Find research datasets worth reusing

Fig. 8 in Systematics of the Sierra Nevada endemic earwig: Eulithinus analis (Forficulidae, Dermaptera)

Fig. 8. Bayesian phylogenetic tree based on ITS2 sequences of Eulithinus Hincks, 1935 and Pseudochelidura Verhoeff, 1902. Species and clade names correspond to the new classification adopted in this work. Posterior probabilities are indicated above branches. Background colours represent species and names below branches represent geographic areas.

Fig. 2 in Systematics of the Sierra Nevada endemic earwig: Eulithinus analis (Forficulidae, Dermaptera)

Fig. 2. Geographic distribution of Eulithinus analis (Rambur, 1838). The green shading on the map represents the area of the Sierra Nevada National Park usually considered as the general area of the species. The purple dots correspond to the records of the species based on the specimens studied from the Entomology collection of the Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, including dry mounted and ethanol preserved material.

Fig. 11 in Systematics of the Sierra Nevada endemic earwig: Eulithinus analis (Forficulidae, Dermaptera)

Fig. 11. Female specimen of Eulithinus analis (Rambur, 1838) from Borreguiles del Río San Juan (Sierra Nevada) with atypical body proportions and with coloration matching the descriptions of Forficula brevis Rambur, 1838. The presence of atypical specimens mixed with typical females of E. analis in the high elevations of Sierra Nevada supports the synonymy between F. analis and F. brevis.

Fig. 7 in Systematics of the Sierra Nevada endemic earwig: Eulithinus analis (Forficulidae, Dermaptera)

Fig. 7. Bayesian phylogenetic tree based on cytb sequences of Eulithinus Hincks, 1935 and Pseudochelidura Verhoeff, 1902. Species and clade names correspond to the new classification adopted in this work. Posterior probabilities are indicated above branches. Background colours represent species and names below branches represent geographic areas.

Fig. 1 in Systematics of the Sierra Nevada endemic earwig: Eulithinus analis (Forficulidae, Dermaptera)

Fig. 1. Original description of Eulithinus analis by Rambur (1838) in the Faune entomologique de l'Andalousie Vol. II.

Fig. 10 in Systematics of the Sierra Nevada endemic earwig: Eulithinus analis (Forficulidae, Dermaptera)

Fig. 10. General view of the habitat and natural history notes of Eulithinus analis (Rambur, 1838) in Sierra Nevada (Spain). A. Typical landscape occupied by E. analis; in front Laguna de Río Seco, where numerous female specimens were observed taking care of their eggs under stones in August. B. Two females taking care of their eggs under the same stone at Laguna de Río Seco; note the remains of a dead male on the left, and the different development degree of the two egg masses; a few minutes later, females clustered the eggs into compact masses. C. Male with intermediate long sized cerci running in alert display at Pradollano. D. Last instar nymph from Laguna de Río Seco; note the general similarity with nymphs of Pseudochelidura cantabrica (Cuesta et al. 2023: fig. 5c). Photographs by MG-P.

Fig. 4 in Systematics of the Sierra Nevada endemic earwig: Eulithinus analis (Forficulidae, Dermaptera)

Fig. 4. Habitus variability in males of Eulithinus analis (Rambur, 1838) from Sierra Nevada (Spain). A. Small specimen with short cerci, corresponding to the original description of Eulithinus montanus (Steinmann, 1981) from Laguna de las Yeguas at 2859 m of altitude (MNCN_Ent 122048). B. Large specimen with long cerci also from Laguna de las Yeguas (MNCN_Ent 121966).

Fig. 9 in Systematics of the Sierra Nevada endemic earwig: Eulithinus analis (Forficulidae, Dermaptera)

Fig. 9. Habitus of live specimens of Eulithinus analis (Rambur, 1838) from Sierra Nevada (Spain). A. Male specimen with long cerci from Pradollano. B. Typical female with dark coloration and brown head from Pradollano. C. Male with intermediate sized cerci from Borreguiles del Río San Juan (MNCN_Ent433449). D. Light colored female with reddish head and pronotum from Pradollano. E. Male displaying short cerci from Laguna de Río Seco (MNCN_Ent344345). F. Male with each cercus of different size from Laguna de Río Seco. Photographs ex situ by MG-P.

Fig. 6 in Systematics of the Sierra Nevada endemic earwig: Eulithinus analis (Forficulidae, Dermaptera)

Fig. 6. Mitochondrial (cox1) network analyses of specimens of Eulithinus analis (Rambur, 1838) from Sierra Nevada. Specimens from Laguna del Río Seco are colored in green, from Pradollano in red, from Arroyo del Albergue San Francisco in yellow and from Borreguiles del Río San Juan in purple.

Fig. 5 in Systematics of the Sierra Nevada endemic earwig: Eulithinus analis (Forficulidae, Dermaptera)

Fig. 5. Cerci variation in Eulithinus analis (Rambur, 1838) males. A. Laguna de las Yeguas at 2859 m of altitude (MNCN_Ent 122048). B. Lagunillos de la Virgen at 2945 m of altitude (MNCN_Ent 122612). C. Laguna de las Yeguas (MNCN_Ent 121966).

