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113 results for “temnospondyls”
Figure 5 in The plagiosaurid temnospondyl Plagiosuchus pustuliferus (Amphibia: Temnospondyli) from the Middle Triassic of Germany: anatomy and functional morphology of the skull
Figure 5. Plagiosuchus pustuliferus, NHMS-WT 650. Photographs of the right mandible in: A, dorsal; B, lingual; C, labial; D, ventral views.
Figure 3. Plagiosuchus pustuliferus, SMNS 57921 in The plagiosaurid temnospondyl Plagiosuchus pustuliferus (Amphibia: Temnospondyli) from the Middle Triassic of Germany: anatomy and functional morphology of the skull
Figure 3. Plagiosuchus pustuliferus, SMNS 57921. Interpretive drawing of the skull in ventral view, with bones indicated on the lower figure.
Figure 2. Plagiosuchus pustuliferus, SMNS 57921 in The plagiosaurid temnospondyl Plagiosuchus pustuliferus (Amphibia: Temnospondyli) from the Middle Triassic of Germany: anatomy and functional morphology of the skull
Figure 2. Plagiosuchus pustuliferus, SMNS 57921. Interpretive drawing of the skull in dorsal view, with bones indicated on the lower figure.
Figure 1. Plagiosuchus pustuliferus, SMNS 57921 in The plagiosaurid temnospondyl Plagiosuchus pustuliferus (Amphibia: Temnospondyli) from the Middle Triassic of Germany: anatomy and functional morphology of the skull
Figure 1. Plagiosuchus pustuliferus, SMNS 57921. Photographs of the skull in: A, dorsal; B, ventral; C, occipital views.
Dataset for: On the estimation of body mass in temnospondyls: A case study using the large-bodied Eryops and Paracyclotosaurus
<p>Temnospondyli are a morphologically varied and ecologically diverse clade of tetrapods that survived for over 200 million years. The body mass of temnospondyls is a key variable in inferring their ecological, physiological, and biomechanical attributes. However, estimating the body mass of these extinct creatures has proven difficult because the group has no extant descendants. Here we apply a wide range of body mass estimation techniques developed for tetrapods to the iconic temnospondyls <em>Paracyclotosaurus davidi</em> and <em>Eryops megacephalus</em>. These same methods are also applied to a collection of extant organisms that serve as ecological and morphological analogues. These include the giant salamanders <em>Andrias japonicus</em> and <em>Andrias davidianus</em>, the tiger salamander <em>Ambystoma tigrinum</em>, the California newt <em>Taricha torosa,</em> and the saltwater crocodile, <em>Crocodylus porosus</em>. We find that several methods can provide accurate mass estimations across this range of living taxa, suggesting their suitability for estimating the body masses of temnospondyls. Based on this, we estimate the mass of <em>Paracyclotosaurus</em> was between 159 and 365 kg, and <em>Eryops</em> was between 102 and 222 kg. These findings provide a basis for examining body size evolution in this clade across their entire temporal span.</p>
Fig. 7 in On a new stereospondylomorph temnospondyl from the Middle-Late Permian of Southern Brazil
Fig. 7. Strict consensus tree resulting from the reduced analysis of Schoch's (2013) matrix.
Dataset for: On the estimation of body mass in temnospondyls: A case study using the large-bodied Eryops and Paracyclotosaurus
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Figure 13 in The cranial morphology of the temnospondyl Australerpeton cosgriffi (Tetrapoda: Stereospondyli) from the Middle-Late Permian of Paraná Basin and the phylogenetic relationships of Rhinesuchidae
Figure 13. Tympanic cavities of Eryopiformes, including Stereospondyli (see characters 91, 201, 210 in Supporting information Appendix S2). A, Eryops megacephalus (AMNH 23529), dorsal view of the right otic notch. B, Platyoposaurus watsoni (PIN 161/39), posterolateral view of the right otic notch. C, Konzhukovia vetusta (PIN 520/1), dorsal view of the right otic notch. D, Australerpeton cosgriffi (UFRGS-PV-0230-P), posterolateral view of the left otic notch. E, Rhineceps nyasaensis (CAMZM T.259), posterolateral view of the right otic notch. F, Uranocentrodon senekalensis (TM 185), posterolateral view of the left otic notch. Scale bars: A–C, E, F = 3 cm; D = 1 cm. The arrows indicate the dorsal pterygoid crest (white), the stapedial groove (black), and the oblique crest (yellow).
