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FIGURE 10 in Geographic variation, phylogeny and systematic status of Gracilinanus microtarsus (Mammalia: Didelphimorphia: Didelphidae)

FIGURE 10. Comparison between morphological, molecular and combined results. Maximum likelihood was performed only to molecular data. Observe paraphyly present in "small microtarsus", group present on both "MG" and "RJ/SP" clades in the molecular phylogeny. The paraphyly in the "RJ/SP" clade is depicted in the dashed outline on the map and the symbols represent samples with molecular data. The symbols are: (●) "small microtarsus", (․) "large microtarsus" and (˔) "ehrhardti".

FIGURE 9. A–B in Geographic variation, phylogeny and systematic status of Gracilinanus microtarsus (Mammalia: Didelphimorphia: Didelphidae)

FIGURE 9. A–B Bivariate plot of the first (PC-1) versus second (PC-2) principal component for adult males (A) and females (B) of Gracilinanus microtarsus based on 20 cranial variables. The inset shows the projection of variables on PC-1 and PC-2. C–D Bivariate plots of discriminant scores for the first (DF-1) and second (DF-2) axes in comparisons among adult males (C) and females (D) of Gracilinanus microtarsus based on 20 cranial variables. The symbols represent: (●) "small microtarsus", (․) "large microtarsus" and (˔) "ehrhardti".

FIGURE 8. Maximum likelihood tree showing the relationships among partial cytochrome b in Geographic variation, phylogeny and systematic status of Gracilinanus microtarsus (Mammalia: Didelphimorphia: Didelphidae)

FIGURE 8. Maximum likelihood tree showing the relationships among partial cytochrome b sequences of Gracilinanus spp. Bootstrap support and Bayesian posterior probabilities based on molecular dataset are provided above each branch. Bayesian posterior probabilities based on the combined (morphological + molecular) dataset is provided below each branch. The numbers beside the localities correspond to the same numbers shown on the map (Figure 11). The symbols represent: (●) "small microtarsus", (․) "large microtarsus" and (˔) "ehrhardti".

FIGURE 6 in Geographic variation, phylogeny and systematic status of Gracilinanus microtarsus (Mammalia: Didelphimorphia: Didelphidae)

FIGURE 6. Strict consensus of ten most-parsimonious trees based on analysis of morphological characters showing the monophyly of G. microtarsus and G. agilis, and the relationships among phenotypes. Bootstrap support and Bayesian posterior probabilities are provided above each branch. The symbols represent: (●) "small microtarsus", (․) "large microtarsus" and (˔) "ehrhardti".

FIGURE 2 in Geographic variation, phylogeny and systematic status of Gracilinanus microtarsus (Mammalia: Didelphimorphia: Didelphidae)

FIGURE 2. Dorsal, ventral, and lateral views of the skull and lateral view of the mandible of Gracilinanus microtarsus, showing the measurements cited in the text.

FIGURE 1 in Geographic variation, phylogeny and systematic status of Gracilinanus microtarsus (Mammalia: Didelphimorphia: Didelphidae)

FIGURE 1. Occlusal surface of the right upper molar series showing dental age classes 2 to 7. A. Age class 2: third premolar deciduous (dP3) and M2 erupted; B. Age class 3: dP3 deciduous and M3 erupted; C. Age class 4: dP3 deciduous or P3 starting to erupt and M4 erupted; D. Age class 5: third premolar permanent completely erupted (P3) and all molars functional; E. Age class 6: P3, M1 and M2 show wear; F. Age class 7: P3 and all four molars show wear. The wear on age classes 6 and 7 is indicated by arrows.

FIGURE 4. A–C in Geographic variation, phylogeny and systematic status of Gracilinanus microtarsus (Mammalia: Didelphimorphia: Didelphidae)

FIGURE 4. A–C Dorsal cranial view of Cryptonanus (A, MHNCI 4841), G. microtarsus ("small microtarsus") (B, MZUSP 29164) and G. microtarsus ("large microtarsus") (C, UFMG 2536) showing taxonomic differences on temporal margin and interorbital region in adult males. Scale = 5 mm; D–E Dorsal cranial views in "small microtarsus" (D, MZUSP 29164) and "large microtarsus" (E, UFMG 2535) showing the shape of interorbital region in adult males. Scale = 5 mm; F–G Ventral midcranial view in G. agilis (H, UFMG 2497) and G. microtarsus (I, UFMG 2536), showing taxonomic differences on size of posterolateral palatal foramen (plfp) in relation to palatine fenestrae (p) in adult males. Scale = 1 mm; H–I Ventral anterior cranial view in "small microtarsus" (F, UFMG 1166) and "ehrhardti" (G, MNHCI 6287) showing differences on size of incisive foramen in relation to canines. Scale = 1 mm.

