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Figure 14. Sclerophyllia Klunzinger, 1879 in Taxonomic classification of the reef coral family Lobophylliidae (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Scleractinia)

Figure 14. Sclerophyllia Klunzinger, 1879, is solitary or colonial, with discrete corallites, double walls in colonies, large (> 15 mm) and high-relief (> 6 mm) calices, septa in ≥ 4 cycles (≥ 48 septa), and well-developed epitheca. Septal teeth are tall (> 0.6 mm) and widely spaced (> 1 mm), unequally shaped between first- and third-order septa, equally sized between wall and septum, and palisade interarea. Walls formed by dominant paratheca and partial septotheca, with strong costa centre clusters. (A) Sclerophyllia margariticola Klunzinger, 1879, type species of Sclerophyllia; macromorphology, syntype ZMB Cni 2181, Egypt, Red Sea. (B–F) Sclerophyllia maxima (Sheppard & Salm, 1988); micromorphology (scanning electron microscopy; B, E) and microstructure (transverse thin section; C, F), hypotype UNIMIB MU161, Yemen; macromorphology, holotype NHMUK 1986.11.17.2, Muscat, Oman (D).

Figure 9. Echinophyllia Klunzinger, 1879 in Taxonomic classification of the reef coral family Lobophylliidae (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Scleractinia)

Figure 9. Echinophyllia Klunzinger, 1879, has organically united and sometimes polymorphic corallites, extensive coenosteum (≥ corallite diameter), septa in ≤ 3 cycles (≤ 36 septa), large (≥ 1/4 of calice width) spongy columellae, and weak/moderate paliform (uniaxial) lobes. Septal teeth with medium height (0.3–0.6 mm) and spacing (0.3–1.0 mm), equally sized between wall and septum, and smooth interarea. Walls formed by dominant paratheca and partial septotheca, with strong costa medial lines. (A–C) Echinophyllia aspera (Ellis & Solander, 1786), type species of Echinophyllia; macromorphology, holotype GLAHM 104004 (A; photo by K. G. Johnson); micromorphology (scanning electron microscopy; B) and microstructure (transverse thin section; C), hypotype USNM 45075, Bikini Atoll, Marshall Islands. (D–F) Echinophyllia echinoporoides Veron & Pichon, 1980; macromorphology, holotype NHMUK 1983.9.27.4, Whitsunday Islands, Australia (D); micromorphology (E) and microstructure (F), hypotype UNIMIB PFB379, Madang, Papua New Guinea. (G–I) Echinophyllia orpheensis Veron & Pichon, 1980; macromorphology, holotype MTQ G57510, south Pioneer Bay, Orpheus Island, Palm Islands, Australia (G); micromorphology (H) and microstructure (I), hypotype USNM 93798, Madang, Papua New Guinea.

Figure 1 in Taxonomic classification of the reef coral family Lobophylliidae (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Scleractinia)

Figure 1. Comparisons amongst recent classifications of genera in Lobophylliidae. Continuous lines track generic synonyms, whereas dotted lines indicate movements of species amongst genera. See Stolarski & Roniewicz (2001) for comparisons with Vaughan & Wells (1943), Wells (1956), Alloiteau (1952), and Chevalier & Beauvais (1987).

Figure 8. Echinomorpha Veron, 2000 in Taxonomic classification of the reef coral family Lobophylliidae (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Scleractinia)

Figure 8. Echinomorpha Veron, 2000, may be solitary; colonies contain organically united and polymorphic corallites, with large (> 15 mm) and medium-relief (3–6 mm) calices, septa in ≥ 4 cycles (≥ 48 septa), large (≥ 1/4 of calice width) spongy columellae, and weak paliform (uniaxial) lobes. (A, B) Echinomorpha nishihirai (Veron, 1990), type and only living species of Echinomorpha; macromorphology, holotype MTQ G32483, Okinawa Island, Ryukyu Islands, Japan.

Figure 13. Oxypora Saville Kent, 1871 in Taxonomic classification of the reef coral family Lobophylliidae (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Scleractinia)

Figure 13. Oxypora Saville Kent, 1871, has organically united and sometimes polymorphic corallites, extensive coenosteum (≥ corallite diameter), septa in <3 cycles (<24 septa), and large (≥ 1/4 of calice width), compact columellae. Septal teeth with medium height (0.3–0.6 mm) and spacing (0.3–1.0 mm), equally sized between wall and septum, and smooth interarea. Walls formed by dominant paratheca and partial septotheca, with strong costa medial lines. (A–C) Oxypora lacera (Verrill, 1864), type species of Oxypora; macromorphology, syntype MCZ IZ 44065, Singapore (A; photo by A. J. Baldinger); micromorphology (scanning electron microscopy; B) and microstructure (transverse thin section; C), hypotype UNIMIB BU004, Burum, Yemen. (D–F) Oxypora glabra Nemenzo, 1959; macromorphology, holotype UP C-300, Paniquian Island, Puerto Galera, Philippines (D; photo by K. S. Luzon); micromorphology (E) and microstructure (F), hypotype USNM 92395, Auluptagel Island, Palau.

