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467 results for “soil nitrogen”
Unexpected microbial metabolic responses to elevated temperatures and nitrogen addition in subarctic soils under different land-use
<p>This repository contains all necessary raw data as well as the R code used to conduct statistical analysis and create figures of the publication<br> <br><strong>Unexpected microbial metabolic responses to elevated temperatures and nitrogen addition in subarctic soils under different land-use</strong></p><p>Julia Schroeder1, Tino Peplau1, Edward Gregorich2, Christoph C. Tebbe3, Christopher Poeplau1</p><p>1 Thünen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, Bundesallee 68, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany<br>2 Research and Development Centre, Central Experimental Farm, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Canada<br>3 Thünen Institute of Biodiversity, Bundesallee 65, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany</p><p>DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-022-00943-7 </p><p>This study investigated how subarctic soils under different land use will respond to warming and increasing N availability to allow for better predictions of C cycling under global change. The short-term temperature sensitivity as well as N-input effects on microbial CUE, respiration, growth and turnover were assessed in a one-day incubation experiment according to the 18O-CUE approach. The warming and N response of SOM decomposition were assessed in a 50-days incubation experiment via measurement of cumulative respiration. Both experiments were conducted with the following three treatments: incubation at 10 °C, incubation at 20 °C, and incubation at 20 °C plus N-fertiliser addition at an amendment rate of 100 kg N ha-1. The response to warming or N addition were expressed as response ratios RRT = 20°C/10°C and RRN = 20°C+N/20°C for warming and N response, respectively.</p><p>The R code was developed under R v3.6.3 and adapted to work under version R v.4.1.2.</p><p>The repository includes the following files:</p><ul><li>general_soil_parameters_per_sample.csv - general soil data for each field sample (n=27)</li><li>general_soil_parameters_per_plot.csv - general soil data assessed on pooled replicated field samples (n=9)</li><li>respiration_over_50d_incubation.csv - respiration rate and cumulative respiration for each time-point and laboratory sample over the 50-days incubation</li><li>sample_data.csv - data measured for each laboratory sample (n=81)</li></ul><p> </p><ul><li>Warming_and_nitrogen_response_of_CUE_in_subarctic_soils.Rproj - Rproject (load project to work on provided scripts and data)</li><li>load_data_script.R - loads required data</li><li>absolute_values_script.R - summary of absolute ranges of parameters per land-use type and site</li><li>absolute_linear_mixed_effects_model_script.R - run statistical analysis</li><li>correlograms_absolute_soil_params_script.R - correlation analysis to identify what drives absolute values</li><li>plot_correlations_absolute_soil_params_script.R - plot drivers of CUE and cumulative respiration</li><li>RRT_RRN_calculation_script.R - calculates response ratios</li><li>plot_RRT_RRN_script.R - plot response ratios</li><li>RRT_RRN_linear_mixed_effects_models_script.R - run statistical analysis</li><li>correlograms_RRT_RRN_soil_param_script.R - correlation analysis to identify drivers of response ratios</li><li>plot_correlations_RRT_RRN_soil_params_script.R - plot drivers of response ratios</li><li>RRT_RRN_resprate_cumulresp_over_time_50d_incubation_script.R - plot response ratios over time course</li></ul>
Universal temperature sensitivity of denitrification nitrogen losses in forest soils
<p><span>Soil nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) and dinitrogen (N<sub>2</sub>) emissions from denitrification are crucial to the global nitrogen (N) cycle. </span><span>However, the temperature sensitivities of gaseous N losses in forest soils are poorly understood, limiting our ability to predict N cycling responses to global warming. We quantified temperature sensitivities (Q10) of denitrification-derived potential N<sub>2</sub>O and N2 production ex-situ for 18 forest soils across China.</span><span> N<sub>2</sub>O</span><span> and N<sub>2</sub> production rates increased exponentially with temperature, showing large variation among soils. By contrast, the Q10 values for N<sub>2</sub>O (</span><span>2.1±0.5</span><span>) and N<sub>2 </sub>(</span><span>2.6±0.6</span><span>) were surprisingly similar across soils. N<sub>2</sub> was more sensitive to temperature than N<sub>2</sub>O, suggesting warming could promote complete denitrification. The Q10 values for denitrification (</span><span>2.3±0.5)</span><span> were similar to those reported for aquatic sediments. Collectively, our results indicate a universal temperature sensitivity of gaseous N losses from denitrification, which will facilitate modelling N losses in response to warming on the global scale<a>.</a></span><span> </span></p>
Figure 1 in Soil mineral nitrogen content is increased by soil mesofauna and nematodes - a meta-analysis
Figure 1. Overall effect of the presence of soil (micro- and/or meso) fauna ('All', purple), as well as differentiated by size classes (blue: microfauna, red: mesofauna, orange: micro- and mesofauna) on soil mineral nitrogen compounds. Shown are the mean effect sizes (logarithm of the response ratio), 95 % confidence intervals, and the number of observations (within parentheses). Asterisks indicate levels of significance (* P = 0.05, ** P = 0.01, *** P <0.001).
