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4,356 results for “RED”
Origin of minicircular mitochondrial genomes in red algae
<p><span>Eukaryotic organelle genomes are generally of conserved size and gene content within phylogenetic groups. However, significant variation in genome structure may occur. Here, we report that the Stylonematophyceae red algae contain multipartite circular mitochondrial genomes (i.e., minicircles) which encode one or two genes bounded by a specific cassette and a conserved constant region. These minicircles are visualized using Fluorescence Microscope and Scanning Electron Microscope, proving the circularity. Mitochondrial gene sets are reduced in these highly divergent mitogenomes. Newly generated chromosome-level nuclear genome assembly of </span><em><span>Rhodosorus marinus</span></em><span> reveals that most mitochondrial ribosomal subunit genes are transferred to the nuclear genome. </span><span>Hetero-concatemers that resulted from recombination between minicircles and unique gene inventory that is responsible for mitochondrial genome stability may explain how the transition</span><span> from typical mitochondrial genome to minicircles occurs. </span><span>Our results offer inspiration on minicircular organelle genome formation and highlight an extreme case of mitochondrial gene inventory reduction.</span></p>
Incomplete reproductive barriers and genomic differentiation impact the spread of resistance mutations between green- and red-colour morphs of a cosmopolitan mite pest
<p>We studied patterns of genetic differentiation and barriers to gene flow within and between morphs of <em>T. urticae</em> in order to understand the factors that influence the spread of resistance mutations across its populations. We derived multiple iso-female lines from <em>Tetranychus</em> populations collected from agricultural crops. We generated genomic and morphological data, characterized their bacterial communities, and performed controlled crosses.</p>
Output and data used in publication "Glacial isostatic adjustment modulates lateral migration rate and morphology of the Red River (North Dakota, USA, and Manitoba Canada)" in GRL
<p>Here we provide the output sea level used to calculate change in slope along studied rivers as well as locations of meanders and cutoffs. Please see the read.me file and publication for details. </p>
Data from: Keep numbers in view: Red-eared sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans) learn to discriminate relative quantities
<p><span>The ability to discriminate relative quantities, one of the numerical competences, is considered as an adaptive trait in uncertain environments. Besides humans, previous studies have reported this capacity in several non-human primates and birds.</span><span> Here, we test whether red-eared sliders (<em>Trachemys scripta elegans</em>) can </span><span>discriminate different relative quantities</span><span>. Subjects were first trained to distinguish different stimuli with food reward. Then, they were tested with novel stimuli pairs to demonstrate how they distinguished the stimuli. The r</span><span>esults show that most subjects can complete the initial training and use relative quantity rather than absolute quantity to make choices during testing phase. This study provides behavioural evidence of relative quantity</span> <span>discrimination in a reptile species, and suggests that such capacity may be widespread among vertebrates.</span></p>
Fig. 6 in Red wood Ants (Formica rufa-group) prefer mature pine forests in Variscan granite environments (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Fig. 6 – Preferred terrain exposure of RWA nests in a, MG (n=2,328) and b, FB (n=2,829) study area.
Red drum genotypes and raw fecundity data
<p>Understanding the processes that drive reproductive success in marine fish stocks is critical to effective fisheries management. These processes can be difficult to investigate, especially in age-structured populations, because they occur at transgenerational scales. Reproductive success is often attributed to a small portion of the adult population (< 0.01%) and thought to be driven primarily by random external factors, consistent with the concept of sweepstakes reproductive success (SRS). A competing concept, the reproductive resilience paradigm, posits that fish have evolved complex spawner-recruit systems to achieve lifetime reproductive success and maintain population stability within highly variable environments. Here, we examine these two concepts. First, we analyze the popular sport fish red drum (<em>Sciaenops</em> <em>ocellatus</em>), drawing on genetic and reproductive data to estimate a plausible range for the N<sub>e</sub>/N<sub>A</sub> ratio of effective population size (N<sub>e</sub>) to adult abundance (N<sub>A</sub>) and to infer variance in lifetime reproductive success (V*<sub>k</sub>). Then, we synthesize available data and infer for two other fishes that have ratios reportedly > 0.10, the southern bluefin tuna (<em>Thunnus</em> <em>maccoyii</em>, Scombridae) and the silver seabream (<em>Chrysophrys</em> <em>auratus</em>, Sparidae). Although commonly regarded as an SRS species, red drum did not meet the SRS criterion. Overdispersed values were inferred for all three species, with those for red drum and silver seabream being dependent upon population-closure assumptions. Results are presented within the conceptual framework of reproductive resilience, considering the roles of random extrinsic forces versus evolved traits to achieve lifetime reproductive success and population stability in high and variable mortality environments.</p>
Far Red Cyanobacteria Identification FRCI
<p>Far-Red Cyanobacteria Identification (FRCI) is conducted using VSEARCH on a customized database constructed by 16S rRNA gene sequences of cyanobacteria capable of growing in far-red light. The files contain sequence files in fasta format and taxonomy files in text.</p>
Fig. 1 in On the daily activity of the Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes) in two village areas of Bulgaria: a case study
Fig. 1. Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes) feeding in front of a camera trap, Isperihovo village.