Figure 12. Moseleya Quelch, 1884 in Taxonomic classification of the reef coral family Lobophylliidae (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Scleractinia)

Figure 12. Moseleya Quelch, 1884, has discrete corallites that may be polymorphic, with fused walls, large (> 15 mm) and high-relief (> 6 mm) calices, and septa in ≥ 4 cycles (≥ 48 septa). Septal teeth are tall (> 0.6 mm) with medium spacing (0.3–1.0 mm), unequally shaped between first- and third-order septa, equally sized between wall and septum, and palisade interarea. Walls formed by dominant paratheca and partial septotheca, with strong costa centre clusters. (A–F) Moseleya latistellata Quelch, 1884, type and only living species of Moseleya; macromorphology, holotype NHMUK 1886.12.9.158, Wednesday Island, Torres Strait, Australia (A; photo by H. Taylor); micromorphology (scanning electron microscopy; B, E) and microstructure (transverse thin section; C, F), hypotype MTQ G61909, Magnetic Island, Queensland, Australia; macromorphology, hypotype MTQ G39700, Thursday Island, Queensland, Australia (D).

Figure 6 in Taxonomic classification of the reef coral family Lobophylliidae (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Scleractinia)

Figure 6. Australophyllia Benzoni & Arrigoni in Arrigoni et al., 2016a, has uniserial corallites with fused walls sometimes forming monticules, medium-size (4–15 mm) and medium-relief (3–6 mm) calices, septa in ≥ 4 cycles (≥ 48 septa), and well-developed epitheca. Septal teeth typically with medium height (0.3–0.6 mm) and spacing (0.3–1.0 mm), equally shaped between first- and third-order septa, equally sized between wall and septum, and smooth interarea. Walls formed by dominant paratheca and partial septotheca, with strong costa centre clusters. (A–F) Australophyllia wilsoni (Veron, 1985), type and only living species of Australophyllia; macromorphology, holotype WAM Z910, Rat Island, Houtman Abrolhos Islands, Western Australia (A, D; photo by WAM); micromorphology (scanning electron microscopy; B, E), hypotype WAM WIL05, Hall Bank, Western Australia; and microstructure (transverse thin section; C, F), hypotype WAM WIL03, Hall Bank, Western Australia.

Figure 5 in Taxonomic classification of the reef coral family Lobophylliidae (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Scleractinia)

Figure 5. Acanthastrea Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848a, generally has discrete corallites, with varying amounts of coenosteum, or may be phaceloid/flabello-meandroid, with medium to large (≥ 4 mm) and medium- to high-relief (≥ 3 mm) calices, and septa in three cycles (24–36 septa). Septal teeth with medium height (0.3–0.6 mm) and medium to wide spacing (≥ 0.3 mm), unequally shaped between first- and third-order septa, equally sized between wall and septum, and smooth interarea. Walls formed by dominant paratheca and partial septotheca, with strong costa and septum centre clusters. (A–C) Acanthastrea echinata (Dana, 1846), type species of Acanthastrea; macromorphology, Acanthastrea spinosa Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848a, holotype of Acanthastrea MNHN IK-2010-599, Tongatapu, Tonga (A; photo by A. Andouche); micromorphology (scanning electron microscopy; B) and microstructure (transverse thin section; C), syntype USNM 25, Fiji. D–F, Acanthastrea pachysepta (Chevalier, 1975); macromorphology, holotype MNHN IK-2010-660, Chesterfield, Islands, New Caledonia (D); micromorphology (E) and microstructure (F), hypotype USNM 45515, Murray Island, Australia. (G–I) Acanthastrea rotundoflora Chevalier, 1975; macromorphology, holotype MNHN IK-2010-675, south-east Fabre Atoll, New Caledonia (G); micromorphology (H) and microstructure (I), hypotype IRD HS3166, New Caledonia.

