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2,214 results for “Strength”
Data from: Evaluating internal model strength and performance of myoelectric prosthesis control strategies
Ongoing developments in myoelectric prosthesis control have provided prosthesis users with an assortment of control strategies that vary in reliability and performance. Many studies have focused on improving performance by providing feedback to the user, but have overlooked the effect of this feedback on internal model development, which is key to improving long-term performance. In this work, the strength of internal models developed for two commonly used myoelectric control strategies: raw control with raw feedback (using a regression-based approach), and filtered control with filtered feedback (using a classifier-based approach), were evaluated using two psychometric measures: trial-by-trial adaptation and just-noticeable-difference. The performance of both strategies was also evaluated using a Schmidt's style target acquisition task. Results obtained from 24 able-bodied subjects showed that although filtered control with filtered feedback had better short-term performance in path efficiency (p < 0.05), raw control with raw feedback resulted in stronger internal model development (p < 0.05), which may lead to better long-term performance. Despite inherent noise in the control signals of the regression controller, these findings suggest that rich feedback associated with regression control may be used to improve human understanding of the myoelectric control system.
Data from: The strength of negative plant-soil feedback increases from the intraspecific to the interspecific and the functional group level
1. One of the processes that may play a key role in plant species coexistence and ecosystem functioning is plant-soil feedback, the effect of plants on associated soil communities and the resulting feedback on plant performance. Plant-soil feedback at the interspecific level (comparing growth on own soil with growth on soil from different species) has been studied extensively, while plant-soil feedback at the intraspecific level (comparing growth on own soil with growth on soil from different accessions within a species) has only recently gained attention. Very few studies have investigated the direction and strength of feedback among different taxonomic levels, and initial results have been inconclusive, discussing phylogeny and morphology as possible determinants. 2. To test our hypotheses that the strength of negative feedback on plant performance increases with increasing taxonomic level and that this relationship is explained by morphological similarities, we conducted a greenhouse experiment using species assigned to three taxonomic levels (intraspecific, interspecific and functional group level). We measured certain fitness-related aboveground traits and used them along literature-derived traits to determine the influence of morphological similarities on the strength and direction of the feedback. 3. We found that the average strength of negative feedback increased from the intraspecific over the interspecific to the functional group level. However, individual accessions and species differed in the direction and strength of the feedback. None of our results could be explained by morphological dissimilarities or individual traits. 4. Synthesis. Our results indicate that negative plant-soil feedback is stronger if the involved plants belong to more distantly related species. We conclude that the taxonomic level is an important factor in the maintenance of plant coexistence with plant-soil feedback as a potential stabilizing mechanism and should be addressed explicitly in coexistence research, while the traits considered here seem to play a minor role.
Data from: Warming affects different components of plant-herbivore interaction in a simplified community but not net interaction strength
Global warming impacts natural communities through effects on performance of individual species and through changes in the strength of interactions between them. While there is a body of evidence of the former, we lack experimental evidence on potential changes in interaction strengths. Knowledge about multispecies interactions is fundamental to understand the regulation of biodiversity and the impact of climate change on communities. This study investigated the effect of warming on a simplified community consisting of three species: rosy apple aphid Dysaphis plantaginea feeding on plantain, Plantago lanceolata, and a heterospecific neighbouring plant species, perennial ryegrass, Lolium perenne. The aphid does not feed on L. perenne. The experimental design consisted of monocultures and mixtures of L. perenne and P. lanceolata at three temperature levels. We did not find indication for indirect temperature effects on D. plantaginea through changes in leaf nitrogen or relative water content. However, experimental warming affected the life history traits of the aphid directly, in a non-linear manner. Aphids performed best at moderate warming, where they grew faster and had a shorter generation time. In spite of the increased population growth of the aphids under warming, the herbivory rates were not changed and consequently the plant–herbivore interaction was not altered under warming. This suggests reduced consumption rates at higher temperature. Also plant competition affected the aphids but through an interaction with temperature. We provide proof-of-concept that net interactions between plants and herbivores should not change under warming despite direct effects of warming on herbivores when plant–plant interaction are considered. Our study stresses the importance of indirect non–trophic interactions as an additional layer of complexity to improve our understanding of how trophic interactions will alter under climate change.
