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149 results for “tropical soils”
Soil respiration in a successional tropical forest in Thailand
<p class="p1">Soil respiration (SR) in forests contributes significant emissions of carbon from terrestrial ecosystems into the atmosphere. Soil respiration is highly sensitive to environmental changes because it is affected by many factors, including soil temperature, soil moisture, microbial community, surface litter and vegetation type. Indeed, a small change in SR may have large impacts on the global carbon balance, further influencing feedbacks to climate change. Thus, detailed characterization of SR responses to changes in environmental conditions is needed to accurately estimate carbon dioxide emissions from forest ecosystems. However, data for such analyses are still limited, especially in tropical forests of Southeast Asia where various stages of forest succession exist due to previous land-use changes. In this preliminary study, we measured SR and some environmental factors including soil temperature (ST), soil moisture (SM) and organic matter content (OM) in three successional tropical forests in both wet and dry seasons. We also analyzed the relationships between SR and the three environmental variables. Results showed that SR was higher in the wet season and in older forests. While no response of SR to ST was found in younger forest stages, SR of the old-growth forest significantly responded to ST, plausibly due to the non-uniform forest structure, including gaps, that resulted in a wide range of ST. Across forest stages, SM was the limiting factor for SR in the wet season whereas SR significantly varied with OM in the dry season. Overall, our results indicated that the responses of SR to environmental factors were mediated by seasons and forest succession. These findings call for further investigations on SR and its variations with environmental factors in tropical forests with detailed temporal and spatial scales, particularly in Southeast Asia where patches of successional stages dominate.</p>
Data set: Native forest conversion alters soil macroinvertabrate diversity and soil quality in tropical mountain landscapes of northern Ecuador
<p>Data set an related material of the article entitled: Native forest conversion alters soil macroinvertabrate diversity and soil quality in tropical mountain landscapes of northern Ecuador</p>
Soil carbon is mostly grass-derived in tropical savannas, even under woody encroachment
<p>Tropical savannas have been increasingly targeted for carbon (C) sequestration from afforestation, assuming large gains in soil organic C (SOC) with increasing tree cover. Because savanna SOC is also derived from grasses, this assumption may not reflect real changes in SOC under afforestation, but grass contributions to SOC and changes in SOC with increasing tree cover remain poorly synthesized. Here, we combine a case study from Kruger National Park, South Africa, with data synthesized from tropical savannas globally to show that grass-derived C constitutes more than half of total SOC to a soil depth of 1-meter, even in soils directly under trees. The largest SOC concentrations were associated with the largest grass contributions (> 70% of total SOC). Regionally and across the tropics, SOC concentration was not explained by tree cover. Both SOC gain and loss were observed following increasing tree cover, and on average SOC storage within 1-meter profile only increased by a negligible and non-significant 6% (SE = 4%, n = 44). These results underscore the substantial contribution of grasses to SOC and the considerable uncertainty in SOC responses to increasing tree cover, challenging the widespread assumption that afforestation universally and substantially enhances SOC storage across tropical savannas.</p>
Soil Moisture Dominates the Land Surface Feedback in the Development of Compound Drought-Heat Extremes in Tropical South America (Part 3)
<p>This dataset is for a <em>JHM</em> (<em>Journal of Hydrometeorology</em>) paper, titled "<strong>Soil Moisture Dominates the Land Surface Feedback in the Development of Compound Drought-Heat Extremes in Tropical South America</strong>".</p>
Soil Moisture Dominates the Land Surface Feedback in the Development of Compound Drought-Heat Extremes in Tropical South America (Part 2)
<p>This dataset is for a <em>JHM</em> (<em>Journal of Hydrometeorology</em>) paper, titled "<strong>Soil Moisture Dominates the Land Surface Feedback in the Development of Compound Drought-Heat Extremes in Tropical South America</strong>".</p>
Soil Moisture Dominates the Land Surface Feedback in the Development of Compound Drought-Heat Extremes in Tropical South America (Part 1)
<p>This dataset is for a <em>JHM</em> (<em>Journal of Hydrometeorology</em>) paper, titled "<strong>Soil Moisture Dominates the Land Surface Feedback in the Development of Compound Drought-Heat Extremes in Tropical South America</strong>".</p>
Data from: Light regulates tropical symbiotic nitrogen fixation more strongly than soil nitrogen