Fig. 3 in Systematics of the Sierra Nevada endemic earwig: Eulithinus analis (Forficulidae, Dermaptera)

Fig. 3. Type specimens collected in Sierra Nevada mountains. A. Paratype of Pseudochelidura minor Steinmann, 1979 (HNHM), a male labelled as collected in "Spain, 2700 m Sierra Nevada Dr. H. Steinmann". B. Holotype of Pseudochelidura montana Steinmann, 1981, a male from "Spain, 2700 m Sierra Nevada Dr. H. Steinmann". C. Paratype of Eulithinus hispanicus Steinmann, 1984, a male collected from Sierra Nevada in "Réf. Universitario 2600 m VII '79 leg. G. Osella".

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2021View details →

Supplementary Data of the project "Cross Cultural Tears - A Systematic Investigation of the Interpersonal Effects of Emotional Crying Across Different Cultural Backgrounds"

Supplementary Data related to the publication:  <div> Zickfeld, J. et al. (2021). Tears evoke the intention to offer social support: A systematic investigation of the interpersonal effects of emotional crying across 41 countries. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 95, 104137.  <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2021.104137" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2021.104137 </a> </div>

FIGURE 7 in Morphology and Systematics of Kalophrynus interlineatus-pleurostigma Populations (Anura: Microhylidae: Kalophryninae) and a Taxonomy of the Genus Kalophrynus Tschudi, Asian Sticky Frogs

FIGURE 7. Images of lectotype of Kalophrynus interlineatus (NHMUK/BMNH 1947. 2.31.26, female) in (A) dorsal and (B) ventral views, and of paralectotype (NHMUK/BMNH 1947. 2.31.27, male) in (C) dorsal view [photographer G.R. Zug].

FIGURE 11 in Morphology and Systematics of Kalophrynus interlineatus-pleurostigma Populations (Anura: Microhylidae: Kalophryninae) and a Taxonomy of the Genus Kalophrynus Tschudi, Asian Sticky Frogs

FIGURE 11. Coloration of living representatives of pleurostigma-interlineatus group. (A) Dorsolateral view of a K. anya (USNM 520321) from the Chatthin Wildlife Sanctuary, Sagaing, Myanmar [photographer, C. Hansen]; (B) dorsolateral view of a K. anya (USNM 523966) from the Chatthin Wildlife Sanctuary, Sagaing, Myanmar [photographer, G.R. Zug]; (C) dorsolateral view of a K. interlineatus (CAS) from the Tanintharyi National Park, Tanintharyi, Myanmar [photographer, J.V. Vindum]; (D) dorsolateral view of a K. meizon (FMNH 242796) from Poring Station, Mt. Kinabulu Park, Ranua District, Sabah [photographer, R.F. Inger]; (E) dorsolateral view of a K. sinensis (UK 333148) from Agusan del Norte, Mindanao, Philippines [photographer, R.M. Brown]; (F) dorsolateral view of a K. pleurostigma (UK 333148) from Gunung Kunyit, Jambi, Sumatra [photographer, E.N. Smith].

FIGURE 6 in Morphology and Systematics of Kalophrynus interlineatus-pleurostigma Populations (Anura: Microhylidae: Kalophryninae) and a Taxonomy of the Genus Kalophrynus Tschudi, Asian Sticky Frogs

FIGURE 6. Burmese distribution of voucher specimens of Kalophrynus anya sp. nov. in northern Myanmar and K. interlineatus in southern and peninsular Myanmar. The three reported localities of K. orangensis are also shown; all lie within the Brahmaputra river valley. Solid circles denote specimens examined in this study; open circles are literature or unexamined museum records; and stars represent type localities of available names.

FIGURE 4 in Morphology and Systematics of Kalophrynus interlineatus-pleurostigma Populations (Anura: Microhylidae: Kalophryninae) and a Taxonomy of the Genus Kalophrynus Tschudi, Asian Sticky Frogs

FIGURE 4. General distribution of the Kalophrynus interlineatus-pleurostigma group. Solid circles denote specimens examined in this study; open circles are literature records and museum records of specimens not seen; stars represent type localities of available names. Source of the locality records are in Appendix Specimens examined section.

