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334 results for “temporal variation”
Pattern of seasonal variation in rates of predation between spider families is temporally stable in a food web with widespread intraguild predation
<p>Intraguild predation (IGP) – predation between generalist predators (IGPredator and IGPrey) that potentially compete for a shared prey resource – is a common interaction module in terrestrial food webs. Understanding temporal variation in webs with widespread IGP is relevant to testing food web theory. We investigated temporal constancy in the structure of such a system: the spider-focused food web of the forest floor. Multiplex PCR was used to detect prey DNA in 3,300 adult spiders collected from the floor of a deciduous forest during spring, summer, and fall over four years. Because only spiders were defined as consumers, the web was tripartite, with 11 consumer nodes (spider families) and 22 resource nodes: 11 non-spider arthropod taxa (order- or family-level) and the 11 spider families. Most (99%) spider-spider predation was on spider IGPrey, and ~90% of these interactions were restricted to spider families within the same broadly defined foraging mode (cursorial or web-spinning spiders). Bootstrapped-derived confidence intervals (BCI's) for two indices of web structure, restricted connectance and interaction evenness, overlapped broadly across years and seasons. A third index, % IGPrey (% IGPrey among all prey of spiders), was similar across years (~50%) but varied seasonally, with a summer rate (65%) ~1.8x higher than spring and fall. This seasonal pattern was consistent across years. Our results suggest that extensive spider predation on spider IGPrey that exhibits consistent seasonal variation in frequency, and that occurs primarily within two broadly defined spider-spider interaction pathways, must be incorporated into models of the dynamics of forest-floor food webs. </p>
Data from: The duration of high spring light for understory plants: contrasting responses to spatial and temporal temperature variation
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Data from: Temporal variation of soil microarthropods in different forest types and regions of Central Europe
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Spatio-temporal variation in diet among age and sex cohorts of a model generalist bird species, the Great Tit Parus major: new insights revealed by DNA metabarcoding
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Data for: Temporal variations in female moose responses to roads and logging in the absence of wolves
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Pattern of seasonal variation in rates of predation between spider families is temporally stable in a food web with widespread intraguild predation
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Temporal variation in plant-pollinator interactions, Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, CO, USA, 2013 - 2015
These datafiles contain the plant-pollinator interaction data collected by Paul CaraDonna et al. at the Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory in Gothic, CO, USA during the 2013, 2014 and 2015 growing season. These data were collected to investigate temporal variation in plant-pollinator interactions; specifically, these data were collected in a manner to allow for the construction of weekly plant-pollinator interaction networks in order to investigate fine scale temporal variation in plant-pollinator interactions. The data represent extensive community-wide field observations of animal pollinators visiting flowering plants in a subalpine ecosystem for the majority of the summer growing season (May–September).
The degree of spatial variation relative to temporal variation influences evolution of dispersal
In the face of ongoing global climate an land use change, organisms have multiple possibilities to cope with the modification of their environment. The two main possibilities are to either adapt locall or disperse to a more suitable habitat. The evolution of both local adaptation and dispersal interacts and can be influenced by the spatial and temporal variation (of e.g. temperature or precipitation). In an individual based model (IBM), we explore evolution of phenotypes in landscapes with varying degree of spatial relative to global temporal variation in order to examine it's influence on the evolution of dispersal, niche optimum and niche width. The relationship between temporal and spatial variation did neither influence the evolution of local adaptation in the niche optimum nor of niche widths. Dispersal probability is highly influenced by the spatio-temporal relationship: with increasing spatial variation, dispersal probability decreases. Additionally, the shape of the distribution of the trait values over patch attributes switches from hump- to U-shaped. At low spatial variance more individuals emigrate from average habitats, at high spatial variance more from extreme habitats. The comparatively high dispersal probability in extreme patches of landscapes with a high spatial variation can be explained by evolutionary succession of two kinds of adaptive response. Early in the simulations, extreme patches in landscapes with a high spatial variability act as sink habitats, where population persistence depends on highly dispersive individuals with a wide niche. With ongoing evolution, local adaptation of the remaining individuals takes over, but simultaneously a possible bet-hedging strategy promotes higher dispersal probabilities in those habitats. Here, in generations that experience extreme shifts from the temporal mean of the patch attribute, the expected fitness becomes higher for dispersing individuals than for philopatric individuals. This means under certain circumstances, both local adaptation and high dispersal probability can be selected for.
