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269 results for “vegetation cover”

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dryad36/100

Vegetation cover and biodiversity reduce parasite infection in wild hosts across ecological levels and scales

Land use changes and biodiversity loss critically disrupt ecosystem functioning and are major drivers of infectious disease outbreaks. Trypanosoma cruzi, the agent of Chagas disease, is a multi-host parasite whose epidemiology has changed due to the expansion of anthropogenic activities over natural areas. We aimed to understand the ecological processes increasing parasite prevalence at the individual, the community and the landscape levels using the largest database on small mammal infection by T. cruzi in Brazil. We applied machine learning techniques and structural equation models to show that allometric traits and the relative abundance of rodents in the community were important predictors of infection risk, followed by variables associated with the landscape environmental quality. Natural vegetation cover change and the taxonomic and functional dimensions of biodiversity indirectly reduced infection through its effect on the abundance distribution and composition of host communities. According to our findings, approaches to biodiversity conservation and restoration based on the integration of social inclusion and human welfare would contribute to regulating the prevalence of T. cruzi in wild hosts, which may reduce overall transmission risk.

opencc-zeroJan 2023View details →

zenodo36/100

Supplementary files for "Data-driven estimation of nitric oxide emissions from global soils based on dominant vegetation covers"

In-situ observations collected from publications, data-driven model codes, DNDC simulation files, and the supporting data for all figures of this study are uploaded. In-situ observations included 1,356 observations of soil nitric oxide (NO) emissions from 192 sites, including 1,032 for cropland soils from 70 sites, 114 for grassland soils from 36 sites, and 208 for forest soils from 86 sites. Data-driven models provided three machine learning methods, including random forest (RF), generalized boosted regression model (GBM), and radial basis function (RBF). The DNDC simulation files included simulation files of 51 selected sites.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2023View details →

dryad36/100

Data from: Human activities modulate reciprocal effects of a subterranean ecological engineer rodent, Tachyoryctes macrocephalus, on Afroalpine vegetation cover

Human activities, directly and indirectly, impact ecological engineering activities of subterranean rodents. As engineering activities of burrowing rodents are affected by, and reciprocally affect vegetation cover via feeding, burrowing and mound building, human influence such as settlements and livestock grazing, could have cascading effects on biodiversity and ecosystem processes such as bioturbation. However, there is limited understanding of the relationship between human activities and burrowing rodents. The aim of this study was therefore to understand how human activities influence the ecological engineering activity of the giant root-rat (Tachyoryctes macrocephalus), a subterranean rodent species endemic to the Afroalpine ecosystem of the Bale Mountains of Ethiopia. We collected data on human impact, burrowing activity and vegetation during February and March of 2021. Using path analysis, we tested (1) direct effects of human settlement on the patterns of livestock grazing intensity, (2) direct and indirect impacts of humans and livestock grazing intensity on the root-rat burrow density, and (3) whether human settlement and livestock grazing influence the effects of giant root-rat burrow density on vegetation and vice versa. We found lower levels of livestock grazing intensity further from human settlement than in its proximity. We also found a significantly increased giant root-rat burrow density with increasing livestock grazing intensity. Seasonal settlement and livestock grazing intensity had an indirect negative and positive effect on giant root-rat burrow density, respectively, both via vegetation cover. Analysing the reciprocal effects of giant root-rat on vegetation, we found a significantly decreased vegetation cover with increasing density of giant root-rat burrows, and indirectly with increasing livestock grazing intensity via giant root-rat burrow density. Our results demonstrate that giant root-rats play a synanthropic engineering role that affects vegetation structure and ecosystem processes.

opencc-zeroJul 2023View details →

dryad36/100