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117 results for “starling”
FIGURE 26 in Systematics, morphology, and ecological history of the Mascarene starlings (Aves: Sturnidae) with the description of a new genus and species from Mauritius
FIGURE 26. Author's scaled illustration of Fregilupus varius skins held in the MNHN and MNHNT collections. A. MNHN 2000-756 u/s (adult female?); B. MNHN 2000-755 (juvenile?); C. MHNT O2647 u/s (adult male?); D. MHNT O2650 u/s (juvenile); E. MHNT O2649 u/s (juvenile); F. MNHNT O2648 u/s (adult male?).
FIGURE 20 in Systematics, morphology, and ecological history of the Mascarene starlings (Aves: Sturnidae) with the description of a new genus and species from Mauritius
FIGURE 20. Comparison of carpometacarpi (left side) of Mascarene starlings with Acridotheres tristis, ventral aspect. A. AMNH 306353 Fregilupus varius ♂; B. MNHN MAD8846 Cryptopsar ischyrhynchus gen.nov. sp.nov. u/s; C. NHMUK u/r Necropsar rodericanus u/s(right side reversed); D. NHMUK S/1957.15.9 Acridotheres tristis u/s. Scale bar = 10mm.
An Integrated Optimization of Surgery and Radiotherapy Techniques to Improve Cosmetic Outcome and Quality of Life in Breast Conserving Therapy for Breast Cancer Patients (STARLINGS Study)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05263362. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
The Effect of CRT on the Frank Starling Mechanism
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05993585. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 29.
Non Invasive Cardiac Output Evaluation With Starling SV for Lung Elective Surgery
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04251637. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Fluid Responsiveness Evaluation by AbdomiNal Compression in Kids Based on the STARLING Concept
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02505646. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Data from: Individual variation in parental workload and breeding productivity in female European starlings: is the effort worth it?
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The effects of dietary linoleic acid and hydrophilic antioxidants on basal, peak, and sustained metabolism in flight trained European Starlings
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The photosensitive phase acts as a sensitive window for seasonal multisensory neuroplasticity in male and female starlings
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Data from: Selection, constraint and the evolution of coloration in African starlings
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Density dependence of clutch size and offspring sex ratio in starling colonies
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Data from: Bacteria and the evolution of honest signals. The case of ornamental throat feathers in spotless starlings
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Data from: Endocrine and epigenetic flexibility in an African starling
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Antimicrobial capacity is related to body colouration and reproductive success in female spotless starlings
<p>Pathogenic microorganisms select for a plethora of defensive mechanisms on their hosts. In males of some species, flashy traits might signal antimicrobial capacity and, thus, they might be favoured in scenarios of sexual selection. Antimicrobial capacity of individuals may predict reproductive success in males, and it could be adapted to changing environments. However, evidence for these associations is still scarce in females. Here, we evaluated antimicrobial capacity of spotless starling (<i>Sturnus unicolor</i>) females during the mating and nestling-provisioning phase. We did this by measuring (i) the blood plasma inhibition capacity against 12 bacterial strains (antagonistic index), (ii) the constitutive innate humoral immunity (lysis and agglutination capacity, a non-specific first barrier of protection of hosts against microbial parasites), and (iii) the uropygial gland size and volume of secretion produced, relevant traits in the protection against, among others, feather-degrading bacteria. We also measured colouration of throat and back feathers, and of leg and beak integuments. This information was collected during the pre-laying and nestling stages to compare values from these two periods. We found an increase in the plasma antagonistic index from the pre-laying to the nestling period, while a decrease on the plasma capacity of agglutination of foreign antigens. Both plasma antagonistic index and humoral immune response measured before breeding were positively related to future female reproductive success. In addition, the level of antimicrobial capacity was related to colouration of leg skin and beak integuments and of back feathers. These associations suggest that, similar to males, females might show through their physical appearance their capacity to fight microbial infections; information that could be evaluated by their potential partners and by female competitors.</p>
Data and code archive for 'Time perception and patience: Individual differences in interval timing precision predict choice impulsivity in European starlings, Sturnus vulgaris'
<p>Data and code for Andrews et al. '<strong>Time perception and patience: Individual differences in interval timing precision predict choice impulsivity in European starlings, <em>Sturnus vulgaris'</em></strong></p> <p>Version of November 02 2020</p> <p>The data are presented here with different degrees of processing (i.e. from every trial on every day by every bird separately in 'timing data.Rdata', to one summary row per bird in 'timing data by bird.csv'). Separate scripts do the processing, fit polynomials, reproduce the by-bird analyses in the paper, and run the numerical model. Please see the document 'Description of R scripts and files' for details of the different versions of the data and what each script does.</p> <p> </p>
Data from: Sexual and natural selection in the evolution of extended phenotypes: the use of green nesting material in starlings
Although sexual selection is typically considered the predominant force driving the evolution of ritualized sexual behaviors, natural selection may also play an important and often underappreciated role. The use of green aromatic plants among nesting birds has been interpreted as a component of extended phenotype that evolved either via natural selection due to potential sanitary functions, or via sexual selection as a signal of male attractiveness. Here we compared both hypotheses using comparative methods in starlings, a group where this behavior is widespread. We found that the use of green plants was positively related to male-biased size dimorphism, and that it was most likely to occur among cavity-nesting species. These results suggest that this behavior is likely favored by sexual selection, but also related to its sanitary use in response to higher parasite loads in cavities. We speculate that the use of green plants in starlings may be facilitated by cavity nesting, and was subsequently co-opted as a sexual signal by males. Our results represent an example of how an extended phenotypic component of males becomes sexually selected by females. Thus, both natural and sexual selection are necessary to fully understand the evolution of ritualized behaviors involved in courtship.
