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389 results for “woodlands”
FR042, Middle Woodland, Jacks Reef Pentagonal
Jack's Reef Pentagonal Point Middle Woodland Catalog #: P708 Uploaded by Gwyneth Harris Suggested Data Citation: Thompson, Christine, Erin Powers, Gwyneth Harris, and Kevin C. Nolan, 2021. FRHS_FR042, 3D Model .ply file. Digital Exhibit of Fort Recovery Historical Society's Precontact Collection, Fort Recovery Historical Society and Applied Anthropology Laboratories, Ball State University. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
FR091, Early Woodland, Drill
Drill Early Woodland Catalog #: FR 2/50 P476 Uploaded by Gwyneth Harris Suggested Data Citation: Thompson, Christine, Erin Powers, Gwyneth Harris, and Kevin C. Nolan, 2021. FRHS_FR091, 3D Model .ply file. Digital Exhibit of Fort Recovery Historical Society's Precontact Collection, Fort Recovery Historical Society and Applied Anthropology Laboratories, Ball State University. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
FR044, Late Woodland, Maidson Triangule Points
Maidson Triangule Points Late Woodland Catalog #:P656 Uploaded by Gwyneth Harris Suggested Data Citation: Thompson, Christine, Erin Powers, Gwyneth Harris, and Kevin C. Nolan, 2021. FRHS_FR044, 3D Model .ply file. Digital Exhibit of Fort Recovery Historical Society's Precontact Collection, Fort Recovery Historical Society and Applied Anthropology Laboratories, Ball State University. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
FR045, Middle Woodland, Turkey Tail point
Turkey Tail Point Middle Woodland Uploaded by Carson Wright Suggested Data Citation: Thompson, Christine, Erin Powers, Carson Wright, and Kevin C. Nolan, 2021. FRHS_FR045, 3D Model .ply file. Digital Exhibit of Fort Recovery Historical Society's Precontact Collection, Fort Recovery Historical Society and Applied Anthropology Laboratories, Ball State University. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
FR039, Middle Woodland, biconcave gorget preform
Biconcave Gorget Preform Early Woodland Catalog #: FR 4/2 P614 Uploaded by Carson Wright Suggested Data Citation: Thompson, Christine, Erin Powers, Carson Wright, and Kevin C. Nolan, 2021. FRHS_FR039, 3D Model .ply file. Digital Exhibit of Fort Recovery Historical Society's Precontact Collection, Fort Recovery Historical Society and Applied Anthropology Laboratories, Ball State University. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Disturbance-related redistribution of Western capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus) away from woodland tracks
<p>Wild vertebrates usually avoid ground disturbed by humans with uncertain effects on their distribution and density. We report on a natural experiment that confirms and extends previous conclusions about how the local distribution of capercaillie is affected by track-based disturbance. We surveyed the birds' droppings in two periods, before and after a predicted increase in disturbance adjacent to an expanding Scottish village, and model the probability of finding droppings in relation to period plus two disturbance gradients – distance to a much disturbed 'entry zone' with a high density of tracks lying adjacent to the village, plus distance to the nearest track. Throughout the study, no droppings were found within the entry zone and their density was depressed up to 400 m from it. Density of droppings was also depressed within 100–120 m of tracks but, compared to a notional scenario without tracks, was threefold greater on ground 120–250 m from tracks. Although the number of cocks counted at the lek in spring showed a small increase, there was an almost threefold decline in the probability of finding capercaillie droppings on and within about 40 m of tracks. We infer that, after the development, birds were less likely to use or cross tracks in pursuit of their daily living requirements, with unknown consequences for their population dynamics and vital rates. Our results have implications for refuge design. Birds on roughly half of a 50 ha refuge should be undisturbed by direct effects of track-based activities. However, birds shifting away from tracks may themselves cause local increases in density and associated, indirect disturbance such that a refuge would need to be over 300 ha <sup> </sup>to keep half of it undisturbed.</p>
Woodland expansion and upland management strategy dilemmas for biodiversity and carbon storage in the Cairngorms National Park
<p>datatsets and R scripts related to the analysis done in the research project "<span>impact of woodlands restoration and restriction of fire use in the Cairngorms National Park". <br></span></p>
Data from: microhabitat selection by the Oscura Mountains Colorado chipmunk (Neotamias quadrivittatus oscuraensis): an old growth pinyon-juniper woodland specialist
