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2,261 results for “stress response”
Figure 2 in Response and tolerance mechanism of food crops under high temperature stress: a review
Figure 2. Schematic representation of tolerance mechanism of plants during heat stress.
Leaf responses to mild drought stress in natural variants of Arabidopsis.
<p>Plant growth and crop yield are negatively affected by a reduction in water availability. However, a clear understanding of how growth is regulated under non-lethal drought conditions is lacking. Recent advances in genomics, phenomics and transcriptomics allow in-depth analysis of natural variation. In this study, we conducted a detailed screening of leaf growth responses to mild drought in six <em>Arabidopsis thaliana</em> accessions. </p> <p>The raw phenotyping can be found in:<br> - cellularData.txt -> mature (22 days after stratification; DAS) leaf epidermis (third leaf) analysed for cell area, cell number, pavement cell area, pavement cell number, stomatal index and leaf area of the analysed leaf.</p> <p>- leaf3_maturity.txt -> area of the third leaf at maturity (22DAs) in mm<sup>2.</sup></p> <p>- leaf3_transition.txt -> area of the third leaf at transition (last day of cell proliferation; 11 DAS) in mm<sup>2</sup>.</p> <p>- rosetteArea.txt -> projected rosette area (mm<sup>2</sup>) over time (from 9-21DAS).</p> <p>The phenotyping results have been normalised for batch effects ('experiment' in raw data) and are found in cellularData_normalised.txt, leaf3_normalised.txt and rosetteArea_normalised.txt.</p> <p>Conversion from accession names (indiated as genotype in the data files) to the ID number used in the 1001genomes project (www.1001genomes.org) can be found in accessionIDs.txt.</p> <p>In each file 'C' indicates well-watered plants, while 'S' stand for mild-drought treatment.</p> <p>These results and methodological results are described in Clauw et al. (2015, Plant Physiology).</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Testing of different methods to induce lime stress responses in grapevine rootstocks - supplementary figures
<p>Defined experiments are necessary to clarify the response to nutrient deficiency. The study tested different options to induce lime stress in pot experiments to select the most appropriate method with grapevine roostocks.We tested soil substrates, an hydroponic culture and an inert sand substrate by adding KHCO3. Grapevine rootstocks Teleki 5C, Couderc 3309 and Fercal were used. The figures represent supplementary material of the obtained phenotype with the different rootstocks and testing conditions.</p>
Bivariate GWA mapping reveals associations between aliphatic glucosinolates and plant responses to thrips and heat stress
<p>Supplemental data on bivariate GWA mapping of stress phenotypes and metabolomes of Arabidopsis.</p>
Data from: Stressful city sounds: glucocorticoid responses to experimental traffic noise are environmentally dependent
A major challenge in urban ecology is to identify the environmental factors responsible for phenotypic differences between urban and rural individuals. However, the intercorrelation between the factors that characterise urban environments, combined with a lack of experimental manipulations of these factors in both urban and rural areas, hinder efforts to identify which aspects of urban environments are responsible for phenotypic differences. Among the factors modified by urbanisation, anthropogenic sound, particularly traffic noise, is especially detrimental to animals. The mechanisms by which anthropogenic sound affects animals are unclear, but one potential mechanism is through changes in glucocorticoid hormone levels. We exposed adult house wrens, Troglodytes aedon, to either traffic noise or pink noise. We found that urban wrens had higher initial (pre-restraint) corticosterone than rural wrens before treatment, and that traffic noise elevated initial corticosterone of rural, but not urban, wrens. By contrast, restraint stress-induced corticosterone was not affected by noise treatment. Our results indicate that traffic noise specifically contributes to determining the glucocorticoid phenotype, and suggest that glucocorticoids are a mechanism by which anthropogenic sound causes phenotypic differences between urban and rural animals.