Temporal variation in maternal nest choice and its consequences for lizard embryos
Microhabitat choice of nest sites is an important maternal effect that influences the survival and development of embryos in oviparous species. Embryos of many species display a high degree of plasticity in response to developmental environments, which places maternal nesting behavior under strong selective pressure, particularly in temporally-changing environments. Nesting behavior varies widely across taxa that exhibit diverse reproductive strategies. The brown anole (Anolis sagrei), for example, lays one egg every 7-10 days across an extended reproductive season from April to October. This aspect of their reproduction provides an opportunity to examine temporal shifts in nesting behavior and its consequences on egg survival and offspring development under seasonally-changing climatic conditions. We conducted a two-part study to quantify temporal variation in maternal nesting behavior and its effect on development of A. sagrei embryos. First, we measured nest microenvironments over the nesting season. Second, we "planted" eggs across the landscape at our field site to examine the influence of nest conditions on egg survival and hatchling phenotypes. We also incubated eggs inside chambers in the field to decouple effects of nest moisture from those of other environmental variables (e.g., temperature).Females chose nest sites with higher moisture and lower temperatures relative to what was generally available across the landscape during the nesting season. In addition, eggs exposed to relatively cool temperatures had higher hatching success, and high nest moisture increased egg survival and body condition of hatchlings. Overall, we provide evidence in the field that maternal nesting behavior facilitates offspring survival.
Geographic variation and temporal trends in ice phenology in Norwegian lakes during a century
<p>The physical characteristics of ice formation in water courses are ideal for studying climatic variation in space and time. We used a large set of observations for 9-116 years (1890-2019) of the timing of freeze-up and break-up, and the length of ice-free season for 99 Norwegian lakes to elucidate variation in ice phenology across space and time. The dataset of Norwegian lakes is unusual, covering considerable variation in altitude (4 – 1401 m above sea level) and climate (varying from oceanic to continental) within a large latitudinal and longitudinal gradient (58.2 – 69.9 °N; 4.9 – 30.2 °E).</p> <p>The average date of ice break-up occurred later in spring with increasing altitude and latitude, but earlier in spring with increasing longitude. The average date of freeze-up and the length of the ice-free period decreased significantly with altitude and longitude. No correlation with distance from the ocean was detected. The geographical gradients are related to regional climate due to adiabatic processes (altitude), solar radian (latitude) and the degree of continentality (longitude). There was a significant lake area effect as small lakes froze-up earlier due to less volume. There was also a significant trend that lakes were completely frozen over later in the autumn in recent years. After accounting for the effect of long-term trends in the large-scale NAO index, a significant but weak trend over time for earlier ice break-up was detected. An understanding of the relationship between ice phenology and geographical parameters is a prerequisite for predicting the potential consequences of climate change on ice phenology. Changes in ice phenology will have consequences for the behaviour and life cycle dynamics of the aquatic biota.</p>
Predictability of temporal variation in climate and the evolution of seasonal polyphenism in tropical butterflies
<p>Phenotypic plasticity in heterogeneous environments can provide tight environment-phenotype matching. However, the pre-requisite is a reliable environmental cue(s) that enables organisms to use current environmental information to induce the development of a phenotype with high fitness in a forthcoming environment. Here we quantify predictability in the timing of precipitation and temperature change to examine how this is associated with seasonal polyphenism in tropical Mycalesina butterflies. Seasonal precipitation in the tropics typically results in distinct selective environments, the wet- and dry seasons, and changes in temperature can be a major environmental cue. We sampled communities of Mycalesina butterflies from two seasonal and one aseasonal location. Quantifying environmental predictability using wavelet analysis and Colwell's indices confirmed a strong periodicity of precipitation over a 12-month period at both seasonal locations compared to the aseasonal one. However, temperature seasonality and periodicity differed between the two seasonal locations. We further show that: (1) most females from both seasonal locations synchronise their reproduction with the seasons by breeding in the wet season but arresting reproduction in the dry season. In contrast, all species breed throughout the year in the aseasonal location, and (2) species from the seasonal locations, but not those from the aseasonal location, exhibited polyphenism in wing pattern traits (eyespot size). We conclude that seasonal precipitation and its predictability are primary factors shaping the evolution of polyphenism in Mycalesina butterflies, and populations or species secondarily evolve local adaptations for cue use that depend on the local variation in the environment.</p>
Geographical and temporal variation of multiple paternity in invasive mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki, Gambusia affinis)