Data for A Far-Red Fluorescent Probe to Visualize Staphylococcus aureus in Patient Samples
<p>Raw and processed data supporting the manuscript "A Far-Red Fluorescent Probe to Visualize <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> in Patient Samples"</p>
Raw data of the publication titled "First-row d6 metal complex enables photon upconversion and initiates blue light-dependent polymerization with red light"
<p>Raw data of the publication in Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. titled "First-row d<sup>6</sup> metal complex enables photon upconversion and initiates blue light-dependent polymerization with red light "</p>
Spatial sorting promotes rapid (mal)adaptation in the red-shouldered soapberry bug after hurricane-driven local extinctions
<p>Predicting future evolutionary change is a critical challenge in the Anthropocene as geographic range shifts and local extinction emerge as hallmarks of planetary change. Hence, spatial sorting – a driver of rapid evolution in which dispersal-associated traits accumulate along expanding range edges and within recolonized habitats – might be of growing importance in ecology and conservation. We report on the results of a natural experiment that monitored re-colonization of host plants by the seed-feeding, red-shouldered soapberry bug, <em>Jadera</em> <em>haematoloma</em>, after local extinctions from catastrophic flooding in an extreme hurricane. We tested the contribution of spatial sorting to generate rapid and persistent evolution in dispersal traits, as well as in feeding traits unrelated to dispersal. Long-winged dispersal forms accumulated in re-colonized habitats, and due to genetic correlation, mouthparts also became longer, and this shift persisted across generations. Those longer mouthparts were likely adaptive on one host plant species but maladaptive on two others based on matching the optimum depth of seeds within their host fruits. Moreover, spatial sorting eroded recently evolved adaptive divergence in mouthpart length among all host-associated biotypes, an outcome pointing to profound practical consequences of the extreme weather event for local adaptation, population resilience, and evolutionary futures.</p>
Data for: Tree-ring 15N isotope of red alder
<p>Nitrogen (N) accretion rates under N<sub>2</sub>-fixing tree species can vary with site condition and possibly decline over time with down-regulation of N fixation. Tree-ring δ<sup>15</sup>N may depict these site-specific, long-term patterns in N dynamics, but field trials with N<sub>2-</sub>fixing tree species are lacking. We examined whether tree-ring δ<sup>15</sup>N of N<sub>2</sub>-fixing red alder (<em>Alnus rubra</em>) would mirror N accretion rates and δ<sup>15</sup>N of soils. We sampled a 27-year-old replacement series trial on southeastern Vancouver Island with red alder and coastal Douglas-fir (<em>Pseudotsuga menziesii</em>) in five proportions (0/100, 11/89, 25/75, 50/50, and 100/0, respectively). A<span>n escalation in forest floor N content was evident with an increasing proportion of red alder, equivalent to a difference of approximately 750 kg N ha<sup>-1</sup> between 100% Douglas-fir vs. 100% alder. The forest floor horizon was also enriched in </span>δ<sup>15</sup>N<span> under denser red alder treatments. </span><span>Red alder had a consistent quadratic fit in tree-ring </span><span>δ</span><sup><span>15</span></sup><span>N over time, with a net increase of </span><span>1.5</span><span>‰</span><span>, on average, before declining slightly. Douglas-fir tree-ring </span><span>δ</span><sup><span>15</span></sup><span>N, in contrast, was largely unchanged over time (in 3 of 4 plots) but significantly enriched in the 50/50 mix. The minor differences in current litter N content and leaf </span><span>δ</span><span>15</span><span>N between alder and Douglas-fir suggests the declining trend in alder tree-ring </span><span>δ</span><sup><span>15</span></sup><span>N could coincide with lower N-fixation rates, either by down-regulation via nitrate availability or loss in alder vigour with shading and drought. We suggest tree-ring </span><span>δ</span><sup><span>15</span></sup><span>N can provide insights into the abiotic constraints and facultative/obligate nature of N fixation for N<sub>2</sub>-fixing trees.</span></p>
Red fruits exhibit lower colour diversity than red flowers as perceived by birds