FIGURE 21. Female genitalia, ovipositor. a–i in Revised classification of the New World Cylapini (Heteroptera: Miridae: Cylapinae): taxonomic review of the genera Cylapinus, Cylapoides and Peltidocylapus and a morphology-based phylogenetic analysis of tribe Cylapini

FIGURE 21. Female genitalia, ovipositor. a–i. Apex of first gonapophysis; j–q. Apex of second gonapophysis. a, j. Amapacylapus amapariensis; b. Cylapinus minusculus; c, k. Cylapoides unicolor; d, l. Cylapomorpha sp.; e, m. Cylapus amazonicus; f, n. Cylapus citus; g, o. Cylapus ruficeps; h, p. Peltidocylapus ecuadorensis; i, q. Peltidocylapus parallelus.

FIGURE 20. Female genitalia. Vestibular area. a in Revised classification of the New World Cylapini (Heteroptera: Miridae: Cylapinae): taxonomic review of the genera Cylapinus, Cylapoides and Peltidocylapus and a morphology-based phylogenetic analysis of tribe Cylapini

FIGURE 20. Female genitalia. Vestibular area. a. Amapacylapus amapariensis; b. Cylapinus minusculus; c. Cylapoides unicolor; d. Cylapus antennatus; e. Cylapus citus; f. Cylapus tenuicornis; g. Peltidocylapus parallelus; h. Valdasus flavinotum.

FIGURE 22. Female genitalia. a, b, d–f in Revised classification of the New World Cylapini (Heteroptera: Miridae: Cylapinae): taxonomic review of the genera Cylapinus, Cylapoides and Peltidocylapus and a morphology-based phylogenetic analysis of tribe Cylapini

FIGURE 22. Female genitalia. a, b, d–f. Bursa copulatrix (dorsal view); c. Bursa copulatrix (lateral view); g, h. Base of first gonapophyses; i–l. Apex of second gonapophysis. a. Psallops sp.; b, c, g, j. Afrovannius schmitzi; d. Vannius sp.; e, k. Cylapocoris sp.; f, h, l. Fulvius pallens; i. Leprocapsus scutellaris.

FIGURE 16. Female genitalia. a, d, g in Revised classification of the New World Cylapini (Heteroptera: Miridae: Cylapinae): taxonomic review of the genera Cylapinus, Cylapoides and Peltidocylapus and a morphology-based phylogenetic analysis of tribe Cylapini

FIGURE 16. Female genitalia. a, d, g. Bursa copulatrix (dorsal view); b, e, h. Bursa copulatrix (dorsal view, ventral labiate plate dissected). c, f, i. Ventral labiate plate and seminal depository (ventral view, with remainder of bursa copulatrix dissected). j. First gonapophyses and bursa copulatrix (ventral view); k. Bursa copulatrix (left lateral view). a–c. Cylapus amazonicus; d–f. Cylapus antennatus; g–k. Cylapus citus. dlp = dorsal labiate plate; odl = lateral oviduct; sd = seminal depository; sg = spermathecal gland; sr = sclerotized ring; vlp = ventral labiate plate; vstb = vestibulum.

FIGURE 7. Lateral view. a in Revised classification of the New World Cylapini (Heteroptera: Miridae: Cylapinae): taxonomic review of the genera Cylapinus, Cylapoides and Peltidocylapus and a morphology-based phylogenetic analysis of tribe Cylapini

FIGURE 7. Lateral view. a. Cylapinus minusculus (♀); b. Cylapinus yasunagai (paratype); c. Cylapoides unicolor (♀); d. Peltidocylapus calyciformis (paratype); e. Peltidocylapus cerbereus (lectotype).

FIGURE 15. Female genitalia. a, b, f, g, h in Revised classification of the New World Cylapini (Heteroptera: Miridae: Cylapinae): taxonomic review of the genera Cylapinus, Cylapoides and Peltidocylapus and a morphology-based phylogenetic analysis of tribe Cylapini

FIGURE 15. Female genitalia. a, b, f, g, h. Bursa copulatrix (dorsal view); c, d. Ventral labiate plate; e. Sclerotized rings of dorsal labiate plate. a. Amapacylapus amapariensis; b, c. Amapacylapus unicolor; d–f. Cylapinus minusculus; g. Cylapoides unicolor; h. Cylapomorpha sp. dlp = dorsal labiate plate; odl = lateral oviduct; sd = seminal depository; sg = spermathecal gland; sr = sclerotized ring; vlp = ventral labiate plate.

FIGURE 3. Dorsal habitus photographs. a in Revised classification of the New World Cylapini (Heteroptera: Miridae: Cylapinae): taxonomic review of the genera Cylapinus, Cylapoides and Peltidocylapus and a morphology-based phylogenetic analysis of tribe Cylapini

FIGURE 3. Dorsal habitus photographs. a. Cylapinus minusculus (♂, Ecuador); b. Cylapinus yasunagai (holotype); c. Cylapoides bicolor (holotype); d. Cylapoides unicolor (♂, Ecuador).

