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1,913 results for “Morphological characters”
Figure 5 in Superimposition of the sting morphological characters on the dendrogram of Apoidea with emphasis on Crabronidae s. str. (Insecta: Hymenoptera): first steps
Figure 5. The character states, symbolically superimposed on the simplified dendrogram, resultant from a combination of molecular phylogenies provided by previous students. (Peters et al. 2017; Sann et al. 2018). The dark shading indicates tentative synapomorphies.
Figure 4 in Superimposition of the sting morphological characters on the dendrogram of Apoidea with emphasis on Crabronidae s. str. (Insecta: Hymenoptera): first steps
Figure 4. Sting parts of Sceliphron curvatum. (a) – lateral parts of tergite 9, dorsal view; (b) – lateral sclerite of tergite 9, medial view; (c) – furcula, lateral view; (d) – 2nd valvula, lateral view; (e) – the 2nd ramus, fused with the rostral process of the 2nd valvifer, laterofrontal view; (f) – the 3rd valvula, lateral view; (g) – apical cone-shaped process of the 3rd valvula, ventral view; (h) – the 1st valvula+1st ramus +1st valvifer, lateral view; (i)–valvillus, lateral view; (j) – the 1st and 2nd valvulae, lateroventral view. A, C, D – LM; B, E-J – SEM. Arrowheads indicate regions of interest. Scale bars: 200 µm in A and D; 100 µm – in B, F, H; 50 µm – in C; 20 µm – in E, G, I, J. l – lateral direction; p – posterior direction; v– ventral direction.
Figure 3 in Superimposition of the sting morphological characters on the dendrogram of Apoidea with emphasis on Crabronidae s. str. (Insecta: Hymenoptera): first steps
Figure 3. Sting parts of Crabro scutellatus. (a) – lateral parts of tergite 9, dorsal view; (b) – lateral sclerite of tergite 9, medial view; (c) – furcula, lateral view; (d) – 2nd valvula, lateral view, scale bar; (e) – the 2nd ramus, fused with the rostral process of the 2nd valvifer, laterofrontal view; (f) – the 3rd valvula, lateral view; (g) – apical cone-shaped process of the 3rd valvula, laterodorsal view; (h) – the 1st valvula +1st ramus+1st valvifer+2ndramus+2nd valvifer; (i)–valvillus, medial view; (j) – the 1st and 2nd valvulae, lateral view. A-D – LM; E-J – SEM. Arrowheads indicate regions of interest. Scale bars: 200 µm in A and D; 100 µm – in B, F, H; 50 µm – in C; 20 µm – in E, G, I, J. l – lateral direction; p – posterior direction; v– ventral direction.
Data from: Next-generation morphological character discovery and evaluation: an X-ray micro-CT enhanced revision of the ant genus Zasphinctus Wheeler (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Dorylinae) in the Afrotropics
New technologies for imaging and analysis of morphological characters offer opportunities to enhance revisionary taxonomy and better integrate it with the rest of biology. In this study, we revise the Afrotropical fauna of the ant genus Zasphinctus Wheeler, and use high-resolution X-ray microtomography (micro-CT) to analyse a number of morphological characters of taxonomic and biological interest. We recognise and describe three new species: Z. obamai sp. n., Z. sarowiwai sp. n., and Z. wilsoni sp. n. The species delimitations are based on the morphological examination of all physical specimens in combination with 3D scans and volume reconstructions. Based on this approach, we present a new taxonomic discrimination system for the regional fauna that consists of a combination of easily observable morphological characters visible at magnifications of around 80–100 ×, less observable characters that require higher magnifications, as well as characters made visible through virtual dissections that would otherwise require destructive treatment. Zasphinctus are rarely collected ants and the material available to us is comparatively scarce. Consequently, we explore the use of micro-CT as a non-invasive tool for the virtual examination, manipulation, and dissection of such rare material. Furthermore, we delineate the treated species by providing a diagnostic character matrix illustrated by numerous images and supplement that with additional evidence in the form of stacked montage images, 3D PDFs and 3D rotation videos of scans of major body parts and full body (in total we provide 16 stacked montage photographs, 116 images of 3D reconstructions, 15 3D rotation videos, and 13 3D PDFs). In addition to the comparative morphology analyses used for species delimitations, we also apply micro-CT data to examine certain traits, such as mouthparts, cuticle thickness, and thoracic and abdominal muscles in order to assess their taxonomic usefulness or gain insights into the natural history of the genus. The complete datasets comprising the raw micro-CT data, 3D PDFs, 3D rotation videos, still images of 3D models, and coloured montage photos have been made available online as cybertypes (Dryad, http://dx.doi.org/10.5061/dryad.4s3v1).
