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327 results for “wild birds”
Fig. 11 in Developmental Abnormalities in Wild Populations of Birds: Examples from Lesser Snow Geese (Chen caerulescens caerulescens)
Fig. 11. Asymmetrical reduction in lower mandible of specimen LPB009 that also displays misshapen anterior frontal bones.
Fig. 3. Specimen LPB002 in Developmental Abnormalities in Wild Populations of Birds: Examples from Lesser Snow Geese (Chen caerulescens caerulescens)
Fig. 3. Specimen LPB002 displaying duplication of mandibles and fusion of medial eye socket. Entire specimen (left) and details of head region (right).
Spatial variation in the evolutionary potential and constraints of basal metabolic rate and body mass in a wild bird
<p><span>Organismal energy budget is strongly related to resource consumption, performance, and fitness. Hence, understanding the evolution of key energetic traits, such as basal metabolic rate (BMR), in natural populations is central for understanding life-history evolution and ecological processes. Here we used quantitative genetic analyses to study evolutionary potential of BMR in two insular populations of the house sparrow <em>(Passer domesticus</em>). We obtained measurements of BMR and body mass (M<sub>b</sub>) from 911 house sparrows on the islands of Leka and Vega along the coast of Norway</span><span>.</span><span> These two populations were the source populations for translocations to create an additional third, admixed "common garden" population in 2012. With the use of a novel genetic group animal model concomitant with a genetically determined pedigree, we differentiate genetic and environmental sources of variation, thereby providing insight into the effects of spatial population structure on evolutionary potential. We found that the evolutionary potential of BMR was similar in the two source populations, whereas the Vega population had a somewhat higher evolutionary potential of M<sub>b</sub> than the Leka population. BMR was genetically correlated with M<sub>b</sub> in both populations, and the conditional evolutionary potential of BMR (independent of body mass) was 41% (Leka) and 53% (Vega) lower than unconditional estimates. Overall, our results show that there is potential for BMR to evolve independently of M<sub>b</sub>, but that selection on BMR and/or M<sub>b</sub> may have different evolutionary consequences in different populations of the same species.</span></p>
Data from: Additive genetic and environmental variation interact to shape the dynamics of seasonal migration in a wild bird population
<p><span>Dissecting joint micro-evolutionary and plastic responses to environmental perturbations requires quantifying interacting components of genetic and environmental variation underlying expression of key traits. This ambition is particularly challenging for phenotypically discrete traits where multiscale decompositions are required to reveal non-linear transformations of underlying genetic and environmental variation into phenotypic variation, and when effects must be estimated from incomplete field observations. We devised a joint multistate capture-recapture and quantitative genetic animal model and fitted this model to full-annual-cycle resighting data from partially-migratory European shags (<em>Gulosus</em> <em>aristotelis</em>) to estimate key components of genetic, environmental and phenotypic variance in the ecologically critical discrete trait of seasonal migration versus residence. We demonstrate non-negligible additive genetic variance in latent liability for migration, resulting in detectable micro-evolutionary responses following two episodes of strong survival selection. Further, liability-scale additive genetic effects interacted with substantial permanent individual and temporary environmental effects to generate complex non-additive effects on expressed phenotypes, causing substantial intrinsic gene-by-environment interaction variance on the phenotypic scale. Our analyses therefore reveal how temporal dynamics of partial seasonal migration arise from combinations of instantaneous micro-evolution and within-individual phenotypic consistency, and highlight how intrinsic phenotypic plasticity could expose genetic variation underlying discrete traits to complex forms of selection.</span></p>
Age-specificity in territory quality and spatial structure in a wild bird population
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Data from: Utilising citizen science data to rapidly assess changing associations between wild birds and avian influenza outbreaks in poultry
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Dataset for paper titled: Conceptual preferences can be transmitted via selective social information use between competing wild bird species
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Data for: Multi-generational fitness effects of natural immigration indicate strong heterosis and epistatic breakdown in a wild bird population
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Cumulative cultural evolution and mechanisms for cultural selection in wild bird songs
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Data from: Additive genetic and environmental variation interact to shape the dynamics of seasonal migration in a wild bird population
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Spatial variation in the evolutionary potential and constraints of basal metabolic rate and body mass in a wild bird
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Data from: Fledging mass is color morph specific and affects local recruitment in a wild bird
Early life conditions may have long-lasting effects on life history. In color polymorphic species, morph-specific sensitivity to environmental conditions may lead to differential fitness. In tawny owl (Strix aluco) pheomelanin-based color polymorphism is expected to be maintained because the brown morph has higher adult fitness in warmer environments, while selection favors the grey morph under colder conditions. Here we investigate body mass at fledging and its consequences until adulthood in a population at the species' cold range margin. Using 40 years of data (1979-2017), we show that brown pairs, which mainly produce brown offspring consistent with a one-locus-two-alleles inheritance model, consistently raised heavier offspring than mixed pairs (grey-brown) and grey pairs. Offspring mass declined seasonally, except among offspring raised by brown pairs. Brown offspring could be heavier due to morph-specific parental care and/or offspring growth. Furthermore, mass at fledging is associated with fitness: the probability of local recruitment into the breeding population increased with higher mass at fledging, especially in mild winters and favorable food conditions, although recruitment is not morph-specific. Fledgling mass thus provides a fitness benefit in terms of recruitment probability that is modulated by environmental factors, which appear to level off any direct morph-specific recruitment benefits.
