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Figure 5 in Non-aggressive competition between males of Srilankametrus yaleensis (Kovařík et al., 2019) (Scorpionidae), and other types of agonistic behavior observed in scorpions

Figure 5. Duration of each round and that of arm-span competition occurred in each round (in seconds).

Figures 9a–9f in Non-aggressive competition between males of Srilankametrus yaleensis (Kovařík et al., 2019) (Scorpionidae), and other types of agonistic behavior observed in scorpions

Figures 9a–9f. Examples of physical combat in genus Hottentotta Birula, 1908. Figures 9a–9c. Adult males of H. minusalta Vachon, 1959. Figure 9d. An adult pair of H. jayakari (Pocock, 1895). Figure 9e. An adult pair of H. franzwerneri (Birula, 1914). Figure 9f. An adult pair of H. buchariensis (Birula, 1897).

Figures 10a–10c in Non-aggressive competition between males of Srilankametrus yaleensis (Kovařík et al., 2019) (Scorpionidae), and other types of agonistic behavior observed in scorpions

Figures 10a–10c. Examples of three types of behavior observed among several species of Heterometrinae. Figure 10a. Arm-span competition (Chersonesometrus tristis). Figure 10b. Shielding response (strictly defined as an easily triggered response; Heterometrus species do exhibit similar posture but happens only when their pedipalps are suppressed; Srilankametrus yaleensis). Figure 10c. Aggressive response (here shows a pre-posture before "pinching" or "punching"; Heterometrus spinifer).

Figures 7a–7d in Non-aggressive competition between males of Srilankametrus yaleensis (Kovařík et al., 2019) (Scorpionidae), and other types of agonistic behavior observed in scorpions

Figures 7a–7d. Examples of physical combat in other scorpions. Figure 7a. Adult females of Androctonus gonneti Vachon, 1948 aiming at each other with their metasoma (the accompanied juddering behavior cannot be illustrated by the figure). Figure 7b. A pair of adult A. gonneti, the female is controlling the telson of the male. Figures 7c–7d. Adults of Hottentotta salei (Vachon, 1980) controlling the telson of the opponent: female and male (c), and two males (d).

Figures 3a–3b in Non-aggressive competition between males of Srilankametrus yaleensis (Kovařík et al., 2019) (Scorpionidae), and other types of agonistic behavior observed in scorpions

Figures 3a–3b. Comparison of aggression between arm-span competition and stinging fighting behavior. Figure 3a. No fighting occurred after one was pulled over (left, A1, right, C). Figure 3b. Violent fighting occurred at the initial stage when both individuals were infuriated (left, A1, right, B1).

Figures 8a–8f in Non-aggressive competition between males of Srilankametrus yaleensis (Kovařík et al., 2019) (Scorpionidae), and other types of agonistic behavior observed in scorpions

Figures 8a–8f. Examples of physical combat in other scorpions. Figures 8a–8c. Juveniles of Hadrurus arizonensis Ewing, 1928, performing the typical deterrent posture. Figures 8d–8f. Leiurus spp., performing the intimidation behavior: adult males of Leiurus jordanensis Lourenço et al., 2002 and L. haenggii Lowe et al., 2014 (d), adult males of L. jordanensis and L. quinquestriatus (Ehrenberg, 1828) (e), and an adult pair of L. jordanensis (f; male on the left).

Figures 6a–6d in Non-aggressive competition between males of Srilankametrus yaleensis (Kovařík et al., 2019) (Scorpionidae), and other types of agonistic behavior observed in scorpions

Figures 6a–6d. Examples of similar behavior observed between two adult males in other Heterometrinae species. Figure 6a. Heterometrus minotaurus (above) and Heterometrus thorellii (below) (photo: V. Tang). Figure 6b. Chersonesometrus tristis (photo: V. Tang). Figure 6c. H. thorellii (photo: Gentia). Figure 6d. H. thorellii (below) and Heterometrus longimanus (above) (photo: Gentia).