<ol> <li>Pollination and seed dispersal are crucial processes for plant reproduction, sharing ecological relevance and similarities, yet they have rarely been considered together. Flowers appear to express greater phenotypic diversity than fruits due to multiple confounding factors, which pose challenges for comparative analyses. The colours of flowers and fruits are important visual signal traits in pollination and seed dispersal, evolving under different selective pressures from their respective pollinators and seed dispersers. Birds constitute a unique plant-interacting group that participates in both pollination and seed dispersal events. In this study, we focus on red flowers and red fruits associated with avian mutualists to gain insight into the intrinsic differences between flowers/pollination and fruits/seed dispersal.</li> <li>We conducted comparisons of colouration between 94 red flowers pollinated by birds and 99 red fruits dispersed by birds. The colour diversity was compared in both the spectral space and the avian colour vision spaces. Colour conspicuousness was analyzed using avian colour vision models, as well as bee models. Pigeon colour preference was tested by controlled experiments utilizing red stimuli with and without secondary peaks at short wavelengths.</li> <li>Red fruits had lower colour diversity than red flowers, with redder hues and fewer secondary reflectance peaks. Avian colour vision models illustrated that fruits were more conspicuous than flowers achromatically, but not chromatically. Pigeons did not show preference for red with or without a secondary peak.</li> <li>Although both are red, there are significant differences between flowers and fruits in terms of colour diversity, spectral properties and colour perceptions. As we exclusively considered avian mutualists, these differences cannot be attributed to the differences in interacting animal groups or to their colour vision properties. This implies that the differences in evolutionary history between flowers and fruits may deserve further attention to understand the colour evolution.</li> </ol>
Tree species richness around urban red maples reduces pest abundance but does not enhance biological control
<p>Urban trees often host greater insect pest abundance than trees in rural forests. This may be due, in part, to differences in tree diversity and canopy cover between these settings. Urban trees are often planted in isolation or monoculture, which favors pest accumulation. The gloomy scale, <em>Melanaspis tenebricosa</em> Comstock, is a pest of urban red maples (<em>Acer rubrum </em>L.) that is abundant where impervious surfaces dominate the local landscape. Increasing tree diversity and canopy cover around urban red maples may reduce gloomy scale abundance by supporting natural enemy communities. We investigated the effect that surrounding tree species richness and tree canopy cover had on gloomy scale abundance, natural enemy abundance, and biological control in red maple trees in Raleigh, NC, USA. We collected scales and natural enemies from red maples that spanned a gradient of tree species richness, canopy cover, and impervious surface values. We also measured gloomy scale parasitism and predation of sentinel prey in red maple canopies. Greater tree species richness and canopy cover were associated with lower gloomy scale density. Red maples in diverse settings also hosted fewer scales per natural enemy. Parasitoids were less common in maples in diverse settings, but generalist predator abundance was unaffected by tree diversity. Finally, tree species richness and canopy cover did not increase biological control of scales or sentinel prey. Our findings suggest that higher tree diversity and greater canopy cover may reduce gloomy scale density, but this is not entirely explained by the effects of natural enemies and biological control.</p>
Data from: Numerical top-down effects on red deer (Cervus elaphus) are mainly shaped by humans rather than large carnivores across Europe
<p>Terrestrial ecosystems are shaped by interacting top-down and bottom-up processes, with the magnitude of top-down control by large carnivores largely depending on environmental productivity. While carnivore-induced numerical effects on ungulate prey populations have been demonstrated in large, relatively undisturbed ecosystems, whether large carnivores can play a similar role in more human-dominated systems is a clear knowledge gap. As humans influence both predator and prey in a variety of ways, the ecological impacts of large carnivores can be largely modified. We quantified the interactive effects of human activities and large carnivore presence on red deer (<em>Cervus elaphus</em>) population density and how their impacts interacted and varied with environmental productivity</p> <p>Data on red deer density were collected based on a literature survey encompassing 492 study sites across 28 European