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1,719 results for “Making”
Gaze behavior and decision-making processes of handball referees: Insights from gender differences and expertise levels
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ChEMBL Data for 'Achieving Well-Informed Decision-Making in Drug Discovery: A Comprehensive Calibration Study using Neural Network-Based Structure-Activity Models'
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Preliminary data for Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Method for Sustainable and Resilient Footbridges
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Utilization of 3D Scanning and Printing Techniques in Making External Upper Extremity Prostheses: A Systematic Literature Review
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USE OF RAW MATERIALS AND PAINTS WHEN MAKING A SHORT-TERM ETUDE.
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Data from: The making of a pest: insights from the evolution of chemosensory receptor families in a pestiferous and invasive fly, Drosophila suzukii
Background: Drosophila suzukii differs from other melanogaster group members in their proclivity for laying eggs in fresh fruit rather than in fermenting fruits. Olfaction and gustation play a critical role during insect niche formation, and these senses are largely mediated by two important receptor families: olfactory and gustatory receptors (Ors and Grs). Earlier work from our laboratory has revealed how the olfactory landscape of D. suzukii is dominated by volatiles derived from its unique niche. Signaling and reception evolve in synchrony, since the interaction of ligands and receptors together mediate the chemosensory behavior. Here, we manually annotated the Ors and Grs in D. suzukii and two close relatives, D. biarmipes and D. takahashii, and compared these repertoires to those in other melanogaster group drosophilids to identify candidate chemoreceptors associated with D. suzukii's unusual niche utilization. Results: Our comprehensive annotations of the chemosensory genomes in three species, and comparative analysis with other melanogaster group members provide insights into the evolution of chemosensation in the pestiferous D. suzukii. We annotated a total of 71 Or genes in D. suzukii, with nine of those being pseudogenes (12.7 %). Alternative splicing of two genes brings the total to 62 genes encoding 66 Ors. Duplications of Or23a and Or67a expanded D. suzukii's Or repertoire, while pseudogenization of Or74a, Or85a, and Or98b reduced the number of functional Ors to roughly the same as other annotated species in the melanogaster group. Seventy-one intact Gr genes and three pseudogenes were annotated in D. suzukii. Alternative splicing in three genes brings the total number of Grs to 81. We identified signatures of positive selection in two Ors and three Grs at nodes leading to D. suzukii, while three copies in the largest expanded Or lineage, Or67a, also showed signs of positive selection at the external nodes. Conclusion: Our analysis of D. suzukii's chemoreceptor repertoires in the context of nine melanogaster group drosophilids, including two of its closest relatives (D. biarmipes and D. takahashii), revealed several candidate receptors associated with the adaptation of D. suzukii to its unique ecological niche.
Data from: Climate impacts on the ocean are making the Sustainable Development Goals a moving target traveling away from us
1. Climate change is impacting marine ecosystems and their goods and services in diverse ways, which can directly hinder our ability to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals, set out under the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. 2. Through expert elicitation and a literature review, we find that most climate change effects have a wide variety of negative consequences across marine ecosystem services, though most studies have highlighted impacts from warming and consequences to marine species. 3. Climate change is expected to negatively influence marine ecosystem services through global stressors – such as ocean warming and acidification – but also by amplifying local and regional stressors such as freshwater runoff and pollution load. 4. Experts indicated that all Sustainable Development Goals would be overwhelmingly negatively affected by these climate impacts to marine ecosystem services, with eliminating hunger being among the most directly negatively affected Sustainable Development Goal. 5. Despite these challenges, the Sustainable Development Goals aiming to transform our consumption and production practices and develop clean energy systems are found to be least affected by marine climate impacts. These findings represent a strategic point of entry for countries to achieve sustainable development, given that these two goals are relatively robust to climate impacts and that they are important pre-requisite for other Sustainable Development Goals. 6. Our results suggest that climate change impacts on marine ecosystems are set to make the Sustainable Development Goals a moving target traveling away from us. Effective and urgent action towards sustainable development, including mitigating and adapting to climate impacts on marine systems are important to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals, but the longer this action stalls the more distant these goals will become.