Figures 2a–2f. Confronting stage. Figure 2a in Non-aggressive competition between males of Srilankametrus yaleensis (Kovařík et al., 2019) (Scorpionidae), and other types of agonistic behavior observed in scorpions

Figures 2a–2f. Confronting stage. Figure 2a. Spreading the pedipalps, lateral view (left, A2, right, A1). Figure 2b. Spreading the pedipalps, posterior view (distal, A1, proximal, C). Figure 2c. Metasoma of the two males entangling with each other (left, C, right, A1). Figure 2d. One being lifted up by the "metasomal hook" (left, C, right, A1). Figure 2e. Lifting, lateral view (left, A1, right, C). Figure 2f. Lifting, posterior view (proximal, A1, distal, C).

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2024View details →

Hourly time series of soil and atmosphere variables at the experimental site of El Cautivo, Tabernas Desert, Almeria, Spain (February 2018 to December 2019)

Measurements were performed along a hypothetical succession of biological soil crusts. Main studied variables were the soil-atmosphere CO2 and water vapor fluxes. This dataset was used by Lopez-Canfin et al. (2022) and Kim and al. (2024) at the time of publication.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2021View details →

lake dataset (area ≥ 1 km2) in the Yangtze River basin from 2000 to 2019

All lakes larger than 1km2 from 2000 to 2019 in the Yangtze River basin were obtained. Which are shapefile files, and the area of each lake was calculated (based on the Asia_North_Albers_Equal_Area_Conic projection). The data volume is 257MB, compressed into one file (65MB).

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2024View details →

Estimated Annual Agricultural Pesticide Use for USA48 2000 to 2019 (gridded maps at 250-m resolution)

Estimated low and high pescticide uses based on census data for USA48, provided for the cropland mask at 250-m spatial resolution. The original <a href="https://water.usgs.gov/nawqa/pnsp/usage/maps/">USGS maps</a> are only available as PNGs, so we have prepared here a code to rasterize the values and produce GeoTIFFs. For cropland mask we use the <a href="https://www.usgs.gov/centers/eros/science/national-land-cover-database">National Land Cover Database (NLCD)</a>. All processing is fully documented in: <a href="https://github.com/Envirometrix/pesticide-use-USA48">https://github.com/Envirometrix/pesticide-use-USA48</a>. All maps are projected in the <a href="https://epsg.io/5070-1252">EPSG:5070</a>. Description of the layers: <ul> <li><code>croplands_20**_250m.tif</code> = cropland mask (0–100%) estimated based on NLCD.</li> <li><code>GLYPHOSATE_EPEST.HIGH.KG.KM2_20**_250m.tif</code> = estimated pesticide use per county (high estimate) expressed in kg/km-square.</li> <li><code>diff.GLYPHOSATE_EPEST.HIGH.KG.KM2_250m.tif</code> = annual difference in pesticide use from 2000 to 2019;</li> </ul> Disclaimer: this code is under construction and USGS makes is clearly available that there are some limitations to this data: <ul> <li>These estimates are made by using projected county crop acres from the previous Census of Agriculture and are expected to be revised upon availability of updated crop acreages in the following Census of Agriculture.</li> <li>The files do not include pesticide use estimates for California. Data for California are obtained from the online Department of Pesticide Regulation-Pesticide Use Reporting (DPR-PUR) database and are typically not available at the time the preliminary pesticide use estimates are generated for the rest of the U.S.</li> </ul> Pease have in mind these limitations when using these maps for further modeling.