Data from: Nest material preferences by spotless starlings
The avian nest is an essential structure for offspring development. For adults, nest building entails costs in terms of time, energy and exposure to predators and parasites. Amount and diversity of materials used for nest building depend on their availability and functionality in scenarios of sexual selection and parasitism. Green plants and feathers of different colors have been hypothesized to play key roles in offspring protection against pathogens, and we here experimentally assessed spotless starling (Sturnus unicolor) preferences for pigmented vs. unpigmented feathers and for different green plants (aromatic vs. non-aromatic plants) as nest materials. We predicted a preferential selection of unpigmented feathers and aromatic plants according to the antimicrobial properties of these materials described in the literature. We evaluated these predictions during nest building and during egg-laying stages. As expected, starlings preferentially selected unpigmented feathers both before and during egg laying, while aromatic plants were preferentially selected only during the egg-laying stage. These results suggest that starlings prefer nest materials that enhance antimicrobial protection of their offspring. We also discuss some other, non-exclusive functions that might explain the observed preference for nest materials, especially with regard to their potential role in sexual signaling.
Made-up mouths with preen oil reveal genetic and phenotypic conditions of starling nestlings
<p>Animal colouration are due to pigments, nanostructures, or to the cosmetic use of natural products, and plays a central role in social communication. The role of cosmetic colouration has traditionally been focussed on scenarios of sexual selection, but it could also be used in other contexts. Here, by using spotless starling (Sturnus unicolor) as a model system, we explore the possibility that nestlings cosmetically used their intensely yellow coloured uropygial secretion to signal their genetic and/or phenotypic quality to their parents. In agreement with the hypothetical cosmetic use of the uropygial secretion, (i) video recorded nestlings collected secretion with the bill at the age of feathering, (ii) cotton swabs turned to the colour of secretion after rubbing with them nestlings' gape, and (iii) gape and skin colourations correlated positively with that of secretion. Furthermore, we found that (iv) secretion colouration has a genetic component, and (v) associated positively with Vitamin-E supplementation and (vi) with plasma carotenoid concentration, which highlights the informative value of nestling secretion. Finally, (vii) colouration of begging related traits and of secretion of nestlings predicted parental feeding preferences. Consequently, all these results strongly suggest that the cosmetic use of coloured uropygial secretion might also play a role in parent-offspring communication, complementing or amplifying information provided by the flamboyant coloured gapes and skin of nestlings. The use of makeups by offspring to communicate with parents has been scarcely explored and we hope that these results will encourage further investigations in birds and some other taxa with parental care. Keywords: Antioxidants, Begging, Makeup hypothesis, Parent-offspring communication, Uropygium --</p>
Data from: Minimally invasive estimation of ventricular dead space volume through use of Frank-Starling curves
This paper develops a means of more easily and less invasively estimating ventricular dead space volume (Vd), an important, but difficult to measure physiological parameter. Vd represents a subject and condition dependent portion of measured ventricular volume that is not actively participating in ventricular function. It is employed in models based on the time varying elastance concept, which see widespread use in haemodynamic studies, and may have direct diagnostic use. The proposed method involves linear extrapolation of a Frank-Starling curve (stroke volume vs end-diastolic volume) and its end-systolic equivalent (stroke volume vs end-systolic volume), developed across normal clinical procedures such as recruitment manoeuvres, to their point of intersection with the y-axis (where stroke volume is 0) to determine Vd. To demonstrate the broad applicability of the method, it was validated across a cohort of six sedated and anaesthetised male Pietrain pigs, encompassing a variety of cardiac states from healthy baseline behaviour to circulatory failure due to septic shock induced by endotoxin infusion. Linear extrapolation of the curves was supported by strong linear correlation coefficients of R = 0.78 and R = 0.80 average for pre- and post- endotoxin infusion respectively, as well as good agreement between the two linearly extrapolated y-intercepts (Vd) for each subject (no more than 7.8% variation). Method validity was further supported by the physiologically reasonable Vd values produced, equivalent to 44.3-53.1% and 49.3-82.6% of baseline end-systolic volume before and after endotoxin infusion respectively. This method has the potential to allow Vd to be estimated without a particularly demanding, specialised protocol in an experimental environment. Further, due to the common use of both mechanical ventilation and recruitment manoeuvres in intensive care, this method, subject to the availability of multi-beat echocardiography, has the potential to allow for estimation of Vd in a clinical environment.
FIGURE 30a in Systematics, morphology, and ecological history of the Mascarene starlings (Aves: Sturnidae) with the description of a new genus and species from Mauritius
FIGURE 30a. Ile Gombrani, with Ile Pierrot in the distance. View looking south.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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OpenNeuro
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