FIGURE 1 in Morphology and Systematics of Kalophrynus interlineatus-pleurostigma Populations (Anura: Microhylidae: Kalophryninae) and a Taxonomy of the Genus Kalophrynus Tschudi, Asian Sticky Frogs

FIGURE 1. Morphology of the glandular skin of a northern Myanmar Kalophrynus individual (USNM 537421). (A) compact, columnar macroglands comprising the skin in the dorsolateral pre-inguinal region; (B) sketch of the preceding image A to assist the identification of structures; incision is immediately below and parallel to white diagonal dorsolateral stripe; tile-like pattern on dorsal surface identifies individual macroglands, each with a single duct opening (lighter area in each tile); (C) lateral view of head and neck displaying the abrupt termination of thick glandular skin, equivalent to a supratympanic fold; (D) belly pebbly skin just anterior to pubic area; (E) white glandular epidermal patches on chest. Abbreviations: D, dorsolateral stripe; G, columns of glandular tissue; St, supratympanic fold. Scale bars equal 1 mm in figures B, D, E, and 10 mm in C.

opencc-by-sa-4.0Jun 2024View details →

A Benchmark Suite for Systematically Evaluating Reasoning Shortcuts

Codebase [<a href="https://unitn-sml.github.io/rsbench/">Github</a>] | Dataset [<a href="doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612556">Zenodo</a>]   Abstract The advent of powerful neural classifiers has increased interest in problems that require both learning and reasoning. These problems are critical for understanding important properties of models, such as trustworthiness, generalization, interpretability, and compliance to safety and structural constraints. However, recent research observed that tasks requiring both learning and reasoning on background knowledge often suffer from reasoning shortcuts (RSs): predictors can solve the downstream reasoning task without associating the correct concepts to the high-dimensional data. To address this issue, we introduce rsbench, a comprehensive benchmark suite designed to systematically evaluate the impact of RSs on models by providing easy access to highly customizable tasks affected by RSs. Furthermore, rsbench implements common metrics for evaluating concept quality and introduces novel formal verification procedures for assessing the presence of RSs in learning tasks. Using rsbench, we highlight that obtaining high quality concepts in both purely neural and neuro-symbolic models is a far-from-solved problem. rsbench is available on <a href="https://unitn-sml.github.io/rsbench">Github</a>.   Usage We recommend visiting the official code <a href="https://unitn-sml.github.io/rsbench/">website</a> for instructions on how to use the dataset and accompaying software code.   License All ready-made data sets and generated datasets are distributed under the <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">CC-BY-SA 4.0</a> license, with the exception of <code>Kand-Logic</code>, which is derived from <code>Kandinsky-patterns</code> and as such is distributed under the <a href="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.en.html">GPL-3.0</a> license.   Datasets Overview <ul> <li>CLIP-embeddings. This folder contains the saved activations from a pretrained CLIP model applied to the tested dataset. It includes embeddings that represent the dataset in a format suitable for further analysis and experimentation.</li> <li>BDD_OIA-original-dataset. This directory holds the original files from the X-OIA project by Xu et al. [1]. These datasets have been made publicly available for ease of access and further research. If you are going to use it, please consider citing the original authors.</li> <li>kand-logic-3k. This folder contains all images generated for the Kand-Logic project. Each image is accompanied by annotations for both concepts and labels.</li> <li>bbox-kand-logic-3k. In this directory, you will find images from the Kand-Logic project that have undergone a preprocessing step. These images are extracted based on bounding boxes, rescaled, and include annotations for concepts and labels.</li> <li>sdd-oia. This folder includes all images and labels generated using rsbench.</li> <li>sdd-oia-embeddings. This directory contains 512-dimensional embeddings extracted from a pretrained ResNet18 model on ImageNet. The embeddings are derived from the sdd-oia`dataset.</li> <li>BDD-OIA-preprocessed. Here you will find preprocessed data that follow the methodology outlined by Sawada and Nakamura [2]. The folder contains 2048-dimensional embeddings extracted from a pretrained Faster-RCNN model on the BDD-100k dataset.</li> </ul> The original BDD datasets can be downloaded from the following Google Drive link: [<a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1WFiwRi_sMA_McZnkbEjh8Rnl-Im7_9Mk/view">Download BDD Dataset</a>].   References [1] Xu et al., *Explainable Object-Induced Action Decision for Autonomous Vehicles*, CVPR 2020. [2] Sawada and Nakamura, *Concept Bottleneck Model With Additional Unsupervised Concepts*, IEEE 2022.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2024View details →

Fig. 7 in A redescription of TraCheloSaUrUS fiSCheri from the Buntsandstein (Middle Triassic) of Bernburg, Germany: the first European DinoCephaloSaUrUS-like marine reptile and its systematic implications for long-necked early

Fig. 7 Close-ups of selected dorsal and sacral vertebrae and ribs of Trachelosaurus fischeri. A Anterior and mid-dorsal vertebrae (elements a-o). B Posterior dorsal vertebrae (elements s-u). C Anteriormost dorsal rib. D Posteriormost dorsal vertebrae and sacral vertebrae. Abbreviations: cap, capitulum; ce, centrum; diap, diapophysis; lam, lamina; na, neural arch; nc, neural canal; ns, neural spine; pap, parapophysis; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; podl, postzygodiapophyseal lamina; poz, postzygapophysis; prdl, prezygodiapophyseal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; rf, rib facet; rug, rugosity; sv, sacral vertebra; tub, tuberculum; tvp, transverse process