Figure 6. Australerpeton cosgriffi Barberena, 1998 in The cranial morphology of the temnospondyl Australerpeton cosgriffi (Tetrapoda: Stereospondyli) from the Middle-Late Permian of Paraná Basin and the phylogenetic relationships of Rhinesuchidae
Figure 6. Australerpeton cosgriffi Barberena, 1998. Reconstruction of skull in ventral view. Dark grey areas represent openings or fenestrae. Light grey areas represent recessed areas of bone, areas of articulation (mandibular and occipital), and denticles on palate. Abbreviations: apv, anterior palatal vacuity; bo, basioccipital; cm, crista muscularis; co, choana; cp, cultriform process; ec, ectopterygoid; iv, interpterygoid vacuity; mx, maxilla; occ, occipital condyle; pl, palatine; pmx, premaxilla; ps, parasphenoid; pt, pterygoid; qd, quadrate; qj, quadratojugal; sf, subtemporal fenestra; tub, medial tubercle of the premaxilla; vo, vomer; vpj, ventral process of the jugal. Scale bar = 5 cm.
Figure 9. Australerpeton cosgriffi Barberena, 1998 in The cranial morphology of the temnospondyl Australerpeton cosgriffi (Tetrapoda: Stereospondyli) from the Middle-Late Permian of Paraná Basin and the phylogenetic relationships of Rhinesuchidae
Figure 9. Australerpeton cosgriffi Barberena, 1998. Posterior region of the palate of UFRGS-PV-0229-P. Photograph (A) and interpretative drawing (B). Dark grey areas represent openings or fenestrae. Light grey areas represent recessed areas of bone (tympanic cavity), areas of articulation (occipital) or insertion (pockets for insertion of vertebro-occipital musculature), and denticles on the palate. The black areas represent areas of the dorsal surface. Abbreviations: asd, denticles on the parasphenoid with arch-shaped distribution; bo, basioccipital; cm, crista muscularis; gm, groove possibly for the insertion of a mucous membrane or dentigerous ossicles on the interpterygoid vacuity; iv, interpterygoid vacuity; occ, occipital condyle; poc, 'pockets' for the insertion of the occipital musculature; ps, parasphenoid; pt, pterygoid. Scale bar = 5 cm.
Figure 5. Australerpeton cosgriffi Barberena, 1998 in The cranial morphology of the temnospondyl Australerpeton cosgriffi (Tetrapoda: Stereospondyli) from the Middle-Late Permian of Paraná Basin and the phylogenetic relationships of Rhinesuchidae
Figure 5. Australerpeton cosgriffi Barberena, 1998. Reconstruction of the skull in dorsal view. Dark grey areas represent openings or fenestrae. Light grey areas represent recessed areas of bone (tympanic cavity). Abbreviations: en, external naris; fr, frontal; jug, jugal; la, lacrimal; mx, maxilla; na, nasal; orb, orbit; pa, parietal; pf, postfrontal; po, postorbital; ppa, postparietal; prf, prefrontal; pmx, premaxilla; qd, quadrate; qj, quadratojugal; sq, squamosal; st, supratemporal; tab, tabular. Scale bar = 5 cm.