countries. Variation in density across study sites was analysed using a generalised additive model in which productivity, carnivore presence (grey wolf, European lynx, Brown bear), human activities (hunting, intensity of human land-use activity), site protection status and climatic variables served as predictors. </p> <p>The results showed that a reduction in deer density only occurred when wolf, lynx and bear co-occurred within the same site. In the absence of large carnivores, red deer density varied along a productivity gradient without a clear pattern. Although a linear relationship with productivity in the presence of all three large carnivore species was found, this was not statistically significant. Moreover, hunting by humans had a stronger effect than the presence of all large carnivores in reducing red deer density and red deer density increased with increasing intensity of human land-use, with stronger large carnivore effects (all three carnivore species present) at sites with low human land-use activities. </p> <p><em>Synthesis and applications</em>: This study provides evidence for the dominant role played by humans (i.e. hunting, land-use activities) relative to large carnivores in reducing red deer density across European human-dominated landscapes. These findings suggest that when we would like large carnivores to exert numeric effects, we should focus on minimizing human impacts to allow the ecological impacts of large carnivores on ecosystem functioning.</p>
From green to red: Urban heat stress drives leaf color evolution
<p><span>Urban environments, occupying approximately 1% of total land area, often impose novel biotic and abiotic selective pressures on organisms and provide valuable opportunities to understand the eco-evolutionary dynamics between nature and human societies. Prevalence of impervious surface and resulting higher temperatures in urban areas, known as urban heat islands, comprises prominent characteristics in global cities. However, it is not known whether and how urban plants adapt to such heat stress. This study focused on <em>Oxalis</em> <em>corniculata</em>, which has intraspecific polymorphism in leaf color (green, red), and examined whether the leaf color variation is associated with urban heat stress. Field observations revealed consistent associations between leaf color and habitat types (green vs. urban) at local (< 500m), landscape (< 50km), and global scales. Green-leaved plants were dominant in green habitats, and red-leaved individuals had increased in number in urban habitats. Growth and photosynthesis experiments indicated the adaptive benefit and cost of red/green leaves associated with heat stresses. Red-leaved individuals had higher growth rates and photosynthetic efficiency under heat stress, while green-leaved individuals displayed higher growth rates and photosynthetic efficiency under non-stressful conditions. Genome-wide SNP analysis suggests that the red leaf trait may have evolved multiple times from the ancestral green leaf, rather than spreading from a single origin of red leaf evolution. Overall, the results suggested that the dominance of red leaves of <em>O. corniculata</em> seen in cities worldwide would be evidence of plant adaptative evolution due to urban heat islands.</span></p>
Red Hair Mural
This mural is no longer there since the clothing shop is closed down. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Deadmans black-on-red
3D scan retopologized for XR. We can digitize and optimize your assets too! Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Jar with red peas_Банка в красный горошек СССР
If you say "lemon", everyone will drool. And if you say "red cans with white polka dots" - tears. True, these tears - tears of tenderness and nostalgia - will flow only from those who were lucky enough to grow up on porridges cooked from cereals that were stored in these jars. Produced by the Norma factory in Tallinn, they not only penetrated all Soviet kitchens, but also became a symbol of the era. Если вы скажете «лимон», у всех потекут слюни. А если сказать "красные банки в белый горошек" - слезы. Правда, эти слезы — слезы умиления и ностальгии — польются только у тех, кому посчастливилось вырасти на кашах, сваренных из круп, которые хранились в этих баночках. Произведенные фабрикой «Норма» в Таллинне, они не только проникли во все советские кухни, но и стали одним из символов эпохи. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Red Native American Smoking Pipe Piece
Red Native American Smoking Pipe Piece 182 Pictures Canon EOS 80D, 35mm, F/16, ISO 100, Agisoft Metashape, Windows 10 Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.