FIGURE 3 in Geographic variation, phylogeny and systematic status of Gracilinanus microtarsus (Mammalia: Didelphimorphia: Didelphidae)

FIGURE 3. Ventral body pelage in G. agilis ("midwest", A, UFMG 2497) and G. microtarsus ("large microtarsus", B, UFMG 2535) exhibiting differences in arm and pectoral fur color. Scale = 10 mm.

FIGURE 7 in Geographic variation, phylogeny and systematic status of Gracilinanus microtarsus (Mammalia: Didelphimorphia: Didelphidae)

FIGURE 7. Strict consensus of 32 most-parsimonious trees based on partial cytochrome b sequences data showing the phylogenetic relationships of the Gracilinanus populations analyzed. Bootstrap support based on molecular dataset and average K2p genetic distance are provided above each branch, and bootstrap support based on combined (morphological and molecular) dataset is provided below. The numbers beside the localities correspond to the same numbers shown on the map (Figure 11). The symbols represent: (●) "small microtarsus", (․) "large microtarsus" and (˔) "ehrhardti".

FIGURE 5. A–D in Geographic variation, phylogeny and systematic status of Gracilinanus microtarsus (Mammalia: Didelphimorphia: Didelphidae)

FIGURE 5. A–D Ventral and lateral view of left tympanic region of "small microtarsus" (A and C, MZUSP 29159) and "large microtarsus" (B and D, UFMG 2535), illustrating morphological differences of the alisphenoid tympanic process in adult males. Scale = 2 mm; E–G Lateral cranial view of C1-P3 in G. microtarsus ("small microtarsus") (E, MZUSP 29159), G. agilis ("midwest") (F, UFMG 2487) and Cryptonanus sp. (G, FURB 9362) illustrating taxonomic differences in the relative height of P2 versus P3 in adult males. Scale = 1 mm; H–I Ventral view of the carpus, manus, radius, and ulna in Gracilinanus microtarsus showing differences on lateral carpal tubercle (lct). Specimens of "small microtarsus" (H, MZUSP 31009) and "large microtarsus" (I, MZUSP 30717), both adult males. Scale = 2 mm; J–K Anterior view of humerus in "large microtarsus" (J, MZUSP 30641) and "small microtarsus" (K, MZUSP 29161), showing variation in deltoid tuber (dt) and medial epicondyle (me) in adult males. Scale = 2 mm; L–M Lateral view of the carpus, manus, radius, and ulna in Gracilinanus microtarsus showing differences on radius crest (rc). Specimens of "large microtarsus" (L, MZUSP 30717) and "small microtarsus" (M, MZUSP 31009), both adult males. Scale = 2 mm.

FIGURE 4 in The systematic status of two enigmatic ocypodoid crabs, " Paracleistostoma " dentatum Tesch, 1918, and " Paracleistostoma " fossulum Barnard, 1955 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura)

FIGURE 4. Brankocleistostoma fossulum (Barnard, 1955). A, B, female (8.14 × 4.57 mm) (MNHN), Madagascar; C, female (6.95 × 4.08 mm) (MNHN), Madagascar. A, B, dorsal views; C, dorsal view with carapace slightly tilted anteriorly to show transversely elevated parts of carapace which correspond to the ridges.

FIGURE 1 in The systematic status of two enigmatic ocypodoid crabs, " Paracleistostoma " dentatum Tesch, 1918, and " Paracleistostoma " fossulum Barnard, 1955 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura)

FIGURE 1. Lazarocleistostoma dentatum (Tesch, 1918). Holotype female (6.2 × 3.3 mm) (ZMA De.102.997), Saleyer Island. A, overall dorsal view; B, frontal view of frontal margin; C, buccal cavity showing third maxillipeds; D, dorsal view of carapace; E, frontal view of carapace; F, right third maxilliped; G, outer view of right chela; H, right last ambulatory leg. (A-C, after Tesch 1918: 63, pl. 3 fig. 2; other drawings by C.G.S. Tan). Scales = 1.0 mm.

