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505 results for “specialist”
Figure 3 in Notes on the jumping spider Corythalia conferta (Araneae: Salticidae), a possible myrmecophagous specialist in Argentina
Figure 3. Female (IBSI-Ara 0045) Corythalia conferta Bayer, Höfer & Metzner. a, Habitus, dorsal view, b, Same, lateral view. c, Same, ventral view. d, Same, anterior view. e, Abdomen, dorsal view. f, Epigyne, ventral view. g, Same, cleared, ventral view. h, same, cleared, dorsal view. All measurements in mm.
Figure 2 in Notes on the jumping spider Corythalia conferta (Araneae: Salticidae), a possible myrmecophagous specialist in Argentina
Figure 2. Male Corythalia conferta Bayer, Höfer & Metzner. a, Habitus (IBSI-Ara 0088), dorsal view. b, Same, lateral view. c, Same, ventral view. d. Same, anterior view. e, Abdomen, dorsal view. f, Leg II (IBSI-Ara 1326), anterior view. g, Leg III, anterior view. h, Leg IV, anterior view. All measurements in mm.
Data from: Life history variation in an invasive plant is associated with climate and recent colonization of a specialist herbivore
<p><b>Premise:</b> Spatial variation in selective pressures can lead to intraspecific variation in life history, favoring some life histories and constraining others depending on the vulnerability of life stages. We examined how spatial variation in herbivory and climate influences flowering size and the occurrence of semelparity (reproducing once) versus iteroparity (reproducing multiple times) in the introduced range of an invasive plant, houndstongue (<i>Cynoglossum officinale</i>). Houndstongue is a short-lived semelparous perennial in its native range. In its introduced range, we previously documented increased rates of iteroparity and a higher median threshold flowering size compared to the native range. We hypothesized that the recent introduction of a specialist biocontrol insect (a root-boring weevil, <i>Mogulones crucifer</i>) would decrease threshold flowering size, and reduce the proportion of iteroparous plants, because <i>M. crucifer</i> preferentially attacks large individuals and may reduce overwinter survival.</p> <p><b>Methods:</b> We surveyed 24 sites across the northwestern United States to quantify the frequency of semelparity versus iteroparity and to estimate weevil abundance, and used demographic data collected from six sites to estimate median threshold flowering size.</p> <p><b>Key Results</b>: We found that sites with greater winter precipitation and no weevils had a greater proportion of iteroparous plants. Sites with higher weevil attack had a lower median threshold flowering size.</p> <p><b>Conclusions:</b> The variation in frequency of flowering and threshold flowering size that we documented in North American houndstongue populations and the relationships between this variation and herbivory and climate provide evidence for how selective pressures covary with the life histories of invasive plants.</p>
Think-aloud tests with information specialists of ai-systems Iris.ai and Yewno (Danish)
<p>This dataset contains the nine think-aloud tests conducted in April-June 2021. </p> <p>Think-aloud tests were designed to test the extent an academic search could be conducted in the two AI-powered search systems, Iris.ai (https://Iris.ai/) and Yewno Discover (https://www.yewno.com/discover). Pilot tests and validation tests were undertaken with two independent reviewers in March 2021. The validity tests were based on the principles outlined in Kim 2009, testing the content, face and construct validity of the test instrument (appendix 1). Consequently, the grammar and consistency of the language were improved and questions were reframed before the final think aloud tests were conducted in April-June 2021.</p> <p> </p> <p>Ten information specialists were invited to take part in the tests. One test person from the Yewno tests dropped out of the study, resulting in an overall drop-out rate of 10%. Accordingly, five think-aloud tests in Iris.ai and four in Yewno were held at the university libraries in Aarhus and Copenhagen.</p> <p>Two testers ran each test. One conducted the dialogue and guided the test person through the tasks set in the think-aloud test. The second, noted down the test persons behavior, humour and comments. All tests were recorded using Zoom, both audio, and screen were recorded as well as the test persons behaviour was observed. The recordings were saved to Edumedia for the duration of the project and destroyed thereafter. </p>
Experimental warming increases the vulnerability of high-elevation plant populations to a specialist herbivore