Data from: Recovery of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) seedlings from ungulate browsing mirrors soil nitrogen availability
<p><em>Abies alba</em> (Mill.) has a high potential for mitigating climate change in European mountain forests, yet, its natural regeneration is severely limited by ungulate browsing. Here, we simulated browsing in a common garden experiment to study growth and physiological traits, measured from bulk needles, using a randomized block design with two levels of browsing severity and seedlings originating from 19 populations across Switzerland. Genetic factors explained most variation in growth (on average, 51.5%) and physiological traits (10.2%) under control conditions, while heavy browsing considerably reduced the genetic effects on growth (to 30%), but doubled those on physiological traits related to C storage. While browsing reduced seedling height, it also lowered seedling water use efficiency (decreased δ<sup>13</sup>C) and increased their δ<sup>15</sup>N. Different populations reacted differently to browsing stress, and for seedling height, starch concentration and δ<sup>15</sup>N population differences appeared to be the result of natural selection. First, we found that populations originating from the warmest regions recovered the fastest from browsing stress, and they did so by mobilizing starch from their needles, which suggests a genetic underpinning for a growth-storage trade-off across populations. Second, we found that seedlings originating from mountain populations growing on steep slopes had a higher δ<sup>15</sup>N in the common garden than those originating from flat areas, indicating that they have been selected to grow on N poor, potentially drained, soils. This finding was corroborated by the fact that N concentration in adult needles was lower on steep slopes than on flat ground, strongly indicating that steep slopes are the most N poor environments. These results suggest that populations adapted to these N poor environments have a genetically based high N use efficiency, which could be necessary for their recover from ungulate browsing.</p>
Nitrogen fixation responds to soil nitrogen at low but not high light in two invasive understory species
<p>Light and soil nitrogen availability can be strong controls of plant nitrogen (N) fixation, but data on how understory N-fixing plants respond to these drivers are limited despite their important role in ecosystem N cycling. Furthermore, ecosystem N cycling can be altered by the introduction of species with nutrient use patterns that differ from natives. We assessed how N fixation of two exotic, understory species responded to varying light and soil N environments. We sampled leaf tissue from <em>Mimosa pudica </em>L., <em>Desmodium triflorum</em> (L.) DC., and a non-fixing reference plant (<em>Axonopus</em>) growing in control and two N fertilization treatments under either N-fixing or non-N-fixing trees, which may alter local soil nutrient cycling, across a range of light conditions. We measured N fixation with <sup>15</sup>N isotope dilution, and ensured that N-fixing neighbor trees were in fact fixing N. All understory plants were wild-growing species not native to the study location. <em>Desmodium </em>and <em>Mimosa </em>acquired 82.6% and 71.6% of their nitrogen from fixation (%N<sub>dfa</sub>) in the control, compared to 66.8% and 58.1% in the +10 g N m<sup>−2</sup> y<sup>−1</sup> treatment and 73.1% and 64.7% in the +15 g N m<sup>−2</sup> y<sup>−1</sup> treatment. These subtle %N<sub>dfa</sub> differences across fertilization treatments were more apparent at low light availability and disappeared at high light availability. The amount of N fixed by neighboring trees did not influence %N<sub>dfa</sub> in the understory species. Our study shows some differences in N fixation across different nutrient environments at low light for two N-fixing species, though the changes were small, and both species derived most of their N from fixation. These findings imply that introduced N-fixing species could exacerbate ecosystem N enrichment, particularly under high soil N conditions</p>
Various seasonal pattern and mechanisms of soil nitrogen transformation along elevations in the Hengduan Mountains