FIGURE 14. Male genitalia. a, f, l, r in Revised classification of the New World Cylapini (Heteroptera: Miridae: Cylapinae): taxonomic review of the genera Cylapinus, Cylapoides and Peltidocylapus and a morphology-based phylogenetic analysis of tribe Cylapini

FIGURE 14. Male genitalia. a, f, l, r. Endosoma (dorsal view); b, h, n. Endosoma (ventral view); g, m. Endosoma (right lateral view); c, i, o, s. Left paramere (right lateral view). d, j, p, t. Left paramere (dorsal view). e, k, q, u. Right paramere (left lateral view). a–e. Peltidocylapus rugosus; f–k. Peltidocylapus scutellaris; l–k. Peltidocylapus simplex; r–u. Peltidocylapus spinosus. dss = distal part of ductus seminis inside endosoma. Scale bars 0.2 mm.

FIGURE 17. Female genitalia. a, c, g, j in Revised classification of the New World Cylapini (Heteroptera: Miridae: Cylapinae): taxonomic review of the genera Cylapinus, Cylapoides and Peltidocylapus and a morphology-based phylogenetic analysis of tribe Cylapini

FIGURE 17. Female genitalia. a, c, g, j, Bursa copulatrix (dorsal view); b. Bursa copulatrix (ventral view); d, k. Bursa copulatrix (dorsal view, with ventral labiate plate and seminal depository dissected); e, i, m. Ventral labiate plate and seminal depository (ventral view, with remainder of bursa copulatrix dissected); f, h, l. Bursa copulatrix (ventral view, with ventral labiate plate and seminal depository dissected). a, b. Cylapus marginicollis; c–f. Cylapus ruficeps; g–i. Cylapus tenuicornis; j–m. Cylapus tucuruiensis. dlp = dorsal labiate plate; odl = lateral oviduct; sd = seminal depository; sg = spermathecal gland; sr = sclerotized ring; vlp = ventral labiate plate.

FIGURE 12. Male genitalia. a, d, g, j, p in Revised classification of the New World Cylapini (Heteroptera: Miridae: Cylapinae): taxonomic review of the genera Cylapinus, Cylapoides and Peltidocylapus and a morphology-based phylogenetic analysis of tribe Cylapini

FIGURE 12. Male genitalia. a, d, g, j, p. Endosoma (dorsal view); b, e, h, m, s. Left paramere (right lateral view). c, f, i, o, u. Right paramere (left lateral view); n, t. Left paramere (dorsal view). k, q. Transparent portion of distal sclerotized portion of ductus seminis inside endosoma; l, r. Endosoma (ventral view). a–c. Cylapinus minusculus; d–f. Cylapinus yasunagai; g–i. Cylapoides unicolor; j–o. Peltidocylapus calyciformis; p–u. Peltidocylapus caudatus. ap = apical process; bp = basal process; dss = distal part of ductus seminis inside endosoma; pb = paramere body; sl = sensory lobe. Scale bars 0.2 mm.

FIGURE 2 in Revised classification of the New World Cylapini (Heteroptera: Miridae: Cylapinae): taxonomic review of the genera Cylapinus, Cylapoides and Peltidocylapus and a morphology-based phylogenetic analysis of tribe Cylapini

FIGURE 2. Strict consensus tree obtained from two most parsimonious trees using implied weighting of characters (k=3). Numbers of nodes are in circles. Non–homoplastic changes in character states are represented with black circles, homoplastic changes with white circles. Symmetric resampling supports (SRS) are indicated below branches.

FIGURE 10. Scanning electron micrographs. a in Revised classification of the New World Cylapini (Heteroptera: Miridae: Cylapinae): taxonomic review of the genera Cylapinus, Cylapoides and Peltidocylapus and a morphology-based phylogenetic analysis of tribe Cylapini

FIGURE 10. Scanning electron micrographs. a. Pronotum (left lateral view); b–h. Thoracic pleura; i–m. Metatarsus. n, o. Pretarsal claw. a. Valdasus schoechnerri; b. Amapacylapus amapariensis; c, i. Cylapus tenuicornis; d. Peltidocylapus scutellaris; e, j. Valdasus henryi; f. Bothriomiris dissimulans; g. Cylapocoris sp.; h. Psallops sp.; k, o. Vannius sp.; l. Fulvius sp.; m. Cylapocoris sp.; n. Cylapinus minusculus.