Stress amelioration response of glycine betaine and Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in sorghum under Cr toxicity
<p>In search of the solution to Cr toxicity a two-year pot experiment (completely randomized design with three replications), in three genetically different varieties of sorghum (SSG 59-3, HJ 513 and HJ 541) under Cr toxicity (2 and 4 ppm) was conducted to determine the effect of glycine betaine (50 and 100mM) and <i>Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi</i> (AMF) on the antioxidant system (enzymes <i>viz.</i> superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, glutathione reductase, peroxidase and metabolites <i>viz.</i> glutathione, ascorbate, proline, β-carotene) along with Cr accumulation and indices of oxidative stress parameters (polyphenol oxidase, hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde) at two growth stages (vegetative and grain filling). According to results; Cr stress (2 & 4 ppm) increased its accumulation and indices of oxidative stresses significantly (<i>p≤0.05</i>) in all varieties of sorghum at both growth stages. However, soil application of glycine betaine (GB) and AMF decreased Cr accumulation and indices of oxidative stress by increasing antioxidant enzymes and metabolites activities at both growth stages in all varieties. The combination of 100mM GB with AMF was observed most significant (<i>p≤0.05</i>) in decreasing oxidative stress and improved the antioxidant system's activities. The SSG 59-3 cultivar showed the lowest Cr accumulation indices of oxidative stress and highest antioxidant system's activity among these three cultivars at both growth stages. Thus, SSG 59-3 was found most tolerant cultivars followed by HJ 513 and then HJ 541. These findings suggest that both GB and AMF, either individually or combined can play a positive role to reduce oxidative stress and increased antioxidant attributes under Cr toxicity in sorghum.</p>
Influence of temperature and salinity on the cellular stress response and energy reserves of Hediste diversicolor.
<p>Raw data on survival rates, wet weight, cellular stress response, oxidative stress and energy reserves of the ragworm Hediste diversicolor collected at Ria de Aveiro (Portugal) and subjected to a combination of different temperatures (24, 27 and 30 ºC) and salinities (20 and 30) over time (14 and 28 days). The biomarkers analysed include: heat shock protein 70 kDa, total ubiquitin, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione-S-transferase, total antioxidant capacity, lipid peroxidation, glucose, glycogen, total protein and total lipids.</p>
Interactive effects of ZnO nanoparticles and temperature on molecular and cellular stress responses of the blue mussel Mytilus edulis
<p>We investigate the molecular and cellular stress responses of tissues (gills and digestive glands) in the mussels <em>Mytilus edulis </em>exposed for 21 days to either ambient (10 °C in winter and 15 °C in summer) or elevated (by 5 °C) temperature combined with different concentrations (0, 10, 100 µg l<sup>-1</sup>) of ZnO nanoparticles or dissolved zinc. In this data set, we used a biomarker-based approach focusing on oxidative stress indicators ( lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyls) and transcription pattern of marker genes in the pathways related to cell survival and proliferation (caspase 3, Bcl-2, p53, p38 and JNK) and inflammation (COX, NF-κB, and TGF-β) of <em>M. edulis</em>. </p>
Increased epigenetic diversity and transient epigenetic memory in response to salinity stress in Thlaspi arvense
<p>Epigenetic diversity could play an important role in adaptive evolution of organisms, especially for plant species occurring in new and stressful environments. Thlaspi arvense (pennycress), a valuable oilseed crop, is widespread in temperate regions of the northern hemisphere. In this study, we investigated the effect of salinity stress on the epigenetic variation of DNA methylation and epigenetic stress memory in pennycress using methylation-sensitive amplification polymorphism (MSAP) markers. We examined how the status of DNA methylation changes across individuals in response to salinity stress and whether such an effect of maternal stress could be transferred to offspring for one or two generations in non-stressed environments. Our results based on 306 epiloci indicated no consistent change of DNA methylation status in specific epiloci across individuals within the same conditions. In contrast, we found that the epigenetic diversity at population level increased significantly in response to the stimulation of salinity stress; and this "stimulation effect" could be transferred partially in the form of stress memory to at least two generations of offspring in non-stressed environments. In addition, we observed a parallel change in functionally important traits, i.e. phenotypic variation was significantly higher in plants grown under salinity stress compared with those of control groups. Taken together, our results provide novel clues for the increased spontaneous epimutation rate in response to stress in plants, of potential adaptive significance.</p>
Data of "Poor repeatability of cortisol responses to adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in beef heifers: is the ACTH challenge a suitable measure for stress research in cattle?"