Data from: Choice in a floral marketplace: the role of complexity in bumble bee decision-making
Animals have evolved in complex, heterogeneous environments. Thus, decision-making behavior is likely affected by a diversity of co-occurring community-level traits. Here, we investigate how three co-occurring traits of floral communities - the number of flower types, reliability that flowers are associated with a reward, and signal complexity of flowers - affect bumble bee (Bombus impatiens) decision-making. We used arrays of artificial flowers in a full factorial experimental design to assess floral selectivity (preference and constancy), foraging efficiency, and decision latency in foraging bumble bees. We find that our environmental traits uniquely affect each of these behavioral variables, revealing the intricate, yet biologically significant ways that co-occurring environmental traits can affect behavior. Floral selectivity, but not foraging efficiency, is increased by a greater number of choices. Decision latency is greatest when bees are inexperienced foraging in environments with high choice number. Collectively taken, we argue that these results suggest a cost to deciding among many choices, which promotes choice fidelity when many options are present. We suggest that these results have implications for theory on decision-making and selection in biological markets, while demonstrating the importance of studying interactions between naturally co-occurring traits.
Data from: Odourant dominance in olfactory mixture processing: what makes a strong odourant
The question of how animals process stimulus mixtures remains controversial as opposing views propose that mixtures are processed analytically, as the sum of their elements, or holistically, as unique entities different from their elements. Overshadowing is a widespread phenomenon that can help decide between these alternatives. In overshadowing, an individual trained with a binary mixture learns one element better at the expense of the other. Although element salience (learning success) has been suggested as a main explanation for overshadowing, the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain unclear. We studied olfactory overshadowing in honeybees to uncover the mechanisms underlying olfactory-mixture processing. We provide, to our knowledge, the most comprehensive dataset on overshadowing to date based on 90 experimental groups involving more than 2700 bees trained either with six odourants or with their resulting 15 binary mixtures. We found that bees process olfactory mixtures analytically and that salience alone cannot predict overshadowing. After normalizing learning success, we found that an unexpected feature, the generalization profile of an odourant, was determinant for overshadowing. Odourants that induced less generalization enhanced their distinctiveness and became dominant in the mixture. Our study thus uncovers features that determine odourant dominance within olfactory mixtures and allows the referring of this phenomenon to differences in neural activity both at the receptor and the central level in the insect nervous system.
Supplementary material 2 from: Kobak J, Rachalewski M, Bącela-Spychalska K (2021) What doesn't kill you doesn't make you stronger: Parasites modify interference competition between two invasive amphipods. NeoBiota 69: 51-74. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.69.73734
Dataset
Supplementary material 1 from: Kobak J, Rachalewski M, Bącela-Spychalska K (2021) What doesn't kill you doesn't make you stronger: Parasites modify interference competition between two invasive amphipods. NeoBiota 69: 51-74. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.69.73734
Figure S1, Tables S1, S2
Figure 3 from: Guralnick RP, Cellinese N, Deck J, Pyle RL, Kunze J, Penev L, Walls R, Hagedorn G, Agosti D, Wieczorek J, Catapano T, Page EDM (2015) Community Next Steps for Making Globally Unique Identifiers Work for Biocollections Data. ZooKeys 494: 133-154. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.494.9352
Figure 3 - Identifier schemes differ in whether redirections and mappings to ensure stability are centrally managed or not. Top: a DOI dereferencing service like CrossRef or Datacite redirects to the actual content provider; the URIs of content data and RDF metadata are publicly visible and can be used as independent (albeit often unstable) identifiers. Bottom: A linked open data pattern, where each content provider assumes the responsibility for maintaining a stable mapping; the content negotiation is internal. Modified after Hagedorn 2013.
Figure 2 from: Guralnick RP, Cellinese N, Deck J, Pyle RL, Kunze J, Penev L, Walls R, Hagedorn G, Agosti D, Wieczorek J, Catapano T, Page EDM (2015) Community Next Steps for Making Globally Unique Identifiers Work for Biocollections Data. ZooKeys 494: 133-154. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.494.9352
Figure 2 - Example of a PURL-URI as a QR-Code, in this example attached to a digitised lichen type specimen in the Natural History Museum, University of Oslo. The QR-Code corresponds to http://purl.org/nhmuio/id/c1a8b878-a4f9-448b-be00-26cbad58b11c.