<p>Multiple paternity (MP) increases offspring's genetic variability, which could be linked to invasive species' evolvability in novel distribution ranges. Shifts in MP can be adaptive, with greater MP in harsher/colder environments or towards the end of the reproductive season, but climate could also affect MP indirectly via its effect on reproductive life histories. We tested these hypotheses by genotyping <i>N </i>= 2,903 offspring from <i>N </i>= 306 broods of two closely related livebearing fishes, <i>Gambusia holbrooki</i> and <i>Gambusia affinis</i>. We sampled pregnant females across latitudinal gradients in their invasive ranges in Europe and China, and found more sires per brood and a greater reproductive skew towards northern sampling sites. Moreover, examining monthly sampling from two <i>G. affinis</i> populations, we found MP rates to vary across the reproductive season in a northern Chinese, but not in a southern Chinese population. While our results confirm an increase of MP in harsher/more unpredictable environments, path analysis indicated that, in both cases, the effects of climate are likely to be indirect, mediated by altered life histories. In both species, which rank amongst the 100 most invasive species worldwide, higher MP at the northern edge of their distribution likely increases their invasive potential and favours range expansions, especially in light of the predicted temperature increases due to global climate changes.</p>
Spatial and temporal heterogeneity in pollinator communities maintains within-species floral odour variation
<p>Flowering plants emit complex bouquets of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to mediate interactions with their pollinators. These bouquets are undoubtedly influenced by pollinator-mediated selection, particularly in deceptively-pollinated species that rely on chemical mimicry. However, many uncertainties remain regarding how spatially and temporally heterogeneous pollinators affect the diversity and distribution of floral odour variation. Here, we characterized and compared the floral odours of ten populations of deceptively-pollinated <em>Arum maculatum</em> (Araceae), and inter-annual and decadal variation in pollinator attraction within these populations. Additionally, we transplanted individuals from all sampled populations to two common garden sites dominated by different pollinator species (<em>Psychoda phalaenoides</em> or <em>Psycha grisescens</em>), and compared pollinator attraction rates to investigate whether populations maintained odour blends adapted to a specific pollinator. We identified high within- and among-population variation in a common blend of VOCs found across the range of <em>A. maculatum</em>. We also observed shifts in pollinator community composition within several populations over 1-2 years, as well as over the past decade. Common garden experiments further revealed that transplanted inflorescences generally attracted the dominant local pollinator species in both transplant sites. However, one population (Forêt du Gâvre, France) appears to exclusively attract <em>P. grisescens</em>, even when transplanted to a <em>P. phalaenoides</em>-dominated site. Together, our results suggest that maintaining diverse floral odour bouquets within populations may be advantageous when pollinator communities vary over short timescales. We propose that temporally-replicated ecological data are one potential key to understanding variation in complex traits such as floral odour, and in some cases may reveal resiliency to shifting pollinator communities.</p>
Temporal variations of the multifaceted biodiversity and assembly mechanisms in lake fish assemblages
<p>Understanding long-term changes of fish diversity and community assembly rules is crucial for freshwater conservation. Growing evidence indicates that studying functional and phylogenetic diversity beyond purely taxonomic considerations can provide different but complementary information on community assembly. Here, the taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic β-diversity of fish communities, as well as the community assembly mechanisms were explored in five impounded lakes of the China's South-to-North Water Diversion Project (SNWDP) from the 1980s to the 2010s. We found that: 1) there was an obvious trend of species homogenization in the five impounded lakes, but the long-term transformations of different dimensional β-diversities were divergent; 2) water quality and land use variables have greater impacts in multi-dimensional β-diversity; and, 3) community assembly process in taxonomic and functional dimensions were dominated by random process in both periods, while shifted from limiting similarity to habitat filtering in the phylogenetic dimension. These results highlight that functional and phylogenetic diversity are important additional ecological indices for assessing patterns of fish diversity in lakes.</p>
Data from: Distances and their visualization in studies of spatial-temporal genetic variation using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)
<p>Distance measures are widely used for examining genetic structure in datasets that comprise many individuals scored for a very large number of attributes. Genotype datasets composed of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) typically contain bi-allelic scores for tens of thousands if not hundreds of thousands of loci.</p> <p>We examine the application of distance measures to SNP genotypes and sequence tag presence-absences (SilicoDArT) and use real datasets and simulated data to illustrate pitfalls in the application of genetic distances and their visualization.</p> <p>The datasets used to illustrate points in the associated review are provided here together with the R script used to analyse the data. Data are either simulated internal to this script or are SNP data generated as part of other studies and included as compressed binary files readily accessable by reading into R using R base function readRDS(). Refer to the analysis script for examples.</p>
Individual and temporal variation in movement patterns of wild alpine reindeer and implications for disease management