<p>Data for article "Poor repeatability of cortisol responses to adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in beef heifers: is the ACTH challenge a suitable measure for stress research in cattle?" Dataset of 64 crossbred beef heifers which were subjected to three ACTH challenges. Both experimental independent variables (animal id, horn status, replicate, time of day of the ACTH challenge, ACTH challenge number) and post-ACTH salivary cortisol concentrations (at the seven sampling timepoints and area under the curve values) are presented.</p>
Titi monkey father-daughter bond-related behaviors explain stress response variability
<p>[Dataset] Social interactions regulate our behavior and physiology, and strong social bonds can buffer us from stress. Coppery titi monkeys (<em>Plecturocebus cupreus</em>) are socially monogamous South American monkeys that display strong social bonds. Infants form selective bonds with their fathers, making them ideal for studying father-daughter bonds. We established a novel method for quantifying variability in expression of bond-related behaviors in females (n =12). We also investigated how manipulations of oxytocin (OT) and vasopressin (AVP) influenced juvenile behavior and physiology. Subjects received acute intranasal treatments of saline, low/medium/high OT, low/high AVP, or OT antagonist (OTA) prior to an acute social separation. General linear mixed-effects model results revealed fathers were significant behavioral and physiological stress buffers for their daughters, as evidenced by fewer distress vocalizations (p < .001), less locomotion (p < .001), and lower plasma cortisol (p < .001). Females vocalized less if they exhibited greater expression of bond-related behaviors with their fathers as infants (p = .01), and this stress buffering effect remained even when the daughter was separated from the father (p = .001). While treatments did not alter behaviors, OTA treatments caused the largest rise in plasma cortisol (p < .001), suggesting blockade of OT receptors can inhibit fathers’ stress-buffering effects. Remarkably, females with greater expression of father-daughter bond-related behaviors exhibited an overall reduced physiological separation distress response (p = .04). Findings from the present study advance current knowledge of the neurobiological mechanisms foundational to female bonds and help inform how social disruptions may differently impact individuals based on expression of bond-related behaviors.</p>
Comparative transcriptomic analysis reveals coordinated mechanisms of different genotypes of common vetch in response to Al stress
<p><strong>Supplementary Table</strong></p>
Similar transcriptomic responses to early and late drought stresses produce divergent phenotypes in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)
<p>Cultivated sunflower (<em>Helianthus</em> <em>annuus</em> L.) exhibits numerous phenotypic and transcriptomic responses to drought. However, the ways in which these responses vary with differences in drought timing and severity are insufficiently understood. We used phenotypic and transcriptomic data to evaluate the response of sunflower to drought scenarios of different timing and severity in a common garden experiment. Using a semi-automated outdoor high-throughput phenotyping platform, we grew six oilseed sunflower lines under control and drought conditions. Our results reveal that similar transcriptomic responses can have disparate phenotypic effects when triggered at different developmental time points. Leaf transcriptomic responses, however, share similarities despite timing and severity differences (e.g., 523 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were shared across all treatments), though increased severity elicits greater differences in expression, particularly during vegetative growth. Across treatments, DEGs were highly enriched for genes related to photosynthesis and plastid maintenance. A co-expression analysis identified a single module (M8) enriched in all drought stress treatments. Genes related to drought, temperature, proline biosynthesis, and other stress responses were overrepresented in this module. In contrast to transcriptomic responses, phenotypic responses were largely divergent between early and late drought. Early-stressed sunflowers responded to drought with reduced overall growth, but became highly water-acquisitive during recovery irrigation, resulting in overcompensation (higher aboveground biomass and leaf area) and a greater overall shift in phenotypic correlations, whereas late-stressed sunflowers were smaller and more water use-efficient. Taken together, these results suggest that drought stress at an earlier growth stage elicits a change in development that enables greater uptake and transpiration of water during recovery, resulting in higher growth rates despite similar initial transcriptomic responses.</p>
Dynamic calcium-mediated stress response and recovery signatures in the fungal pathogen, Candida albicans - Supplementary Movies
<p>Supplementary Data: movie files:</p> <p>Movie S1: BWP17-GCaMP 1 mM – 200 mM Ca<sup>2+</sup></p> <p>Movie S2: WT-GCaMP 1M NaCl</p> <p>Movie S3: BWP17-GCaMP 0.6 M Ca<sup>2+</sup></p> <p>Movie S4: WT-GCaMP 0.05% SDS</p> <p>Movie S5: WT-GCaMP 5 mM H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub></p> <p>Movie S6: Empty-vector 5 mM H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub></p> <p>Movie S7: <em>cap1</em>∆-GCaMP 5 mM H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub></p> <p>Movie S8: <em>hog1</em>∆-GCaMP 5 mM H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub></p> <p>Movie S9: <em>cnb1</em>∆-GCaMP 5 mM H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub></p> <p>Movie S10: <em>crz1</em>∆-GCaMP 5 mM H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub></p> <p>Movie S11: <em>cch1</em>∆-GCaMP 5 mM H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub></p> <p>Movie S12: <em>yvc1</em>∆-GCaMP 5 mM H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub></p>