FIGURE 3. A–C, H, J in Primulina sinovietnamica (Gesneriaceae), a new species identified by both morphological and molecular characters from the limestone area in Guangxi, China
FIGURE 3. A–C, H, J) The ecotype of Primulina sinovietnamica in Longgang National Nature Reserve. A) overview of the landscape; B) habitat; C) habit; H) leaf surface; J) flower. D, I, K) The ecotype of P. sinovietnamica in Chunxiu Nature Reserve. D) habit; I) leaf surface; K) flower. E, L) P. pungentisepala. E) habit; L) flower. F, M) P. ningmingensis. F) habit; M) flower.
FIGURE 2. Primulina sinovietnamica. A in Primulina sinovietnamica (Gesneriaceae), a new species identified by both morphological and molecular characters from the limestone area in Guangxi, China
FIGURE 2. Primulina sinovietnamica. A) habit; B) leaf; C) opened corolla; D) stamens; E) pistil and opened calyx; F) stigma. Drawn by Yun-Xi Zhu.
FIGURE 5. Rhododendron taipaoense T.C in A revision of the Rhododendron taipaoense complex (subg. Tsutsusi sect. Tsutsusi, Ericaceae), based on observations of morphological characters and seed micromorphology
FIGURE 5. Rhododendron taipaoense T.C. Wu & P.C. Tam. A. flowering shoot. B. indumentum of young shoot. C. leaf. D. flower. E. stamen. F. pistil. G. carpsule. A-F from S.H. Jin & J. Xu DP-008 (HTC), G from B.Y. Ding & B.J. Fang 8330 (HTC). [drawn by Xiao- Feng Jin]
FIGURE 3 in A revision of the Rhododendron taipaoense complex (subg. Tsutsusi sect. Tsutsusi, Ericaceae), based on observations of morphological characters and seed micromorphology
FIGURE 3. Variation (mean ± SD, min and max) of the ratio of stamen length/pistil length in Rhododendron taipaoense and the related taxa. A. Minimum. B. Maximum. C–D. Standard deviation. M. Mean.
FIGURE 1 in A revision of the Rhododendron taipaoense complex (subg. Tsutsusi sect. Tsutsusi, Ericaceae), based on observations of morphological characters and seed micromorphology
FIGURE 1. UPGMA dendrogam of Rhododendron taipaoense and the related taxa, based on the analysis of 15 diagnostic characters in 146 individuals.
FIGURE 2 in A revision of the Rhododendron taipaoense complex (subg. Tsutsusi sect. Tsutsusi, Ericaceae), based on observations of morphological characters and seed micromorphology
FIGURE 2. PCoA (principal coordinate analysis) of Rhododendron taipaoense and the related taxa, based on analysis of 15 diagnostic characters in 146 individuals. (1) R. falcinellum. (2) R. ruflum. (3) R. piceum. (4) R. taipaoense. (5) R. florulentum. (6) R. rufoindumentum. (7) R. spadiceum. (8) R. apricum. (9) R. hepaticum. Two principal coordinates explain 88.81% of the total variation.