<p>Habitat specialists have been largely overlooked in old growth pinyon-juniper woodlands, despite specialists exhibiting heightened sensitivity to anthropogenic habitat loss. Furthermore, small mammal relationships within pinyon-juniper woodlands have most commonly been investigated via species abundance or habitat use, rather than habitat selection, thereby providing limited management metrics. We used the Oscura Mountains Colorado chipmunk (<em>Neotamias quadrivittatus oscuraensis</em>) as a model organism to evaluate whether old growth conditions drive resource selection by small mammals associated with pinyon-juniper woodlands. The goal of our study was to determine resources important to the chipmunk to inform management decisions. We evaluated microhabitat selection by testing a priori predictions based on natural history characteristics of the chipmunk and the woodlands. We grouped predictions into habitat characteristics affiliated with or not affiliated with old growth. We tested predictions under a multi-stage modeling framework using generalized linear mixed models with a binomial response variable of use versus availability. Probability of selection by chipmunks increased with increasing mean juniper diameter and increasing variation of pinyon diameter and decreased with increased distance to rocky escape terrain and increased mean percent grass cover. Our findings support the classification of the Oscura Mountains Colorado chipmunk as an old growth pinyon-juniper specialist, as the chipmunk displayed disproportionate preference for old growth microhabitat conditions. We recommend management policies that conserve old growth multi-age stands of pinyons and junipers. Old growth conditions near outcroppings, escarpments, and large boulders are of particular conservation concern. Further, thinning resulting in increased grass cover may be detrimental to this old growth pinyon-juniper specialist.</p>
Woodland, cropland and hedgerows promote pollinator abundance in intensive grassland landscapes, with saturating benefits of flower cover
<p>To enable reproduction of analyses in the linked journal article, we provide a table of habitats, woody linear features and elevation of all pollinator survey transect sections. This table can be linked to the publicly available data, based on square ID and section ID, to reproduce the analyses (except for one discontinued square with ID marked 'NA' in the publicly available data).</p> <p>Journal article abstract:</p> <p>1. Pollinating insects provide economic value by improving crop yield. They are also functionally and culturally important across ecosystems outside of cropland. To understand landscape-level drivers of pollinator declines, and guide policy and intervention to reverse declines, studies must cover (1) multiple insect and plant taxa and (2) a range of agricultural and semi-natural land uses. Furthermore, in an era of woodland restoration initiatives and rewilding ideologies, the contribution of woodland and woody linear features (WLFs; e.g. hedgerows) to pollinator abundance demands further investigation. 2. We demonstrate fine-scale analysis of high-quality, co-located measurements from a national environmental survey. We relate pollinator transect counts to ground-truth habitat and WLF maps across 300 1km squares in Wales, UK. We look at effects of habitat type, flower cover, WLF density and habitat diversity on summer abundance (July and August) of eight insect groups, representing three insect orders (Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera and Diptera). 3. Compared with improved grassland (the dominant habitat in Wales), pollinator abundance is consistently higher in cropland and woodland - especially broadleaved woodland. For solitary bees and two hoverfly groups, abundance is predicted to be at least 1.5× higher in woodland ecosystems than elsewhere. Furthermore, we estimate contributions of WLFs to abundance in agriculturally improved habitats to be up to 14% for honeybees and up to 21% for hoverflies. 4. The abundance of all insect groups increases with flower cover, which is a key mechanism through which woodland, cropland and grassland support pollinators. Importantly, we observe diminishing returns of increasing flower cover for abundance of non-Apis pollinator groups, expecting roughly twice the increase in abundance per % flower cover from 0-5%, as compared with 10-15%. However, the shape of the relationship was inverted for honeybees, which showed steeper increases in abundance at higher flower cover. 5. Synthesis & applications: We provide a holistic view of the drivers of pollinator abundance in Wales, in which flower cover, woodland, WLFs and cropland are critical. We propose a key role for woodland creation, hedge-laying and farmland heterogeneity within future land management incentive schemes. Finally, we suggest targeting of interventions to maximise benefits for non-Apis pollinators. Specifically, increasing floral provision in areas where existing flower cover is low – e.g. in flower-poor improved grasslands - could effectively increase pollinator abundance and diversity, while prioritising wild over managed species.</p>
Plastid introgression and evolution of African miombo woodlands: new insights from the plastome-based phylogeny of Brachystegia trees