Spatial dataset on global forest loss and gain across decades from 1960 to 2019

This spatial dataset was used for creating Fig. 1a in the following research article. Estoque RC, Dasgupta R, Winkler K, Avitabile V, Johnson BA, Myint SW, Gao Y, Ooba M, Murayama Y, and Lasco RD (2022). Spatiotemporal pattern of global forest change over the past 60 years and the forest transition theory. Environmental Resesearch Letters, 17:084022. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac7df5

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2024View details →

A SSP1-Low emission land use scenario based on LCM2019 for Scotland - Land Use Change only - baseline 2019 and scenario 2050 (nov22)

This set of datasets contains a land use change scenario (2050) for Scotland within the scope of a SSP1 - Low emissions scenario (Shared Socio-Economic Pathways). For achieving a low-emission scenario, simulated land use change targeted woodland expansion (including silvo-arable and silvo-pastoral) and decreased grazing intensity, both land use changes also aimed at benefitting four aspects of ecosystem services: carbon storage through tree planting, emission reduction through deintensification, biodiversity enhancement through tree planting, and pollination to support food production. The baseline dataset is based on the Land Cover Map 2019 (Morton et al, 2020) aggregated at 100m resolution. Grazing intensity was added to it by using estimations of stocking rates from IACS (Wardell-Johnson, 2022), and grazing conservation thresholds (Chapman, 2007; FAS, 2021). From the baseline dataset, the land use scenario map was created using the SLM-OptionsTool, a land use change tool for Ecosystem Services based on the LandSFACTS model (Castellazzi et al, 2010). The attached land use scenario map for 2050 is not an optimised result, but it is only one possibility that meets all the constraints stipulated for the scenario. For a detailed description of the scenario refer to the following web storymap : <a href="https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/c3d3feff85f14460b6c973127089d6f9">https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/c3d3feff85f14460b6c973127089d6f9</a> This analysis was conducted as part of the Land use Transformations (<a href="https://landusetransformations.hutton.ac.uk/">https://landusetransformations.hutton.ac.uk/</a>) project (JHI-C3-1) in the Scottish Government funded Strategic Research Programme 2022-27.   This version of the datasets only includes 100m cells with land use change (14% of Scotland). The full dataset has a non-commercial version of the licence (<a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10927157">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10927157</a>).   ------------------------- Datasets accessible here : <a href="https://openscience.hutton.ac.uk/dataset/low-emission-land-use-scenarios-land-use-change">SSP1-Low Emission Land Use Scenarios - land use change - Dataset - Natural Asset Register Data Portal (hutton.ac.uk)</a> License: CC-BY-4.0 namely “Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International“ <a name="_Hlk161153952"></a>(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) Copyright to display of the datasets:  “Contains Data owned by UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology © Database Right/Copyright UKCEH. Based on Data from LPIS and JAC (Scottish Government, 2019).” 