Nitrogen limits primary production in almost every biome on Earth1,2. Symbiotic nitrogen fixation, conducted by certain angiosperms and their endosymbiotic bacteria, is the largest potential natural source of new nitrogen into the biosphere3, influencing global primary production, carbon sequestration and element cycling. Because symbiotic nitrogen fixation represents an alternative to soil nitrogen uptake, much of the work on symbiotic nitrogen fixation regulation has focused on soil nitrogen availability4,5,6,7,8. However, because symbiotic nitrogen fixation is an energetically expensive process9, light availability to the plant may also regulate symbiotic nitrogen fixation rates10,11. Despite the importance of symbiotic nitrogen fixation to biosphere functioning, the environmental factors that most strongly regulate this process remain unresolved. Here we show that light regulates symbiotic nitrogen fixation more strongly than does soil nitrogen and that light mediates the response of symbiotic nitrogen fixation to soil nitrogen availability. In a shadehouse experiment, low light levels (comparable with forest understories) completely shut down symbiotic nitrogen fixation, whereas soil nitrogen levels that far exceeded plant demand did not fully downregulate symbiotic nitrogen fixation at high light. For in situ forest seedlings, light was a notable predictor of symbiotic nitrogen fixation activity, but soil-extractable nitrogen was not. Light as a primary regulator of symbiotic nitrogen fixation is a departure from decades of focus on soil nitrogen availability. This shift in our understanding of symbiotic nitrogen fixation regulation can resolve a long-standing biogeochemical paradox12, and it will improve our ability to predict how symbiotic nitrogen fixation will fuel the global forest carbon sink and respond to human alteration of the global nitrogen cycle.
Data from: Soil dynamics in forest restoration: a data set for temperate and tropical regions
<p>Restoring forest ecosystems has become a global priority. Yet, soil dynamics is still poorly assessed among restoration studies and lacks knowledge on how soil is affected by forest restoration process. Here, we compile information on soil dynamics in forest restoration based on soil physical, chemical and biological attributes in temperate and tropical forest regions. It encompasses 50 scientific papers across 17 different countries and contains 1,469 quantitative information of soil attributes between reference (e.g., old-growth forest) and restored ecosystems (e.g. forests in their initial or secondary stage of succession) within the same study. To be selected, studies had to be conducted in forest ecosystems, to include multiple sampling sites (replicates) in both restored and reference ecosystems, and to encompass quantitative data of soil attributes for both reference and restored ecosystems.</p> <p>We recorded in each study the following information: (i) study year; (ii) country; (iii) forest region (tropical or temperate); (iv) latitude; (v) longitude; (vi) soil class; (vii) past disturbance; (viii) restoration strategy (active or passive); (ix) restoration age; (x) soil attribute type (physical, chemical or biological); (xi) soil attribute; (xii) soil attribute unit; (xiii) soil sampling (procedures); (xiv) date of sampling; (xv) soil depth sampled; (xvi) soil analysis; (xvii) quantitative values of soil attributes for both restored and reference ecosystems; (xviii) type of variation (standard error ou deviation) for both restored and reference ecosystems; and (xix) quantitative values of the variation for both restored and reference ecosystems. These were the most common data available in the selected studies.</p> <p>This extensive database on the extent soil physical, chemical and biological attributes differ between reference and restored ecosystems can fill part of the existing gap on both soil science and forest restoration in terms of: (i) which are the critical soil attributes to be monitored during forest restoration? and (ii) how do environmental factors affect soil attributes in forest restoration? The data will be made available to the scientific community for further analyses on both soil science and forest restoration. Soil information gap during the forest restoration process and its general patterns can be addressed using this data set.</p>
Simulation results for "Modeling the joint effects of vegetation characteristics and soil properties on ecosystem dynamics in a Panama tropical forest"
<p>This dataset is the ELM-FATES simulation outputs for the paper entitled "Modeling the joint effects of vegetation characteristics and soil properties on ecosystem dynamics in a Panama tropical forest". </p>
Altitude-mediated soil properties, not geography or climatic distance, explain the distribution of a tropical endemic herb
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Understanding the ecological processes that govern species' range margins is a fundamental question in ecology with practical implications in conservation biology. The centre-periphery hypothesis (CPH) predicts that organisms have higher abundance at the centre of their geographic range. However, most tests of the CPH often used raster data, assuming that climatic conditions are consistent across one square km. This assumption is not always justified, particularly for species that live in mountainous regions where climatic conditions often vary widely across a small special scale. When using occurrence data, most previous studies do not evenly sample across the species' distribution. We sampled 54 plots of an endemic perennial herb, <i>Thunbergia atacorensis</i> (Acanthanceae), throughout its range in West-Africa to collect biotic and abiotic variables including, <i>Thunbergia</i> density, leaf mass per area, and basal diameter. The basal diameter was used to estimate population demographic structure (skewness). We used these data to build a structural equation model testing the direct and indirect effects of distance from geographic and climatic niche centres, and altitude on density of <i>Thunbergia atacorensis </i>as mediated by abiotic and biotic factors, population skewness, and individual size. Contrary to the prediction of the CPH, plant density did not vary with distance from geographic or climatic niche centre, indicating that even the climatic centre does not necessarily have optimal ecological conditions. However, soil nitrogen and soil potassium mediated the relationship between altitude and plant density. Further, plant size increased with soil nitrogen and soil potassium. We found no direct or mediating effect of interspecific competition on plant density. Our study highlights the relative role that abiotic factors play in shaping species range limits, and the critical role of altitudinal gradient.