Figure 4. Australerpeton cosgriffi Barberena, 1998 in The cranial morphology of the temnospondyl Australerpeton cosgriffi (Tetrapoda: Stereospondyli) from the Middle-Late Permian of Paraná Basin and the phylogenetic relationships of Rhinesuchidae
Figure 4. Australerpeton cosgriffi Barberena, 1998. UFRGS-PV-0224-P, photographs (above) and interpretative drawing (below) in dorsal (A), posterior (B), and ventral (C) views. Dark grey areas represent openings or sediment-infilled fenestrae. Light grey areas represent recessed areas of bone (tympanic cavity), articulation (mandibular and occipital), or denticles on palate. Areas filled with parallel lines are broken surfaces. Abbreviations: afm, articular facet of mandible; an, angular; ar, articular; arg, arcadian groove; arp, arcadian process; bo, basioccipital; cm, crista muscularis; co, choana; cp, cultriform process; ctf, chorda tympanica foramen; de, dentary; ec, ectopterygoid; ex, exoccipital; fcr, falciform crest; fm, foramen magnum; fopq, foramen paraquadratum accessorium; foq, foramen quadratum; fr, frontal; iv, interpterygoid vacuity; jug, jugal; jvp, ventral process of the jugal; la, lacrimal; memb., ridge corresponding to the basal attachment of the medial membrane of the tympanic cavity (sensu Watson, 1962); ms, mandibular sulcus; mx, maxilla; na, nasal; occ, occipital condyle; orb, orbit; pa, parietal; par, prearticular; pf, postfrontal; pfe, post-temporal fenestra; pgp, postglenoid process; pl, palatine; pmf, posterior Meckelian fenestra; po, postorbital; ppa, postparietal; prf, prefrontal; ps, parasphenoid; psp, postsplenial; pt, pterygoid; qd, quadrate; qj, quadratojugal; rap, retroarticular process; san, surangular; sf, subtemporal fenestra; sp, splenial; sq, squamosal; st, supratemporal; tab, tabular; tabh, tabular horn; tcr, tympanic crest; vo, vomer. Scale bars = 5 cm.
Figure 12 in The cranial morphology of the temnospondyl Australerpeton cosgriffi (Tetrapoda: Stereospondyli) from the Middle-Late Permian of Paraná Basin and the phylogenetic relationships of Rhinesuchidae
Figure 12. Parasphenoids of Eryopiformes in ventral view, including Stereospondyli (see characters 27, 76, 82, 199, 209 in Supporting information Appendix S2). A, Eryops megacephalus (AMNH 4673). B, Platyoposaurus watsoni (PIN 161/ 20). C, Australerpeton cosgriffi (UFRGS-PV-0224-P). D, Uranocentrodon senekalensis (TM 185). E, Lydekkerina huxleyi (CAMZM T.238). F, Benthosuchus sushkini (PIN 219/2257). Scale bars: A, D = 5 cm, B, C, F = 3 cm, E = 1 cm.
Figure 8. Australerpeton cosgriffi Barberena, 1998 in The cranial morphology of the temnospondyl Australerpeton cosgriffi (Tetrapoda: Stereospondyli) from the Middle-Late Permian of Paraná Basin and the phylogenetic relationships of Rhinesuchidae
Figure 8. Australerpeton cosgriffi Barberena, 1998, left otic notch of UFRGS-PV-0230-P. Photograph (A) and interpretative drawing (B), showing the crests of the tympanic cavity. Dark grey areas represent the area of the stapedial groove. Light grey areas represent the lateral wall of the tympanic cavity. Areas filled with parallel lines are broken or restored surfaces. Abbreviations: dpc, dorsal pterygoid crest; fcr, falciform crest; memb., ridge corresponding to the basal attachment of the medial membrane of the tympanic cavity (sensu Watson, 1962); obc; oblique crest; pt, pterygoid (ascending lamina); qd, quadrate; qj, quadratojugal; sq, squamosal; st, supratemporal; stg, stapedial groove; tab, tabular; tcr, tympanic crest. Scale bar = 5 cm.
Figure 3. Australerpeton cosgriffi Barberena, 1998 in The cranial morphology of the temnospondyl Australerpeton cosgriffi (Tetrapoda: Stereospondyli) from the Middle-Late Permian of Paraná Basin and the phylogenetic relationships of Rhinesuchidae
Figure 3. Australerpeton cosgriffi Barberena, 1998. UFRGS-PV-0227-P (holotype). Photographs (above) and interpretative drawing (below) in dorsal (A), posterior (B), and ventral (C) views. Dark grey areas represent openings or sedimentinfilled fenestrae. Light grey areas represent recessed areas of bone (tympanic cavity), areas of articulation (mandibular and occipital), and denticles on palate. Areas filled with parallel lines are broken surfaces. Abbreviations: cm, crista muscularis; co, choana; cp, cultriform process; ec, ectopterygoid; en, external naris; ex, exoccipital; fcr, falciform crest; fr, frontal; iv, interpterygoid vacuity; jug, jugal; la, lacrimal; memb., ridge corresponding to the basal attachment of the medial membrane of the tympanic cavity (sensu Watson, 1962); mx, maxilla; na, nasal; obc, oblique crest; occ, occipital condyle; orb, orbit; pa, parietal; pf, postfrontal; pfe, post-temporal fenestra; pl, palatine; po, postorbital; ppa, postparietal; prf, prefrontal; ps, parasphenoid; pt, pterygoid; qd, quadrate; qj, quadratojugal; sf, subtemporal fenestra; sq, squamosal; st, supratemporal; tab, tabular; tabh, tabular horn; tcr, tympanic crest; tyc, tympanic cavity; vo, vomer; vpj, ventral process of the jugal. Scale bars = 5 cm.