<ol> <li>Ongoing climate change may impact alpine plant populations via both direct effects of increased temperature and climate-driven changes in interactions between plants and other organisms, such as insect herbivores. Rates of herbivory in high-elevation environments are predicted to increase with warmer temperatures, which may also lead to changes in morphological and physiological traits that influence plant resistance. Yet, we currently know little about how temperature-mediated changes in traits will impact alpine plant vulnerability to herbivores, as well as the extent to which populations from high-elevation environments might need to rapidly adapt to increasing herbivore pressure with rising temperatures.</li> <li>We assessed the effect of experimental warming on the relative vulnerability of populations of the alpine plant <em>Arabis</em> <em>alpina</em> from different elevations to a specialist herbivore. Herbivore performance was measured on plants from nine populations grown in climate chambers at two temperatures, representing low (warm) and high (cold) elevations. We also measured changes in putative drivers of performance: plant phenological, chemical and defence traits. Assuming populations would be adapted to local climates and levels of herbivory, we predicted that low-elevation populations would be more resistant to herbivores under warmer temperatures than high-elevation populations.</li> <li>We found reduced performance of a specialist herbivore on <em>A</em>. <em>alpina</em> grown under warm rather than cold conditions, though this effect varied with elevation. Larvae grew faster on high-elevation populations than low-elevation populations when grown under warm temperatures, whereas similar growth rates were observed for plants grown under colder temperatures, consistent with plant adaptation to the lower existing herbivore pressure in cold, high-elevation environments. Regression analyses suggested that polar metabolite variation explained more variance in larval performance than changes in defensive glucosinolates or morphological traits.</li> <li>Our results suggest that although physiological responses to warming may increase the resistance of cold-adapted plants to herbivory, populations from different elevations may differ in their interactions with herbivores under climate warming. Without genetic adaptation, existing physiological responses of high-elevation populations to warmer temperatures may leave these populations vulnerable to the increases in herbivore pressure predicted under climate change.</li> </ol>
Sexual dimorphism in specialist pollinated dioecious species with complex flowers
<div> Premise <p>Pollinators with flower constancy and long nectar-feeding organs should favour less or no sexual dimorphism in the individual flowers of dioecious plants. This hypothesis is deduced because such pollinators can discriminate between intersexual flower size differences, and morphological differences between male and female flowers often diminish pollen transfer.</p> Methods <p>We compared floral traits and pollinator behaviour between sexes in the hawkmoth-pollinated species, <em>Trichosanthes cucumeroides</em>. We focused on the roles of elaborate petal fringes in pollinator attraction and pollination success of female and male flowers by conducting field pollinator observations and fringe removal experiments.</p> Results <p>Female flowers had a similar front flower size and fringe extension as male flowers, supporting our hypothesis. In contrast, females allocated fewer resources to floral biomass. Additionally, they had smaller and narrower petal lobes, lower fringe density, shorter tubes with inferior nectar rewards, and lower display size than males, which is inconsistent with the hypothesis. Nocturnal hawkmoths prefer flowers with long fringe extensions. Fringe removal significantly decreased hawkmoth visitations to both female and male flowers but reduced success only in females. A literature survey indicated that specialist-pollinated species tend to exhibit similar or larger female attraction to floral organs more frequently than generalist-pollinated species.</p> Conclusions <p>Female flowers have evolved similar fringe extensions to male flowers, likely increasing pollinator attraction even slightly, and exhibited lower biomass of other floral parts and nectar production than male flowers. Our findings imply that female-biased resource limitation and flower-size-sensitive pollinators together exert sex-specific selection of floral traits in<em> T. cucumeroides</em>.</p> </div>
Understory specialists in southern Chile