FIGURE 5 in The systematic status of two enigmatic ocypodoid crabs, " Paracleistostoma " dentatum Tesch, 1918, and " Paracleistostoma " fossulum Barnard, 1955 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura)

FIGURE 5. Brankocleistostoma fossulum (Barnard, 1955). Female (8.14 × 4.57 mm) (MNHN), Madagascar. A, frontal view showing orbits, epistome and third maxillipeds; B, ventral view of anterior half of carapace showing buccal cavity, third maxillipeds and anterior thoracic sternites; C, posterior female abdominal somites and telson; D, outer view of left chela.

FIGURE 3 in The systematic status of two enigmatic ocypodoid crabs, " Paracleistostoma " dentatum Tesch, 1918, and " Paracleistostoma " fossulum Barnard, 1955 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura)

FIGURE 3. Brankocleistostoma fossulum (Barnard, 1955). A, B, D, F–H, holotype female (5.0 × 3.5 mm) (SAM A10778), Delagoa Bay; C, D, female (8.14 × 4.57 mm) (MNHN), Madagascar. A, C, dorsal view of carapace; B, cross-sectional view of dorsal surface of carapace; D, left third maxilliped in situ in buccal cavity (setae not drawn); E, left third maxilliped; F, dorsal view of right cheliped; G, outer view of right chela; H, dactylus of last left ambulatory leg. (A, B, D, F–H after Barnard 1955: fig. 7a–e). Scales A = 1.0 mm; E = 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 2 in The systematic status of two enigmatic ocypodoid crabs, " Paracleistostoma " dentatum Tesch, 1918, and " Paracleistostoma " fossulum Barnard, 1955 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura)

FIGURE 2. Brankocleistostoma fossulum (Barnard, 1955). Colour in life, female (8.14 × 4.57 mm) (MNHN), Madagascar. Photograph: T.-Y. Chan.

FIGURE 5 in The systematic status of Gonocephalus robinsonii Boulenger, 1908 (Squamata: Agamidae: Draconinae)

FIGURE 5. Malayodracon robinsonii from Tanah Rata, Cameron Highlands, West Malaysia. Photo: U. Manthey.

FIGURE 1 in The systematic status of Gonocephalus robinsonii Boulenger, 1908 (Squamata: Agamidae: Draconinae)

FIGURE 1. Ventrolateral view of the head, gular and pectoral regions ("Gonocephalus" robinsonii holotype BMNH 1946.8.14.81)

FIGURE 4. A in The systematic status of Gonocephalus robinsonii Boulenger, 1908 (Squamata: Agamidae: Draconinae)

FIGURE 4. A. Most parsimonious phylogenetic tree resulting from PHYLIP/Dnapars analysis. B. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree resulting from PhyML analysis Branch length scale represents number of substitutions/site. Branch support values are given above the branch. The trees were re-rooted for Mantheyus phuwuanensis.

FIGURE 3 in The systematic status of Gonocephalus robinsonii Boulenger, 1908 (Squamata: Agamidae: Draconinae)

FIGURE 3. Neighbour joining dendrogram of the subfamily Draconinae with outgroups represented by Hypsilurus, Physignathus (Amphibolurinae) and Hydrosaurus (Hydrosaurinae) resulting from BLAST based on 16S ribosomal RNA sequence alignments.

FIGURE 2. A in The systematic status of Gonocephalus robinsonii Boulenger, 1908 (Squamata: Agamidae: Draconinae)

FIGURE 2. A. Dorsal view of the skull of "Gonocephalus" robinsonii (ZMB 48856); B. Dorsal view of the skull of Dendragama boulengeri (ZMB 54503); C. Lateral view of the skull of " Gonocephalus" robinsonii showing the elevated edges on the parietal (ZMB 48856); D. Posterior view of the skull of " Gonocephalus" robinsonii with the parietal bone coloured green (ZMB 48856). Scale bar = 4mm.