Data from: Passively stuck: death does not affect gecko adhesion strength
Many geckos use adhesive toe pads on the bottom of their digits to attach to surfaces with remarkable strength. Although gecko adhesion has been studied for hundreds of years, gaps exist in our understanding at the whole-animal level. It remains unclear whether the strength and maintenance of adhesion are determined by the animal or are passively intrinsic to the system. Here we show, for the first time, that strong adhesion is produced passively at the whole-animal level. Experiments on both live and recently euthanized tokay geckos (Gekko gecko) revealed that death does not affect the dynamic adhesive force or motion of a gecko foot when pulled along a vertical surface. Using a novel device that applied repeatable and steady-increasing pulling forces to the foot in shear, we found that the adhesive force was similarly high and variable when the animal was alive (mean ± s.d. = 5.4 ± 1.7 N) and within 30 min after death (5.4 ± 2.1 N). However, kinematic analyses showed that live geckos are able to control the degree of toe pad engagement and can rapidly stop strong adhesion by hyperextending the toes. This study offers the first assessment of whole-animal adhesive force under extremely controlled conditions. Our findings reveal that dead geckos maintain the ability to adhere with the same force as living animals, disproving that strong adhesion requires active control.
Data from: Tetraconatan phylogeny with special focus on Malacostraca and Branchiopoda—Highlighting the strength of taxon-specific matrices in phylogenomics
Understanding the evolution of Tetraconata or Pancrustacea —the clade that includes crustaceans and insects—requires a well-resolved hypothesis regarding the relationships within and among its constituent taxa. Herein, we assembled a taxon-rich phylogenomic data set focusing on crustacean lineages based solely on genomes and new-generation Illumina-generated transcriptomes, including 89 representatives of Tetraconata. This constitutes the first phylogenomic study specifically addressing internal relationships of Malacostraca (with 26 species included) and Branchiopoda (36 species). Seven matrices comprising 81 to 684 orthogroups and 17,690 to 242,530 amino acid positions were assembled and analysed under five different analytical approaches. To maximize gene occupancy and to improve resolution, taxon-specific matrices were designed for Malacostraca and Branchiopoda. Key tetraconatan taxa (i.e., Oligostraca, Multicrustacea, Branchiopoda, Malacostraca, Thecostraca, Copepoda, Hexapoda) were monophyletic and well supported. Within Branchiopoda Phyllopoda, Diplostraca, Cladoceromorpha and Cladocera were monophyletic. Within Malacostraca the clades Eumalacostraca, Decapoda and Reptantia were well supported. Recovery of Caridoida or Peracarida was highly depending on the analysis for the complete matrix but were consistently recovered monophyletic in the malacostracan-specific matrix. From such examples, we demonstrate that taxon-specific matrices and particular evolutionary models and analytical methods, namely CAT-GTR and Dayhoff recoding, outperform other approaches in resolving certain recalcitrant nodes in phylogenomic analyses.
Dataset for Quantitative Trait Loci Associated with Lodging, Stem Strength, Yield, and Other Important Agronomic Traits in Dry Field Peas with data for 196 markers
<p>Dataset for Quantitative Trait Loci Associated with Lodging, Stem Strength, Yield, and Other Important Agronomic Traits in Dry Field Peas with data for 196 markers. This file is associated with a dissertation on lodging resistance called Quantitative Trait Loci Associated with Lodging, Stem Strength, Yield, and Other Important Agronomic Traits in Dry Field Peas.</p>
Knee Proprioception, Muscle Strength, and Stability in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Unveiling the Moderating Effects of Physical Activity – A cross-sectional study.