<p><strong>Aim</strong>: Miombo woodlands form a characteristic vegetation type covering 2.7 million km<sup>2</sup> in southern and eastern Africa. Despite their wide geographical extent, their origin, floristic and spatial evolution through time remain understudied. To fill this gap, we studied the evolution of <em>Brachystegia</em> trees, one of the most representative genera of these woodlands (20 species), also represented in Guineo-Congolian rain forests (8 species).</p> <p><strong>Location</strong>: Tropical Africa, Guineo-Congolian forests and Zambezian savannahs.</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong>: We used a genome skimming approach to sequence the plastomes of 45 <em>Brachystegia</em> samples, covering 25 of the 29 existing species, and one outgroup (<em>Julbernardia paniculata</em>). The phylogeny of the plastomes was reconstructed and time-calibrated. We tested if the genetic divergence between lineages reflected taxonomic and/or geographic distances using Mantel tests. Finally, we inferred the evolutionary history of <em>Brachystegia</em> based on the age and spatial distribution of its lineages.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong>: Surprisingly, species represented by multiple specimens appear rarely monophyletic while plastid clades display strong geographical structuring, independently of the species. Two main clades separate woodland and rain forest species, which diverged during the late Miocene-Pliocene (95% HPD = 2.78-8.59 Ma). In miombo woodlands, three subclades occur in parapatry along an East-West axis, ranging from Angola to East Africa. Their divergence started from the Plio-Pleistocene (95% HPD = 1.17-3.69 Ma). Divergence dates (TMRCA) within miombo subclades decrease from East Africa (1.53 Ma) to Angola (0.76 Ma).</p> <p><strong>Main Conclusions</strong>: <em>Brachystegia</em> plastomes appear unreliable to identify species, probably due to species introgression leading to recurrent chloroplast captures. However, they prove very informative for tracking the past dynamics of the genus, and suggest a historical westwards expansion of miombo <em>Brachystegia</em>, and possibly of miombo vegetation, during the Plio-Pleistocene. Further investigations using nuclear DNA are needed to assess the species tree as well as speciation and hybridisation events between species. </p>
Incubation mound-building by the Australian megapode (Malleefowl, Leipoa ocellata) creates novel, resource-rich patches in a semi-arid woodland
<p> Desert ecosystems are characterised by a patchy distribution of resources. Nutrient sinks associated with landscape modulators (trees) differ markedly from the resource-poor interpatch matrix. Fauna can also act as landscape modulators, modifying patch dynamics by redistributing resources via 'ecosystem engineering'. In semi-arid woodlands, malleefowl (<em>Leipoa ocellata</em>: Megapodiidae) reconfigure surface characteristics by scavenging leaf litter to construct large incubation mounds. The extent to which this movement of resources creates a novel patch and alters extant patches is largely unknown. Ecosystem engineering effects by megapodes have been little studied, but are potentially great, particularly in drylands, where mammalian engineers are known to enhance ecosystem function and drive restoration.</p> <p>We measured vegetation, ground cover, and soil chemistry at malleefowl mounds and four extant microsites (trees and open areas close to, and far from, mounds) and predicted that: 1) malleefowl mounds would represent enriched, yet novel, microsites; 2) the characteristics of tree and open patches close to the mounds would differ from those away from the mounds, because of the diminishing intensity of disturbance; and 3) effects at tree and open patches close to the mound would be shorter-term, compared to the more substantial high-resource patch formation occurring at the mound, but we expected all effects would diminish with time since malleefowl activity.</p> <p>We found that: 1) malleefowl mounds were novel microsites with soil chemistry more similar to tree-modulated patches, and groundcover and vegetation variables more similar to the open, interpatch matrix; 2) effects extended to tree and open patches near the mound, but most effects were short lived; and 3) some novel mound attributes (e.g., soil pH, phosphorus, nitrogen, carbon) were greater at mounds, irrespective of their age, while less plant cover and richness on young mounds dissipated with age.</p> <p><strong><em>Synthesis</em></strong>: Mound-building megapodes can modulate the distribution of locally derived resources and create a novel microsite. Engineering effects can enhance spatial heterogeneity and ecosystem function over broad spatial and temporal scales, and may assist with ecological restoration, particularly in depauperate, arid systems.</p>
Fig. 1 in Effect Of Farming And Rainfall On The Species Diversity, Population Density And Community Structure Of Birds Breeding In The Kalahari Woodland, Ne Namibia
Fig. 1. The location of the transect (indicated with red arrow).
Fig. 2 in Effect Of Farming And Rainfall On The Species Diversity, Population Density And Community Structure Of Birds Breeding In The Kalahari Woodland, Ne Namibia
Fig. 2. Monthly rainfall in Katima Mulilo in 2014 and 2015.
Fig. 4 in Effect Of Farming And Rainfall On The Species Diversity, Population Density And Community Structure Of Birds Breeding In The Kalahari Woodland, Ne Namibia
Fig. 4. Percentage of main nesting guilds in 2014 and 2015.
