associated AMF and some fungal and bacterial taxa. We report for the first time that two AMF, <em>Funneliformis mosseae</em> and <em>Rhizophagus iranicus,</em> shared their bacterial cohort almost entirely in bulk soil. Our results suggest the existence of non species-specific AMF-bacteria or AMF-fungi relationships that could benefit AMF in absence of host plants. The persistence of an AMF community in canola rhizosphere and bulk soils bring a new light on AMF ecology and lead to new perspectives for further studies about AMF and soil microbes interactions and AMF subsistence without mycotrophic host plants.</p>
Data from: Anthropogenic N deposition increases soil C storage by reducing the relative abundance of lignolytic fungi
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The soil organic matter decomposition mechanisms in ectomycorrhizal fungi are tuned for liberating soil organic nitrogen
GEO Series GSE110485. Paxillus involutus; Laccaria bicolor. 24 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
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