<p>Animal behaviour is important for prevalence and outbreaks of infectious diseases, for instance by affecting individual interactions. Increasing the knowledge of individual movement patterns can provide better insight into disease prevalence and spread, helping to target efforts to minimise disease outbreaks. Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a fatal prion disease affecting cervids. CWD is transmitted by animal-to-animal contact and through the environment, thus individual variation in space use and social associations may influence disease transmission patterns and infection risk. CWD was detected in Norwegian alpine reindeer (<em>Rangifer tarandus</em>) in 2016, and eradication of the infected population was implemented. A 3:1 infection rate between males and females suggests sex-specific behavioural drivers. We utilised an extensive individual-based dataset of 149 GPS-marked wild reindeer to investigate individual variation in movement patterns in terms of inter- and intra-annual home range size and site fidelity, and variation in home range overlap and distances between individuals. We aimed to identify patterns which could indicate higher potential disease risk. Females had larger annual and seasonal home ranges than males, except during calving and rut. Greater home range overlaps and shorter between-individual distances were found between same-sex individuals than different-sex individuals, except during the rut. Accordingly, the rut season stands out with greater male home ranges, greater home range overlap and shorter distances between males and between males and females, which could indicate that this season is critical for disease transmission. Measures to prevent disease spread should lower contact rates, e.g., by reducing the abundance of adult males before they mix with other groups during the rut. This can be achieved for instance by allowing earlier hunt on adult males when they are distributed in small male groups, to reduce the transmission risk and keep disturbance of other individuals low.</p>
Data from: environmental DNA reveals temporal variation in mesophotic reefs of the Humboldt upwelling ecosystems of central Chile: towards a baseline for biodiversity monitoring of unexplored marine habitats
<p>Temperate mesophotic reef ecosystems (TMREs) are among the least known marine habitats. Information on their diversity and ecology is geographically and temporally scarce, especially in highly productive large upwelling ecosystems. Lack of information remains an obstacle to understanding the importance of TMREs as habitats, biodiversity reservoirs and their connections with better-studied shallow reefs. Here, we use environmental DNA (eDNA) from water samples to characterize the community composition of TMREs on the central Chilean coast generating the first baseline for monitoring the biodiversity of these habitats. We analyzed samples from two depths (30 and 60m) over four seasons (spring, summer, autumn, and winter) and at two locations approximately 16 km apart. We used a panel of three metabarcodes, two that target all eukaryotes (18S rRNA and mitochondrial COI) and one specifically targeting fishes (16S rRNA). All panels combined encompassed eDNA assigned to 42 phyla, 90 classes, 237 orders, and 402 families. The highest family richness was found for the phyla Arthropoda, Bacillariophyta and Chordata. Overall, family richness was similar between depths but decreased during summer, a pattern consistent at both locations. Our results indicate that the structure (composition) of the mesophotic communities varied predominantly with seasons. We analyzed further the better-resolved fish assemblage and compared eDNA with other visual methods at the same locations and depths. We recovered eDNA from nineteen genera of fish, six of these have also been observed on towed underwater videos, while thirteen were unique to eDNA. We discuss the potential drivers of seasonal differences in community composition and richness. Our results suggest that eDNA can provide valuable insights for monitoring TMRE communities but highlight the necessity of completing reference DNA databases available for this region.</p>
Temporal and spatial variation of zooplankton in relation to environmental variables in the upper Santos estuary, São Paulo, Brazil
<p><span>Zooplankton samples were collected through oblique trawls with a 200 µm net with a flow meter during low tide, at 4 sampling sites with different degrees of salinity in the upper Santos estuary, in 28 campaigns carried out between 2014 and 2023, to analyze the spatial and temporal variations in the structure and abundance of zooplankton in relation to environmental variables using data from a long-term monitoring, in this way, contributing to the update of knowledge about the zooplankton community of the Santos estuary. </span></p>
Dataset Mayen et al_Temporal variations of water carbon and atmospheric carbon dioxide fluxes in a temperate salt marsh and influence of aquatic metabolism
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Supplementary: Spatial-Temporal Variation in Erosion Rate of Lohit Bomi-Chayu Batholith around Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis (SE of Namche Barwa massif)
<p>It is supplementary material of Borgohain et al. (2025) in Tectonic journal and contains:</p> <ol> <li> <p>Method descriptions (Low-temperature thermochronology, Bayesian erosion model, mixing model, mineral concentration factor, HeFTy thermal modeling, age2exhume thermal modeling, and topographic analysis).</p> </li> <li> <p>Dataset of detrital low-temperature thermochronology (AFT, ZFT), insitu low-temperature thermochronology (AFT, ZHe, ZFT, apatite track length).</p> </li> <li> <p>Modeling outputs.</p> </li> <li> <p>Sample codes and locations (latitude, longitude).</p> </li> </ol> <p> </p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.