<p><span>The simplification of forest structural complexity, caused by anthropogenic land-use practices, is one of the main threats to understory specialist birds. We examined the association of both single structural attributes and structural complexity, with the density of four understory bird species in the Global Biodiversity Hotspot "Chilean Winter Rainfall-Valdivian Forests" of South America. Between 2011 and 2013, we surveyed habitat attributes and conducted bird point counts in 505 plots in Andean temperate ecosystems in Chile. In each habitat plot, we measured understory density, volume of coarse woody debris (CWD), number of snags, diameter at breast height (DBH) of trees, and leaf litter depth. With these attributes, we developed an index of stand structural complexity (ISC). On average, old-growth forests had higher values for understory density, CWD volume, DBH, and litter depth than secondary</span><span> forests and open fields, and thus greater values of ISC. The density of understory birds was positively correlated with the ISC for the <em>Rhinocryptidae Pteroptochos tarnii</em>, <em>Scelorchilus rubecula</em>, and <em>Scytalopus magellanicus</em>. We also found a positive association between understory density and litter depth, with the density of the <em>Furnariidae Sylviorthorhynchus desmursii</em>. However, this latter species showed a negative association with the density of snags. Our results suggest the utility of using an index of structural complexity, rather than single or even additive habitat attributes, for determining the density of understory specialist birds. We recommend that management plans should promote the retention of habitat attributes that contribute to the structural complexity of temperate forests of South America and beyond.</span></p>
Librarians and information specialists as methodological peer-reviewers: a case-study of the International Journal of Health Governance. Datasets
<p>Objectives of this study were to analyze the impact of including librarians and information specialist as methodological peer-reviewers, because they can enhance methodologies in evidence synthesis. We sought to determine if and how librarians’ comments differed from subject peer-reviewers’; whether there were differences in the implementation of their recommendations; how this impacted editorial decision-making, and the perceived utility of librarian peer review by librarians and authors. We used a mixed method approach, conducting a qualitative analysis of reviewer reports, author replies and editors’ decisions of submissions to the International Journal of Health Governance. Our content analysis categorized 16 thematic areas so methodological and subject peer-reviewers’ comments, decisions and rejection rates could be compared. Categories were based on the standard areas covered in peer-review (e.g., title, originality, etc.) as well as additional in-depth categories relating to the methodology (e.g., search strategy, reporting guidelines, etc.). We developed and used criteria to judge reviewers’ perspectives and code their comments. Methodological peer-reviewers assessed 13 evidence synthesis manuscripts submitted between September 2020 and March 2023. 55 reviewer reports were collected: 25 from methodological peer-reviewers, 30 from subject peer-reviewers.</p>
Evaluation of Peer Specialists on VA PACTs
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02732600. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
Specialist Conferences Between General Practitioners and Endocrinologists
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05268081. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
Connect.Parkinson: Connecting Individuals With Parkinson Disease to Specialists in Their Homes
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02038959. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 12.
Life Care Specialists (LCS) With a Focus on Patient Pain Management and Prevention of Substance Misuse
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04154384. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
Colonoscopy Endoguide in Specialist Practice
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01055782. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Effect and Safety of Liraglutide 3.0 mg as an Adjunct to Intensive Behaviour Therapy for Obesity in a Non-specialist Setting
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02963935. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Digital Training for Non-Specialist Health Workers to Deliver a Brief Psychological Treatment for Depression
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04157816. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 5.
Specialist herbivore performance on introduced plants during native host decline
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Evidence for admixture and rapid evolution during glacial climate change in an alpine specialist
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Patch quality and habitat fragmentation shape the foraging patterns of a specialist folivore
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Warm winters lead to early breeding, increased breeding effort, but lower reproductive success, in a threatened habitat specialist
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Data from: The demography of a resource specialist in the tropics: Cecropia trees and the fitness of three-toed sloths
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.