Figure 11 in The cranial morphology of the temnospondyl Australerpeton cosgriffi (Tetrapoda: Stereospondyli) from the Middle-Late Permian of Paraná Basin and the phylogenetic relationships of Rhinesuchidae
Figure 11. Part of the most parsimonious tree, including only Stereospondylomorpha. The rectangles represent all supporting synapomorphies mapped onto each node; state 0 in white and states 1, 2 or 3 in black.
Figure 2. Australerpeton cosgriffi Barberena, 1998 in The cranial morphology of the temnospondyl Australerpeton cosgriffi (Tetrapoda: Stereospondyli) from the Middle-Late Permian of Paraná Basin and the phylogenetic relationships of Rhinesuchidae
Figure 2. Australerpeton cosgriffi Barberena, 1998. Photographs (above) and interpretative drawings (below) of cranial material in dorsal view. A, UFRGS-PV-0227-P (holotype; partial skull without rostrum and lacking the right side). B, UFRGS-PV-0224-P (partial skull without rostrum). C, UFRGS-PV-0225-P (partial skull without the anterior extremity, possibly a juvenile). D, UFRGS-PV-0228-P (rostrum). E, UFRGS-PV-0230-P (fragment of the left posterior part of skull). F, UFRGS-PV-0229-P (partial skull without rostrum). Scale bars = 5 cm.
Figure 1 in The cranial morphology of the temnospondyl Australerpeton cosgriffi (Tetrapoda: Stereospondyli) from the Middle-Late Permian of Paraná Basin and the phylogenetic relationships of Rhinesuchidae
Figure 1. Geographical position of Serra do Cadeado (white circle) in the context of the Paraná Basin (grey area); the black area corresponds to Permian outcrops.
Figure 7. Australerpeton cosgriffi Barberena, 1998 in The cranial morphology of the temnospondyl Australerpeton cosgriffi (Tetrapoda: Stereospondyli) from the Middle-Late Permian of Paraná Basin and the phylogenetic relationships of Rhinesuchidae
Figure 7. Australerpeton cosgriffi Barberena, 1998. Reconstruction of the skull in posterior view. Dark grey areas represent openings or fenestrae. Light grey areas represent recessed areas of bone (tympanic cavity) and areas of articulation (mandibular and occipital). Abbreviations: bo, basioccipital; ex, exoccipital; fm, foramen magnum; memb, ridge corresponding to the basal attachment of the medial membrane of the tympanic cavity (sensu Watson, 1962); occ, occipital condyle; pfe, post-temporal fenestra; ppa, postparietal; ps, parasphenoid; pt, pterygoid; qd, quadrate; qj, quadratojugal; sq, squamosal; tab, tabular; tyc, tympanic cavity. Scale bar = 5 cm.
Figure 10. The most parsimonious tree that resulted from the phylogenetic analysis, with 509 in The cranial morphology of the temnospondyl Australerpeton cosgriffi (Tetrapoda: Stereospondyli) from the Middle-Late Permian of Paraná Basin and the phylogenetic relationships of Rhinesuchidae
Figure 10. The most parsimonious tree that resulted from the phylogenetic analysis, with 509 steps, depicting the position of Australerpeton cosgriffi. Decay indices (Bremer support) with values above 1 are given below the nodes. Bootstrap percentages are given after the Bremer support values (ins) for clades with values above 50%.
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