2 Main files : <ul> <li>SSP1LEonLCM19_LUC_2019.tif : original land uses (2019) on which the scenario is based on. This land use map, of a resolution of 100m, is based on the Land Cover Map 2019 (Morton et al, 2020), estimations of stocking rates from IACS (Wardell-Johnson, 2022), and grazing conservation thresholds (Chapman, 2007; FAS, 2021). This version of the datasets only includes 100m cells with land use change (14% of Scotland). Contributions to the baseline dataset (SSP1LEonLCM19_LUC_2019.tif) : <ul> <li>100% of 100m cells: Land Cover Map 2019 (Morton et al, 2020)</li> <li>93.88% of 100m cells: the LCM 2019 was subdivided by grazing intensity using estimations of stocking rates from IACS (Wardell-Johnson, 2022), and grazing conservation thresholds (Chapman, 2007; FAS, 2021). This impacts the grasslands, heathers, bogs and arable classes.</li> <li>Estimated overall contributions: 65% UKCEH, 35% JHI</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul> <li>SSP1LEonLCM19_LUC_2050.tif : land use scenario (2050), which is within the scope of a SSP1 - Low emissions scenario (Shared Scocio-Economic Pathways). The scenario was created using the SLM-OptionsTool, a land use change tool for Ecosystem Services based on the LandSFACTS model (Castellazzi et al, 2010). For a detailed description of the scenario refer to the following web storymap : <a href="https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/c3d3feff85f14460b6c973127089d6f9">https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/c3d3feff85f14460b6c973127089d6f9</a>. This version of the datasets only includes 100m cells with land use change (14% of Scotland). Contributions to the scenario dataset (SSP1LEonLCM19_LUC_2050.tif) : <ul> <li>cf. contribution to the baseline (above)</li> <li>100% of 100m cells: modelled land use change</li> <li>Estimated overall contributions: 50% UKCEH, 50% JHI</li> </ul> </li> </ul>   Main references: Morton, R. D., Marston, C. G., O’Neil, A. W., & Rowland, C. S. (2020). Land Cover Map 2019 (25m rasterised land parcels, GB) [Data set]. NERC Environmental Information Data Centre. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5285/F15289DA-6424-4A5E-BD92-48C4D9C830CC">https://doi.org/10.5285/F15289DA-6424-4A5E-BD92-48C4D9C830CC</a> Wardell-Johnson, D. (2022) Stocking rates derived from IACS 2019 version 4.  Based on data from Land Parcel Information System (2019) courtesy of Rural Payments and Inspections Division, Scottish Government. Based on data from the June Agricultural Census (2019) courtesy of Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services, Agricultural Statistics team, Scottish Government. Chapman, P. (2007) Conservation Grazing of Semi-natural Habitats. Technical note TN586. SAC tn586-conservation.pdf (sruc.ac.uk) FAS (2021) Practical Guide: Managing Peatlands and Upland Habitats. <a href="https://www.fas.scot/environment/biodiversity/protecting-scotlands-peatlands/practical-guide-managing-peatlands-and-upland-habitats/">https://www.fas.scot/environment/biodiversity/protecting-scotlands-peatlands/practical-guide-managing-peatlands-and-upland-habitats/ </a>(author: Paul Chapman) Castellazzi, M.S.; Gimona, A. (2021) SLM-OptionsTool, a land use change tool for Ecosystem Services (arcgis toolbox and user manual included, part of RESAS Deliverable-O1.4.2ciiD27). Castellazzi, M.S., Matthews, J., Angevin, F., Sausse, C., Wood, G.A., Burgess, P.J., Brown I., Conrad, K.F., Perry J.N. (2010).  Simulation scenarios of spatio-temporal arrangement of crops at the landscape scale . Environmental Modelling and Software 25, 1881-1889.  <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2010.04.006">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2010.04.006</a>   <a href="https://www.hutton.ac.uk/research/departments/information-and-computational-sciences/tools/landsfacts">https://www.hutton.ac.uk/research/departments/information-and-computational-sciences/tools/landsfacts</a>