Agricultural intensification heightens food safety risks posed by wild birds
<p>1. Agricultural intensification and simplification are key drivers of recent declines in wild bird populations, heightening the need to better balance conservation with food production. This is hindered, however, by perceptions that birds threaten food safety. While birds are known reservoirs of foodborne pathogens, there remains uncertainty about the links between landscape context, farming practices, and actual crop contamination by birds.</p> <p>2. Here, we examine relationships between landscape context, farming practices, and pathogen contamination by birds using a barrier-to-spillover approach. First, we censused bird communities using point count surveys. Second, we collected 2024 faecal samples from captured birds alongside 1215 faecal samples from brassica fields and food processing areas across 50 farms spanning the USA West Coast. We then estimated the prevalence of three foodborne pathogens across landscape and livestock intensification gradients. Finally, we quantified the number of plants with faeces.</p> <p>3. <i>Campylobacter </i>spp. were detected in 10.2% of faeces from captured birds and 13.1% of faeces from production areas. Nonnative birds were 4.1 times more likely to have <i>Campylobacter </i>spp. than native birds. <i>Salmonella </i>spp. were detected in 0.2% of faeces from production areas and were never detected in captured birds. We detected evidence of Shiga toxigenic <i>E. coli </i>in 1 sample across the >3200 tested.</p> <p>4. <i>Campylobacter</i> spp. prevalence in faeces from production areas increased with increasing mammalian livestock densities in the landscape but decreased with increasing amounts of natural habitat.</p> <p>5. We encountered bird faeces on 3.3% of plants examined. Despite the impact on pathogen prevalence, landscape context did not increase the number of plants with bird faeces, although on-farm mammalian livestock density slightly did.</p> <p>6. <i>Synthesis and applications. </i>Food safety and wildlife conservation are often thought to be in conflict. However, our findings suggest that natural habitat around farms may reduce crop contamination rates by birds. This is perhaps because natural habitat can promote native birds that are less likely to harbour foodborne pathogens or because it decreases contact with livestock waste. Our results suggest that preservation of natural habitats around farms could benefit both conservation and food safety, contrary to current standards for "best practices."</p>
Code and data for: Familiarity breeds success: pairs that meet earlier experience increased breeding performance in a wild bird population
<p>This is a Data package that contains three separate datasets and the analysis code for a manuscript 'Familiarity breeds success: pairs that meet earlier experience increased breeding performance in a wild bird population '. The first Dataset (pairs_data_2007_10) and the second dataset (pairs_data_2011_14) contain the data used to analyse the influence of meeting time of a pair of Great tits (i.e. month in the first dataset, week in the second dataset, when a pair was first detected in a flock together) on different components of breeding success of a pair. The third dataset (meeting_and_divorce) was used to analyse whether meeting time of a pair (in winter prior to the breeding season t) influence the probability of a pair to stay together or separate (divorce) to the following breeding season (t+1).</p>
Physiological costs and age constraints of a sexual ornament: an experimental study in a wild bird
Sexual ornaments are often considered honest signals of quality because potential costs or constraints prevent their display by low-quality individuals. Testing for potential physiological costs of ornaments is difficult, as this requires experimentally forcing individuals to produce and display elaborate ornaments. We use this approach to test whether a sexually selected trait is physiologically costly to male superb fairy-wrens (Malurus cyaneus). Male fairy-wrens moult from brown to blue breeding plumage at different times of the year, and females strongly prefer the few males that are blue early, during winter. We used short-acting testosterone implants to stimulate males to produce 'early-blue' plumage and assessed costs during and after moult using a panel of physiological indices. Testosterone-implanted, T-males moulted in winter and produced blue plumage six weeks before control-implanted, C-males. T-males moulted while in lower body condition, had lower fat reserves, and were more likely to be parasitised by lice. However, we detected no negative effects on immune function, blood parasites, exposure to stressors, or survival. Juvenile males never naturally display early-blue plumage, but we found no evidence for increased costs paid by juvenile T-males. Instead, juvenile T-males moulted later than adult T-males, suggesting that age presents an absolute constraint on ornament exaggeration that cannot be fully overcome by testosterone treatment. Together, these small costs and large, age-related constraints may enforce signal honesty, and explain female preference for early-blue males.