Dataset on biomarkers for the project "Intermittent hypoxia differentially affects metabolic and oxidative stress responses in two species of cyprinid fish"
<p>The file contains the data for the tissue-level biomarkers evaluating the impact of short-term hypoxia on oxidative stress and metabolic parameters in silver carp <em>Hypophthalmichthys molitrix </em>and gibel carp <em>Carassius gibelio.</em></p>
Understanding the effects of stress on the P300 response during naturalistic simulation of heights exposure
<p>Stress is a prevalent bodily response universally experienced and significantly affects a person's mental and cognitive state. The P300 response is a commonly observed brain behaviour that provides insight into a person's cognitive state. Previous works have documented the effects of stress on the P300 behaviour; however, only a few have explored the performance in a mobile and naturalistic experimental setup. Our study examined the effects of stress on the human brain's P300 behaviour through a height exposure experiment that incorporates complex visual, vestibular, and proprioceptive stimuli. A more complex sensory environment could produce translatable findings toward real-world behaviour and benefit emerging technologies such as brain-computer interfaces. </p> <p>Seventeen participants experienced our experiment that elicited the stress response through physical and virtual height exposure. We found two unique groups within our participants that exhibited contrasting behavioural performance and P300 target reaction response when in a stressed state (when walking at heights). One group performed worse when stressed and exhibited a significant decrease in parietal P300 peak amplitude and increased beta and gamma power. Contrarily, the group less affected by stress exhibited a change in their N170 peak amplitude and alpha/mu rhythms desynchronisation. The findings of our study suggest that a more individualised approach to assessing a person's behaviour performance under stress can aid in understanding P300 performance when experiencing stress.</p>
Processed RNA expression count data and metadata from Gupta et al.:Systems genomics of salinity stress response in rice
<p>We assessed gene expression variation in a population of 130 accessions of rice (Oryza sativa) belonging to the major varietal group indica. The field experiment was conducted in the dry season of 2017 at IRRI in Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines. Seeds from each accession were sown on December 16, 2016, and seedlings were then transplanted into the experimental fields at 17 days after sowing (DAS), on January 5, 2017. The field experiments was conducted across two locations close-by: one non-salinized normal field and the other salinized field. Both field environments used a randomized complete block experimental design with each accession planted in three replicates. Each experimental plot included the accessions NSICRC 222 and NSICRC 182 serving as border rows. The application of salt in Block L5 started on January 19, 2017 when the plants were 31 days old. The salinity level was monitored by recording electrical conductivity (EC), using EC meters installed in each of the parcels at a depth of 30 cm. The salinity levels were then maintained at 6 dS/m (considered mild to moderate salinity stress) until maturity. Management and maintenance of the fields included the application of basal fertilizer, spraying of insecticides against thrips and removal of plants potentially infected with the rice tungro virus disease. Tissue collection for transcriptome. Briefly, leaf collection was done at 38 DAS (8 days after the beginning of the salt treatment) in the non-saline and saline field. Transcript levels were measured using a liquid automation-based 3 prime mRNA-seq quantification approach. Samples were multiplexed in batches of 96 per library. Raw sequencing data are available at the SRA in BioProject accession number PRJNA1010833. A key to the raw sequencing data in this BioProject can be found in the metadata of the processed RNA expression count data here</p>
No evidence that the widespread environmental contaminant caffeine alters energy balance or stress responses in fish
<p>Anthropogenic sources of environmental pollution are ever-increasing as urban areas expand and more chemical compounds are used in daily life. The stimulant caffeine is one of the most consumed chemical compounds worldwide, and as a result, has been detected as an environmental contaminant in all types of major water sources on all continents. Exposure of wildlife to environmental pollutants can disrupt the energy balance of these organisms, as restoration of homeostasis is prioritised. In turn, energy allocated to other key biological processes such as growth or reproduction may be affected, consequently reducing the overall fitness of an individual. Therefore, we aimed to investigate if long-term exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of caffeine had any energetic consequences on wildlife. Specifically, we exposed wild eastern mosquitofish (<em>Gambusia holbrooki</em>) to one of three nominal concentrations of caffeine (0, 100, and 10,000 ng/L) and assayed individuals for metabolic rate, general activity, antipredator and foraging behaviour, and body size as measures of energy expenditure or energy intake. We found no differences in any measured traits between any of the given exposure treatments, indicating that exposure to caffeine at current environmental levels may not adversely affect the energy balance and fitness of vulnerable freshwater fish.</p>
Effect of Paroxetine on Smokers' Cardiovascular Response to Stress - 1
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00218439. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Typhoid Vaccine in Testing Response to Immune Stress in Patients With Stage I-IIIA Breast Cancer
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02415387. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.