Figs 53–59. Sabaha spp., female genitalia. 53–56 – S in New species of gelechiid moths of the genus Sabaha M. Omelko et N. Omelko, 2019 (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) from Borneo Island

Figs 53–59. Sabaha spp., female genitalia. 53–56 – S. cheemai sp. n., paratype: 53 – 8th sternite, antrum and proximal part of ductus bursae; 54 – ductus and corpus bursae; 55 – signum; 56 – peeled back fold of 8th sternite. 57–59 – S. gemella sp. n., paratype: 57 – ventral view; 58 – anterior part of 8th sternite and antrum; 59 – signum. Scale bar 0.5 mm.

Figs 27–31. Sabaha spp., male genitalia. 27–29 – S in New species of gelechiid moths of the genus Sabaha M. Omelko et N. Omelko, 2019 (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) from Borneo Island

Figs 27–31. Sabaha spp., male genitalia. 27–29 – S. parda sp. n: 27 – ventral view, paratype; 28 – aedeagus, lateral view, holotype; 29 – uncus, gnathos and culcitula, lateral view, holotype. 30, 31 – S. cheemai sp. n., holotype: 30 – ventral view; 31 – aedeagus, lateral view. Scale bar 0.5 mm. 13

Figs 1–10 in New species of gelechiid moths of the genus Sabaha M. Omelko et N. Omelko, 2019 (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) from Borneo Island

Figs 1–10. Sabaha spp., adults, morphostructures. 1–8 – S. spathulata, male, holotype: 1 – adult, view from above; 2 – ditto, bottom view; 3 – semi-transparent area on forewing; 4 – hair-like scales on hindwing; 5 – metathorax with bundles of long hair-like scales; 6 – bundle of hair-like scales, shown by arrow; 7 – position of bundle of hair-like scales relative to hindwing; 8 – head. 9, 10 – S. gemella sp. n.: 9 – metascutum with thecae of hair-like scales, shown by arrow; 10 – venation. Abbreviations: fr – frenulum, h-l.sc – hair-like scales on hindwing, msct – metascutum; pdc – pedicellus; s-tr.a – semi-transparent area; scp – scapus. Scale bar on holotype photos 1 mm. 8

Figs 36–43 in New species of gelechiid moths of the genus Sabaha M. Omelko et N. Omelko, 2019 (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) from Borneo Island

Figs 36–43. Sabaha spp., male genitalia, basal abdominal segments. 36–39 – S. semiatrata sp. n., holotype: 36 – ventral view; 37 – aedeagus, lateral view; 38 – sacculi, lateral view; 39 – uncus, gnathos and culcitula, lateral view. 40–43 – S. maculosa sp. n., holotype: 40 – ventral view; 41 – aedeagus, lateral view; 42 – uncus, gnathos and culcitula, lateral view; 43 – 1st and 2nd tergites and 2nd sternite. Scale bar 0.5 mm.

Figs 20–23. Sabaha spp., adults. 20, 21 – S in New species of gelechiid moths of the genus Sabaha M. Omelko et N. Omelko, 2019 (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) from Borneo Island

Figs 20–23. Sabaha spp., adults. 20, 21 – S. pilosa sp. n.: 20 – male, holotype; 21 – fragment of forewing. 22, 23 – S. maculosa sp. n.: 22 – male, holotype; 23 – female, paratype. Scale bar on holotype photos 1 mm.

Figs 44–52 in New species of gelechiid moths of the genus Sabaha M. Omelko et N. Omelko, 2019 (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) from Borneo Island

Figs 44–52. Sabaha spp., female genitalia, 7th abdominal segment. 44–46 – S. parda sp. n., paratype: 44 – ventral view; 45 – 8th sternite; 46 – signum. 47–49 – S. insolita sp. n., holotype: 47 – ventral view; 48 – fragment of inner side of bulla seminalis with small spines; 49 – 7th sternite. 50–52 – S. maculosa sp. n., paratype: 50 – anterior part of 8th sternite, antrum and proximal part of ductus bursae; 51 – corpus bursae; 52 – signum. Scale bar 0.5 mm. 19

Figs 24–26. Sabaha spp., genitalia. 24, 25 – S in New species of gelechiid moths of the genus Sabaha M. Omelko et N. Omelko, 2019 (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) from Borneo Island

Figs 24–26. Sabaha spp., genitalia. 24, 25 – S. spathulata, holotype: 24 – male genitalia without aedeagus, tergal part in lateral view, sternal part in ventral view; 25 – aedeagus, lateral view. 26 – S. insolita sp. n., female, holotype, 8th sternite with peeled back fold, antrum and proximal part of ductus bursae. Abbreviations: ant – antrum, cl – cucullus, cul – culcitula, d.sem – ductus seminalis, duct – ductus bursae, f.s – fultura superior, hc.sc – honeycomb-like sculpture, l.jux – lobes of juxta, m.gn – median sclerite of gnathos, sacc – saccus, s-scl.f – semi-sclerotized fold, scl – sacculus, teg – tegumen, tr.a – area with trichae, unc – uncus, v.sin – vaginal sinus, vnc – vinculum, 8-st – 8th sternite. Scale bar 0.5 mm.