AI results complementing the Annual Report on surveillance for Avian Influenza in poultry and wild birds in Member States of the European Union - Denmark
<p>This dataset contains the results of the EU co-funded surveillance activities conducted in 2019, which consisted of:</p> <ul> <li>Serological surveys to monitor the circulation of AIV subtypes H5 and H7 in poultry (active surveillance). These surveys should preferentially target poultry species or production systems with increased risk for introduction of avian influenza (AI).</li> <li>Passive surveillance aiming at the virological detection of AI in wild birds found dead or moribund.</li> </ul>
AI results complementing the Annual Report on surveillance for Avian Influenza in poultry and wild birds in Member States of the European Union - Austria
<p>This dataset contains the results of the EU co-funded surveillance activities conducted in 2019, which consisted of:</p> <ul> <li>Serological surveys to monitor the circulation of AIV subtypes H5 and H7 in poultry (active surveillance). These surveys should preferentially target poultry species or production systems with increased risk for introduction of avian influenza (AI).</li> <li>Passive surveillance aiming at the virological detection of AI in wild birds found dead or moribund.</li> </ul>
Impacts of environmental heterogeneity on natural selection in a wild bird population
<p>Natural selection has been studied for several decades, resulting in the computation of thousands of selection estimates. Although the importance of environmental conditions on selection has often been suggested, published estimates rarely take into account the effects of environmental heterogeneity on selection patterns. Here, we estimated linear and non‐linear viability selection gradients on morphological traits of 12 days‐old nestlings in a wild population of tree swallows (<i>Tachycineta bicolor</i>) across a large‐scale heterogeneous study system in southern Québec, Canada. We assessed the environmental drivers of nestling survival and evaluated their effects on strength and direction of selection gradients. Separate analyses of environmental variables showed that high temperatures and heavy rainfall caused stronger positive linear selection on morphological traits. Weaker linear selection was also measured in more extensively cultivated areas. Both strength and shape of non‐linear quadratic and correlational components of selection were modified by environmental variables. Considering all environmental variables revealed that precipitation since hatching affected patterns of linear selection on traits, while temperatures since hatching shaped nonlinear selection patterns. Our study underlines the importance of quantifying linear and non‐linear natural selection under various environmental conditions and how the evolutionary response of traits may be affected by ongoing human‐induced environmental changes.</p>
Data from: Highly diversified crop-livestock farming systems reshape wild bird communities
<p>Agricultural intensification is a leading threat to bird conservation. Highly diversified farming systems that integrate livestock and crop production might promote a diversity of habitats useful to native birds foraging across otherwise-simplified landscapes. At the same time, these features might be attractive to non-native birds linked to a broad range of disservices to both crop and livestock production. We evaluated the influence of crop-livestock integration on wild bird richness and density along a north-south transect spanning the U.S. west coast. We surveyed birds on 52 farms that grew primarily mixed vegetables and fruits alone or integrated livestock into production. Crop-livestock systems harbored higher native bird density and richness relative to crop only farms, a benefit more pronounced on farms embedded in non-natural landscapes. Crop-livestock systems bolstered native insectivores linked to the suppression of agricultural pest insects but did not bolster native granivores that may be more likely to damage crops. Crop-livestock systems also significantly increased the density of non-native birds, primarily European starlings (<i>Sturnus vulgaris</i>) and house sparrows (<i>Passer domesticus</i>) that may compete with native birds for resources. Models supported a small, positive correlation between non-native density and overall native bird density as well as between non-native density and native granivore density.<a name="_Hlk19446924">Relative to crop-only farms, on average crop-livestock systems exhibited 1.5 times higher patch richness, 2.4 times higher density of farm structures, 7.3 times smaller field sizes, 2.4 times greater integration of woody crops, and 5.3 times greater integration of pasture/hay habitat on farm.</a> Wild birds may have responded to this habitat diversity and/or associated food resources. Individual farm factors had significantly lower predictive power than farming system alone (ΔCIC = 80.2), suggesting crop-livestock systems may impact wild birds through a suite of factors that change with system conversion. Collectively, our findings suggest that farms that integrate livestock and crop production can attract robust native bird communities, especially within landscapes devoted to intensified food production. However, additional work is needed to demonstrate persistent farm bird communities through time, eco-physiological benefits to birds foraging on these farms, and net effects of both native and non-native wild birds in agroecosystems. </p>
Data from: Unhatched eggs represent the invisible fraction in two wild bird populations
<p>Prenatal mortality is typically overlooked in population studies, which biases evolutionary inference by confounding selection and inheritance. Birds represent an opportunity to include this 'invisible fraction' if each egg contains a zygote but whether hatching failure is caused by fertilisation failure versus prenatal mortality is largely unknown. We quantified fertilisation failure rates in two bird species that are popular systems for studying evolutionary dynamics in the wild. over three years, finding that overwhelming majorities (99.9%) of laid eggs were fertilised. These systems thus present opportunities to eliminate the invisible fraction from life-history data.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.