Figure 1 from: Guralnick RP, Cellinese N, Deck J, Pyle RL, Kunze J, Penev L, Walls R, Hagedorn G, Agosti D, Wieczorek J, Catapano T, Page EDM (2015) Community Next Steps for Making Globally Unique Identifiers Work for Biocollections Data. ZooKeys 494: 133-154. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.494.9352
Figure 1 - Example of UUIDs embedded within QR-Codes on microcentrifuge tube labels. The 5 mm × 5 mm QR-Codes (Version 2) are printed with a standard laser printer on sheets of self-adhesive 9 mm dots, and scan reliably with a standard barcode reader, while still providing room for a human-readable 5-character prefix + 5-digit number (the human-readable number and UUID are permanently cross-linked in the data management system). Photo: Robert K. Whitton.
Figure 2 from: Schutze MK, Dammalage T, Jessup A, Vreysen MJB, Wornoayporn V, Clarke AR (2015) Effects of laboratory colonization on Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera, Tephritidae) mating behaviour: 'what a difference a year makes'. In: De Meyer M, Clarke AR, Vera MT, Hendrichs J (Eds) Resolution of Cryptic Species Complexes of Tephritid Pests to Enhance SIT Application and Facilitate International Trade. ZooKeys 540: 369-383. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.540.9770
Figure 2 - Index of Sexual Isolation (ISI) and relative performance indices for males (MRPI) and females (FRPI) with associated 95% confidence intervals calculated for 2010 and 2011 mating compatibility comparisons between Bactrocera dorsalis from Saraburi and Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand. Dotted line (0.00) represents random mating (ISI) or equal participation by the sexes (MRPI and FRPI).
Figure 1 from: Schutze MK, Dammalage T, Jessup A, Vreysen MJB, Wornoayporn V, Clarke AR (2015) Effects of laboratory colonization on Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera, Tephritidae) mating behaviour: 'what a difference a year makes'. In: De Meyer M, Clarke AR, Vera MT, Hendrichs J (Eds) Resolution of Cryptic Species Complexes of Tephritid Pests to Enhance SIT Application and Facilitate International Trade. ZooKeys 540: 369-383. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.540.9770
Figure 1 - Behavioural parameters of Bactrocera dorsalis flies from Saraburi (S) and Nakhon Si Thammarat (N) (Thailand) during mating compatibility trials in 2010 and 2011. A Relative percentages and total numbers of each possible couple formed. Numbers in bars are total numbers of each couple formed summed across replicates B Mating latency as average time since first couple observed for couples formed C Average percentage of respective couples collected from the tree for each of the six mating compatibility comparisons. For all graphs, columns surmounted by the same letter within a year are not significantly different at α = 0.05.
Factors for Managerial Decision-Making
<p>Supplementary material for SAC 2023: Coded segments resulting from data analysis.</p>
Neuronal activity and dLight signal during rodent decision making
<p>Neuronal activity and dLight signal during rodent decision making.</p>
How to make a difference in science policy with your research - Webinar
<p>As part of Project Ô's communication efforts, two international events were organised aimed at extended networks with a focus on political communication and science advocacy relevant to water reuse. These online public events were recorded and edited for publication on the YouTube channel.</p> <p>--</p> <p>On Monday 21 November 2022, a Project Ô-organised webinar was offered on the topic of how to make a difference in science policy with research. It was organised by the Institute for Methods Innovation on behalf of the project, working in collaboration with renowned science policy strategist Dr Andrew George (Sigma Xi). This live event was aimed at water sustainability researchers, professionals and others interested in the links between research and public policy.</p>
Who Makes a Better University Adjustment Wingman: Parents or Friends?
<p>Raw Data for manuscript titled "Who Makes a Better University Adjustment Wingman: Parents or Friends?".</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.