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Influence of Roughness and Slip Velocity on the Evolution of Frictional Strength
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Raw Data of "Ultra-High Strength of Nanocrystalline Inconel 718 Composites by High-Pressure Torsion Deformation and Graphite Reinforcements"
<p>The data set contains the raw data used in "Ultra-High Strength of Nanocrystalline Inconel 718 Composites by High-Pressure Torsion Deformation and Graphite Reinforcements"</p> <p>The file "READ ME FIRST" is a list that assigns the file names of the raw data to the figures used in this study.</p> <p>The raw data contains:</p> <ul> <li>SEM micrographs and fractographs</li> <li>TEM micrographs</li> <li>EDS measurements</li> <li>Microhardness measurements</li> <li>Micro tensile test measurements</li> </ul>
Slow oscillation-spindle coupling strength predicts real-life gross-motor learning in adolescents and adults
<p>Previously, we demonstrated that precise temporal coordination between slow oscillations (SO) and sleep spindles indexes declarative memory network development (Hahn et al., 2020). However, it is unclear whether these findings in the declarative memory domain also apply in the motor memory domain. Here, we compared adolescents and adults learning juggling, a real-life gross-motor task. We found that improved task proficiency after sleep lead to an attenuation of the learning curve, suggesting a dynamic juggling learning process. We employed individualized cross-frequency coupling analyses to reduce inter and intra-group variability of oscillatory features. Advancing our previous findings, we identified a more precise SO-spindle coupling in adults compared to adolescents. Importantly, coupling precision over motor areas predicted overnight changes in task proficiency and learning curve, indicating that SO-spindle coupling is sensitive to the dynamic motor learning process. Our results provide first evidence that regionally specific precisely coupled sleep oscillations support gross-motor learning.</p>
Competing controls of fluid overpressurization and chloritization on strength and instability of faults in granite: Implications for seismicity triggered by fluid-injection
<p>Fluids injection for hydraulic stimulation and fracturing, typical in the development of enhanced geothermal systems (EGS) in granites, can reactivate deep faults and induce seismicity. Such faults typically contain chlorite coatings as an alteration product that may impact styles of deformation – aseismic through seismic. We performed shear experiments on simulated granite fault gouges under conditions typifying a geothermal reservoir at ~4 km depth with a confining pressure of 110 MPa, a temperature of 150℃, fluid pressures of 21-80 MPa, and chlorite contents of 0-100%, to investigate the influence of effective stress and mineral composition on fault strength and stability. Our results show a transition from velocity-strengthening to velocity-weakening behavior in simulated granite gouge when the fluid pressure was elevated from 21 to 80 MPa, characterized by a transition from fault compaction to dilation – as revealed by microstructural observations – with implications in enabling unstable failure. Conversely, increasing chlorite content stabilizes slip but reduces frictional strength. The microstructures of these mixed gouges exhibit shear localized on chlorite-enriched planes and promoting fault sliding. These results suggest that earthquake ruptures occurring during fluid injection can be facilitated by fluid overpressures. And that controlling fluid overpressures and being aware of the presence of alteration minerals are both important controls in mitigating such injection-induced seismic risks.</p>
Strength and seismic anisotropy of textured FeSi at planetary core conditions
<p>Data of the radial diffraction experiment at 300 K and 1100 K</p>
Interoceptive strength data - perceptual grounding studies
<p>This dataset contains perceptual strength ratings across six modalities (auditory, gustatory, haptic, interoceptive, olfactory, visual) for 32,229 concepts, emotion categories for a subset of 547 concepts and their matched controls, and Elexicon data (lexical decision and word naming accuracy and RT, plus associated lexical predictors) for 19,041 of these concepts. Also included is analysis code for the studies 1-3 reported in the paper "Interoception: The forgotten modality in perceptual grounding of abstract and concrete concepts".</p> <p> </p> <p>The following files are deposited:</p> <p>Study 1</p> <ul> <li>Study 1.jasp</li> <li>Study 1 - PCA (SPSS output).htm</li> <li>Study 1 plot (R code).R</li> </ul> <p>Study 2</p> <ul> <li>Study 2 Data.csv</li> <li>Study 2_Desc stats (R code).R</li> <li>Study 2 plots (R code).R</li> </ul> <p>Study 3</p> <ul> <li>Study 3.jasp</li> </ul> <p> </p> <p>File formats are non-proptierary and comprise csv text files, html files, R code (text files), and JASP files (JASP Team, 2017: version 0.8.3.1)</p>
Dataset for accelerating the calculation of electron-phonon coupling strength with machine learning
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Bond Strength Between Hybrid Materials and Resin Cements
<p><span>Background/Purpose:</span><span> This study aims to improve clinical practice and inform patients by evaluating the tensile strength of three adhesive variants: Silane, Universal Adhesive, and their combination, using resin cement between hybrid materials and composite resin.</span></p> <p><span>Materials and Methods:</span><span> Seventy-two samples made from CAD/CAM hybrid ceramic blocks and composite resin replicas were used, adhering to ISO standards. Adhesive techniques ([Si], [Ad], [SiAd]) were applied to hybrid materials [V] and [C]. Tensile tests were conducted with a Muver Electronic Dynamometer. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v25 and MINITAB.</span></p> <p><span>Results:</span><span> No significant force differences were found between Cerasmart and Vita Enamic. Both adhesive techniques (Self Etch and Total Etch) required similar forces. Among adhesive variants, [SiAd] showed less strength variation than [Si]. Fracture types showed no significant differences in mean strengths. The [T] technique had more adhesive and cohesive fractures, while the [S] technique had mainly adhesive and mixed fractures.</span></p> <p><span>Conclusion:</span><span> Using 3M Universal Single Bond Adhesive on Vita Enamic with Total Etch resulted in the highest strength (6.18 MPa). Cerasmart with Self Etch showed 5.67 MPa. Silane Monobond N performed well on both materials. Total Etch was most effective for Vita Enamic, while Self Etch showed better resistance in Cerasmart. Silane + Universal Adhesive had less variability than Silane alone. Cohesive fractures exerted the highest force, followed by adhesive and mixed fractures.</span></p>
The Dayside Ionosphere of Mars as controlled by the Game Between Solar Wind Dynamic Pressure and Crustal Magnetic Field Strength
<p>Including all 276 profiles like those shown in Figure 2.</p>
Dataset: First Trust International Developed Cap Strength ETF (FICS) Stock Performance
This dataset provides historical stock market performance data for specific companies. It enables users to analyze and understand the past trends and fluctuations in stock prices over time. This information can be utilized for various purposes such as investment analysis, financial research, and market trend forecasting.