<p><span>Soil nitrogen (N) transformation, a key microbial process in global N cycling, is thought to alter soil N availability and subsequently regulate ecosystem functioning. In particular, the gross rates of N transformation can provide a deeper understanding of internal N dynamics and mechanisms, but questions of whether gross N transformation processes and their underlying drivers change with seasons and elevations remain large uncertain.</span></p> <p><span>Based on field collection along an elevational gradient and laboratory incubation experiments, we investigated the seasonal processes of soil N mineralization and nitrification with 15N isotope dilution technique, and also explored the potential mechanisms involved in the Hengduan Mountains.</span></p> <p><span>Unimodal soil gross/net mineralization rates were higher in the wet season (61.32 mg kg<sup>-1</sup> d<sup>-1</sup>; 1.01 mg kg<sup>-1</sup> d<sup>-1</sup>; respectively) than in the dry season (10.88 mg kg<sup>-1</sup> d<sup>-1</sup>; 0.55 mg kg<sup>-1</sup> d<sup>-1</sup>; respectively) (P < 0.001), with a peak at medium elevation. Soil gross/net nitrification rates were lower in the wet season (1.43 mg kg<sup>-1</sup> d<sup>-1</sup>; -0.017 mg kg<sup>-1</sup> d<sup>-1</sup>) than in the dry season (2.49 mg kg<sup>-1</sup> d<sup>-1</sup>; 0.004 mg kg<sup>-1</sup> d<sup>-1</sup>; respectively) (P < 0.001), which increased with increasing elevation. The results detected the dominant drivers of the gross transformation rates, specifically microbial attributes occupied crucial roles in controlling the gross mineralization/nitrification</span> <span>in the wet season, and soil physicochemical properties were dominant controllers on the gross mineralization/nitrification</span> <span>during the dry season.</span></p> <p><span>This study revealed the divergent patterns and drivers of N transformation, suggesting that seasonal N cycling should no longer be overlooked if we are to predict N biogeochemical cycles in response to environmental change accurately.</span></p>
Data of soil mineralization rates, carbon and nitrogen pools in a rainfed almond crop and an irrigated mandarin crop derived from Diverfarming project
Data of soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics, auxiliary data and methods metadata from a rainfed almond crop and an irrigated mandarin crop studied in Diverfarming project
Improving nitrogen cycling in a land surface model (CLM5) to quantify soil N2O, NO and NH3 emissions from enhanced rock weathering with croplands
<p>This repository contains CLM5 model soil nitrogen (N2O, NO and NH3) output and metadata, and soil N<sub>2</sub>O fluxes from the Energy Farm ERW field trials used in the paper "Improving nitrogen cycling in a land surface model (CLM5) to quantify soil N2O, NO and NH3 emissions from enhanced rock weathering with croplands" (https://gmd.copernicus.org/preprints/gmd-2023-47/).</p>
Data from: Long-term changes in soil carbon and nitrogen fractions in switchgrass, native grasses, and no-till corn bioenergy production systems
<p>Cellulosic bioenergy is a primary land-based climate mitigation strategy, with soil carbon (C) storage and nitrogen (N) conservation as important mitigation elements. Here, we present 13 years of soil C and N change under three cellulosic cropping systems: monoculture switchgrass (<em>Panicum virgatum</em> L.), a five native grasses polyculture, and no-till corn (<em>Zea mays</em> L.). Soil C and N fractions were measured four times over 12 years. Bulk soil C in the 0–25 cm depth at the end of the study period ranged from 28.4 (± 1.4 se) Mg C ha<sup>−1</sup> in no-till corn, to 30.8 (± 1.4) Mg C ha<sup>−1</sup> in switchgrass, and to 34.8 (± 1.4) Mg C ha<sup>−1</sup> in native grasses. Mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM) ranged from 60% to 90% and particulate organic matter (POM) from 10% to 40% of total soil C. Over 12 years, total C as well as both C fractions persisted under no-till corn and switchgrass and increased under native grasses. In contrast, POM N stocks decreased 33% to 45% across systems, whereas MAOM N decreased by less than 13% and only in no-till corn. Declining POM N stocks likely reflect pre-establishment land use, which included alfalfa and manure in earlier rotations. Root production and large soil aggregate formation explained 69% (p < 0.001) and 36% (p = 0.024) of total soil C change, respectively, and 60% (p = 0.020) and 41% (p = 0.023) of soil N change, demonstrating the importance of belowground productivity and soil aggregates for producing and protecting soil C and conserving soil N. Differences between switchgrass and native grasses also indicate a dependence on plant diversity. Soil C and N benefits of bioenergy crops depend strongly on root productivity and pre-establishment land use.</p>
Ground beetle trophic interactions alter available nitrogen in forest soil
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Local controls modify the effects of timber harvesting on surface soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics
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Data from: Long-term changes in soil carbon and nitrogen fractions in switchgrass, native grasses, and no-till corn bioenergy production systems