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Effects of plant-available soil silicon on seedling growth and foliar nutrient status across tropical tree species
<p>Plant-available silicon (Si) concentrations vary considerably across tropical soils, yet the ecological importance of that variation remains largely unresolved. Increased Si availability can enhance growth and modulate foliar nutrient status in many crop species suggesting similar effects might occur in natural systems. However, how growth, foliar Si, and macronutrient concentrations, as well as their stoichiometry, respond to plant-available Si and how these responses differ across tropical tree species is unknown.</p> <p>We experimentally exposed seedlings of 12 tropical tree species to a gradient of plant-available Si concentrations, representing 85% of the variation found across Central Panama, and assessed responses in aboveground growth and foliar nutrient status. Furthermore, we assessed whether higher plant-available Si increases P availability.</p> <p>Increasing plant-available Si led to increased foliar Si concentrations (by up to 140%). It also led to higher aboveground growth (by up to 220%), and it affected foliar C and N concentrations, and nutrient stoichiometry across species. However, at the species level, only a small subset of two to four species showed significant growth and foliar nutrient responses. At the soil level, plant-available P remained unchanged along the experimental soil Si gradient.</p> <p>Our results showed that Si can improve growth and/or modulate foliar nutrient status in a number of tropical tree species. Furthermore, species' growth and foliar nutrient concentrations might vary differently across tropical forest sites varying in plant-available Si. Additionally, Si-induced responses in foliar nutrient stoichiometry have the potential to affect herbivory and litter decomposition. Taken together, natural variation in plant-available Si might influence plant performance unequally across tropical tree species, and change trophic interactions, with potential implications for ecosystem processes.</p>
Data from: Listening to tropical forest soils
<p>Passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) has proven to be an effective tool for monitoring biotic soundscapes in the marine, terrestrial, and aquatic realms. Recently it has been suggested that it could also be an effective method for monitoring soil fauna, but has so far been used in only four studies in temperate and polar regions. We present the first study of soil soundscapes in tropical forests, using a novel analytical pipeline allowing for the use of <em>in-situ</em> recording of soundscapes with minimal soil disturbance. We found significant differences in soil soundscapes between burnt and unburnt forests and the first indications of a diel cycle in soil soundscapes. These promising results and methodological advances highlight the potential of PAM for large-scale and long-term monitoring of soil biodiversity. We use the results to discuss research priorities, including relating soil biophony to biodiversity, community structure and ecosystem functioning, and the use of appropriate hardware and analytical techniques.</p>
Data from: Listening to tropical forest soils
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Data from: Growth responses to soil water potential indirectly shape local species distributions of tropical forest seedlings
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Data from: Does soil moisture availability explain liana seedling distribution across a tropical rainfall gradient?
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Data from: Linking size spectrum, energy flux and trophic multifunctionality in soil food webs of tropical land-use systems
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Data from: Canopy soil greenhouse gas dynamics in response to indirect fertilization across an elevation gradient of tropical montane forests
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Data from: Scale-dependent variation in nitrogen cycling and soil fungal communities along gradients of forest composition and age in regenerating tropical dry forests
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Data from: Unraveling the mechanisms underlying pulse dynamics of soil respiration in tropical dry forests
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Data from: Combined effects of seed and soil quality drive seedling performance of a late-successional canopy tree in a tropical forest
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Allen Brain Atlas
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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