Data for a publication "High-strength self-healable supercapacitor based on supramolecular polymer hydrogel with upper critical solubility temperature"
<p><strong>Article abstract</strong></p> <p>Here, we present poly(<em>N</em>-acryloylglycinamide-<em>co</em>-vinyltriazole) p(NAGA-<em>co</em>-VTZ) supramolecular polymer hydrogel doped with carbonized and activated polypyrrole nanotubes as a high-strength self-healable material for supercapacitors. Initially, the p(NAGA-<em>co</em>-VTZ) hydrogel films were synthesized by photopolymerization of <em>N</em>-acryloylglycinamide and 1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole without the use of any cross-linkers. The hydrogels demonstrated remarkable self-healing ability via hydrogen bonding at temperatures above upper critical solubility temperature, excellent mechanical properties (0.86 MPa), large stretchability (1300 %) and cut resistance. Subsequently, we prepared carbonized and ethanol/KOH-activated polypyrrole nanotubes (acNTs) as the active material for electrochemical double-layer capacitors (EDLC). Then, a symmetric self-healable supercapacitor employing p(NAGA-<em>co</em>-VTZ) hydrogel, acNTs and aqueous 3M KCl solution was assembled. Cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge-discharge measurements showed that the prepared device gave a specific capacitance of 282.62 F·g<sup>-1</sup> at 0.2 A·g<sup>-1</sup> and a high areal capacitance of 316.86 mF cm<sup>-2</sup> at a scan rate of 10 mV s<sup>-1</sup>. Importantly, the supercapacitor operates over a wide voltage window (0-1.2 V) and provides excellent cyclic performance with capacitance retention of 97 % after 10 000 cycles and 94 % after self-healing. In summary, the developed self-healable supercapacitor exhibits considerable potential as a high-performance energy storage device.</p>
Raw dataset for evaluating the effects of M sand and fly ash on concrete strength using experimental and machine learning approaches
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Hand Function, Pain, and Grip Strength Data in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients
<p>This dataset contains comprehensive information collected from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, including sociodemographic, clinical, and study-specific variables. The data are organized into an Excel file and include the following key components:</p> <ul> <li>Sociodemographic Data: Includes variables such as age, gender, education level, marital status, and occupation.</li> <li>Clinical Data: Contains details on disease duration, disease activity (measured by Clinical Disease Activity Index, CDAI), rheumatoid arthritis articular damage (Rheumatoid Arthritis Articular Damage Score, RAAD), and the presence of hand deformities.</li> <li>Study Variables: <ul> <li>Hand Function: Assessed using the Cochin Hand Functional Scale (CHFS).</li> <li>Hand Pain: Measured with the Numeric Pain Scale (NPS).</li> <li>Grip Strength: Recorded using appropriate measuring tools.</li> <li>Disability: Evaluated by the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ).</li> <li>Quality of Life: Assessed with the 12-Item Short Form Survey (SF-12).</li> <li>Tactile Sensitivity: Data on impaired hand sensitivity.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>Purpose:</p> <p>The dataset is designed to facilitate analysis of the relationships between hand function, pain, and grip strength with various clinical outcomes and quality of life measures in RA patients. It provides valuable insights into how these factors interact and impact overall patient well-being.</p> <p>Usage:</p> <p>Researchers and clinicians can use this dataset for further analysis, validation of study findings, and exploration of correlations between different variables. The data are provided to support transparency, reproducibility, and advancement in the understanding of rheumatoid arthritis.</p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.