Evaluating the use of hair as a non-invasive indicator of trace mineral status in woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou)
<p>Trace mineral imbalances can have significant effects on animal health, reproductive success, and survival. Monitoring their status in wildlife populations is, therefore, important for management and conservation. Typically, livers and kidneys are sampled to measure mineral status, but biopsies and lethal-sampling are not always possible, particularly for Species at Risk. We aimed to: 1) determine baseline mineral levels in Northern Mountain caribou (<em>Rangifer tarandus caribou</em>; Gmelin, 1788) in northwestern British Columbia, Canada, and 2) determine if hair can be used as an effective indicator of caribou mineral status by evaluating associations between hair and organ mineral concentrations. Hair, liver, and kidney samples from adult male caribou (n<sub>Hair</sub>= 31; n<sub>Liver</sub>, n<sub>Kidney</sub>= 43) were collected by guide-outfitters in 2016-2018 hunting seasons. Trace minerals and heavy metals were quantified using inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and organ and hair concentrations of same individuals were compared. Some organ mineral concentrations differed from other caribou populations, though no clinical deficiency or toxicity symptoms were reported in our population. Significant correlations were found between liver and hair selenium (rho=0.66, p<0.05), kidney and hair cobalt (rho=0.51, p<0.05), and liver and hair molybdenum (rho=0.37, p<0.10). These findings suggest that hair trace mineral assessment may be used as a non-invasive and easily-accessible way to monitor caribou selenium, cobalt, and molybdenum status, and may be a valuable tool to help assess overall caribou health.</p>
Pinus kesiya invasions in Tapia woodland Madagascar
<p>Pinus species are among the highly invasive species which have spread outside their plantation area after their introduction in the Southern Hemisphere. The case of <em>Pinus kesiya</em> invasion is observed in the high plateau of Madagascar, inside the sclerophyll Tapia woodland which is dominated by the endemic <em>Uapaca bojeri </em>tree species. The analysis of this invasion was carried out using 375 plots of 100 m2 each in Tapia woodland. Data on the vegetation structure, the plot characteristics and the propagule pressure were collected. We recorded a total of 740 pines distributed in 29.8% of the plots. The generalized linear model revealed that the diminution in frequency of the dominant species <em>Uapaca bojeri</em> with the increasing degree of disturbance of the fragment led to the vulnerability of the Tapia woodland to the abundance of pine. The factors explaining pine occurrence varied according to the pine life-stage. In the seedling stage, the distance of the plot from the propagule source combined with the longitudinal position of the plot explained 18% of the pine invasion success. In the sapling and adult stages, the vegetation structure was the main important factor (22% and 11% of variation explained). The frequency of <em>U. bojeri</em> and the degree of disturbance were the most important factors characterizing this vegetation structure. Based on these results, a strategy to control pine invasion in the Tapia woodland may focus on enrichment with <em>U. bojeri</em> and limitation of the plantation of <em>P. kesiya</em> in proximity.</p>
Mistletoes could moderate drought impacts on woodland birds, but are themselves susceptible to drought-induced dieback
<p>Mistletoes are hemiparasitic plants and keystone species in many ecosystems globally. Given predicted increases in drought frequency and intensity, mistletoes may be crucial for moderating drought impacts on community structure. Dependent on host vascular flows, mistletoes can succumb to stress when water availability falls, making them susceptible to mortality during drought. We counted mistletoe across >350,000 km<sup>2</sup> of south-eastern Australia and conducted standardised bird surveys between 2016 and 2021, spanning a major drought event in 2018-19. We aimed to identify predictors of mistletoe abundance and mortality and determine whether mistletoes might moderate drought impacts on woodland birds. Live mistletoe abundance varied with tree species composition, land use and presence of mistletoebirds. Mistletoe mortality was widespread, consistent with high 2018/19 summer temperatures, low 2019/20 summer rainfall and the interaction between summer temperatures and rainfall in 2019/20. The positive association between surviving mistletoes and woodland birds was greatest in the peak drought breeding seasons of 2018/19 and 2019/20, particularly for small residents and insectivores. Paradoxically, mistletoes could moderate drought impacts on birds, but are themselves vulnerable to drought-induced mortality. An improved understanding of the drivers and dynamics of mistletoe mortality is needed to address potential cascading trophic impacts associated with mistletoe die-off.</p>
Unlike woodland edges, flower strips do not act as a refuge for cabbage stem flea beetle aestivation
<p>Data corresponding to the article "Unlike woodland edges, flower strips do not act as a refuge for cabbage stem flea beetle aestivation"</p>
FR093, Early Woodland, Ovate Blade Adena
Ovate Blade Adena Early Woodland Catalog #: FR 2/2 P589 Uploaded by Gwyneth Harris Suggested Data Citation: Thompson, Christine, Erin Powers, Gwyneth Harris, and Kevin C. Nolan, 2021. FRHS_FR093, 3D Model .ply file. Digital Exhibit of Fort Recovery Historical Society's Precontact Collection, Fort Recovery Historical Society and Applied Anthropology Laboratories, Ball State University. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
FR048, Middle Woodland, keeled gorget
Keeled Gorget Middle Woodland Catalog #: P619 Uploaded by Carson Wright Suggested Data Citation: Thompson, Christine, Erin Powers, Carson Wright, and Kevin C. Nolan, 2021. FRHS_FR048, 3D Model .ply file. Digital Exhibit of Fort Recovery Historical Society's Precontact Collection, Fort Recovery Historical Society and Applied Anthropology Laboratories, Ball State University. Not exported as a watertight model. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
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The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
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