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Data from: Ectomycorrhizal fungi are more sensitive to high soil nitrogen levels in forests exposed to nitrogen deposition
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Various seasonal pattern and mechanisms of soil nitrogen transformation along elevations in the Hengduan Mountains
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Data from: Differential pulse sensitivity of nitric and nitrous oxide emissions to temperature, carbon, and nitrogen following wetting of desert soils
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Universal temperature sensitivity of denitrification nitrogen losses in forest soils
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Data from: Impact of plant functional group and species removals on soil and plant nitrogen and phosphorus across a retrogressive chronosequence
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Impacts of nutrient addition on soil carbon and nitrogen stoichiometry and stability in globally-distributed grasslands
Global changes will modify future nutrient availability with implications for grassland biogeochemistry. Soil organic matter (SOM) is central to grasslands for both provision of nutrients and climate mitigation through carbon (C) storage. While we know that C and nitrogen (N) in SOM can be influenced by greater nutrient availability, we lack understanding of nutrient effects on C and N coupling and stability in soil. Different SOM fractions have different functional relevance and mean residence times, i.e., mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM) has a higher mean residence time than particulate organic matter (POM). By separating effects of nutrient supply on the different SOM fractions, we can better evaluate changes in soil C and N coupling and stability and associated mechanisms. To this end, we studied responses of C and N ratios and distributions across POM and MAOM to 6-10 years of N, phosphorus (P), potassium and micronutrients (K+µ), and combined NPK+µ additions at 11 grassland sites spanning 3 continents and globally relevant environmental gradients in climate, plant growth, soil texture, and nutrient availability. Data associated with this study are provided here.
Inorganic nitrogen, microbial ecoenzymatic activities, and organic matter in soils collected from the Monsoon Rainfall Manipulation Experiment (MRME), Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico during the 2014 growing season
Drylands are characterized by a pulse dynamics framework in which episodic rain events trigger brief pulses of biological activity and resource availability that regulate primary production in these ecosystems. Relatively small rain events can stimulate microbial processes like decomposition that release inorganic nitrogen needed by plant processes, which typically also depend on soil moisture received from larger rain events. Little is known how changes in rainfall patterns may affect plant available nitrogen in dryland soils, particularly across temporal scales. Therefore, we conducted a study to examine the daily and seasonal responses of plant available nitrogen to rain events that differed in size and frequency throughout a summer monsoon in a northern Chihuahuan Desert grassland located in the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico, USA. This data package, which accompanies an associated manuscript (Brown et al. 2022), contains measurements of inorganic nitrogen, nitrogen-acquiring microbial ecoenzymatic activities, and organic matter in soils collected from the Monsoon Rainfall Manipulation Experiment (MRME) during the 2014 summer growing season.
Meta-analytical data on soil organic, particulate organic, and mineral-associated organic carbon under nitrogen fertilization, elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide, atmospheric warming, increased precipitation, drought, and their combined effects
Data were harvested from journal articles found on the Web of Science Core Collection and the ProQuest Agricultural and Environmental Database that studied soil organic matter fraction carbon responses to global changes (nitrogen fertilization, elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide, atmospheric warming, increased and decreased precipitation, and combined effects). Soil organic carbon fractions were designated as particulate organic carbon or mineral-associated organic carbon based on size and density cutoffs. Relevant metadata, including article information (authors, publication year), environmental information (soil type, climate, and land use), and experiment information (rates, methods) were also added to the dataset.
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