FIGURE 4 in A revision of the Rhododendron taipaoense complex (subg. Tsutsusi sect. Tsutsusi, Ericaceae), based on observations of morphological characters and seed micromorphology
FIGURE 4. Micromorphology of the seed testa of Rhododendron taipaoense and the related taxa. A. Seed shape of R. spadiceum. B. Tail shape of R. spadiceum. C. Seed surface of R. spadiceum. D. Seed shape of R. apricum. E. Hilum shape of R. apricum. F. Seed shape of R. falcinellum. G. Seed surface of R. falcinellum. H. Seed shape of R. florulentum. I. Hilum shape of R. florulentum. J. Seed shape of R. piceum. K. Hilum shape of R. piceum. L. Seed shape of R. rufoindumentum. M. Tail shape of R. rufoindumentum. N. Seed shape of R. hepaticum. O. Hilum shape of R. hepaticum. P. Seed shape of R. rufulum. Q. Seed shape of R. taipaoense. R. Tail shape of R. taipaoense. Scales bar: A, D, F, H, J, L, N, P and Q = 500 µm. B, E, I, K, M, O and R = 100 µm. C and G = 50 µm. A–C from B.Y. Ding & B.J. Fang 8360 (HTC). D, E from B.Y. Ding & B.J. Fang 8349 (HTC). F, G from B.Y. Ding & B.J. Fang 8332 (HTC). H, I from B.Y. Ding & B.J. Fang 8348 (HTC). J, K from Nanling Bot. Geo. Exped. 7364 (IBSC). L, M from B.Y. Ding & B.J. Fang 8335 (HTC). N, O from Nanling Bot. Geo. Exped. 7330 (IBSC). P from B.Y. Ding & B.J. Fang 8366 (HTC). Q, R from T.C. Wu s.n. (IBSC).
FIGURE 8. Character optimizations onto a 50 in Evolution of trichome morphology in Mimosa (Leguminosae-Mimosoideae)
FIGURE 8. Character optimizations onto a 50% majority-rule Bayesian tree based on a plastid phylogeny (modified from Simon et al. 2011). The evolution of glandular trichomes (a) and branched trichomes (b) are mapped onto the phylogeny using unordered parsimony optimization. Letters close to nodes correspond to main clades as in Simon et al. (2011), and vertical bars correspond to outgroups. Terminals with two or more states are represented by several squares. Please refer to Simon et al. (2011) for details on species names and clades.
FIGURE 24 in Phylogeny of the boulengeri group (Iguania: Liolaemidae, Liolaemus) based on morphological and molecular characters
FIGURE 24: Markings on anterior throat. A: Without spots, immaculate; B: With small dark spots; C: Dark or completely melanic.
FIGURE 25 in Phylogeny of the boulengeri group (Iguania: Liolaemidae, Liolaemus) based on morphological and molecular characters
FIGURE 25: Dark or melanic gular band. A: Absent; B: Present on both sides of the neck, but incomplete; C: Present across the throat, complete.
FIGURE 21 in Phylogeny of the boulengeri group (Iguania: Liolaemidae, Liolaemus) based on morphological and molecular characters
FIGURE 21: Dorsolateral field (A), vertebral field (B), and paravertebrals spots with black or white margin (C).
FIGURE 18 in Phylogeny of the boulengeri group (Iguania: Liolaemidae, Liolaemus) based on morphological and molecular characters
FIGURE 18: Characters of color on sides of the head and scapular region: A: Dark line vertically crossing superciliary scales, eye and subocular; B: Longitudinal dark spot from the posterior part of eye to occipital region; C: Prescapular spot; D: Postscapular spot.
FIGURE 15 in Phylogeny of the boulengeri group (Iguania: Liolaemidae, Liolaemus) based on morphological and molecular characters
FIGURE 15: Lateral neck`s folds. LF: Longitudinal fold; LPAF: Lower Postauricular fold; AF: Antehumeral fold; PAF: Pre- Antehumeral fold.
FIGURE 17 in Phylogeny of the boulengeri group (Iguania: Liolaemidae, Liolaemus) based on morphological and molecular characters
FIGURE 17: Dorsal scales of the body: A: Juxtaposed, rounded, without keels, uniformly variegated; B: Subimbricate, rounded, very light keels, hardly marked, with a uniform color; C: Imbricate, Triangular, keels strongly marked, irregular variegated.
FIGURE 8 in Phylogeny of the boulengeri group (Iguania: Liolaemidae, Liolaemus) based on morphological and molecular characters
FIGURE 8: Morphometric Characters: HL: Head length. Ro: Rostral scale; EAM: External Auditory Meatus; HeH: Heigth of head.
FIGURE 7 in Phylogeny of the boulengeri group (Iguania: Liolaemidae, Liolaemus) based on morphological and molecular characters
FIGURE 7: Morphometric Characters: SVL: Snout – vent length; HL: Head length; WH: Width of head; TrL: Trunk length; WB: Width of body; HaL: Hand length; RL: Radius length; HuL: Humerus length; WHu: Width of humerus; FL: Femur length; TL: Tail length
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.