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Image 1. Lesser Yellow House Bat Scotophilus kuhlii Leach, 1821 in First record of Lesser Yellow House Bat Scotophilus kuhlii Leach, 1821 from Secunderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India with a note on its diet
Image 1. Lesser Yellow House Bat Scotophilus kuhlii Leach, 1821 from Secunderabad, Andhra Pradesh
Data from: Ecomorphological and phylogenetic controls on sympatry across extant bats
Aim: Macroecological patterns of sympatry can inform our understanding of how ecological and evolutionary processes govern species distributions. Following speciation, both intrinsic and extrinsic factors may determine how readily sympatry occurs. One possibility is that sympatry most readily occurs with ecological divergence, especially if broad-scale co-occurrence is mediated by niche differentiation. Time since divergence may also predict sympatry if hybridization and gene flow lead to the collapse of species boundaries between closely-related taxa. Here, we test for ecological and phylogenetic predictors of sympatry across the global radiation of extant bats. Location: Global Taxon: Bats (Order Chiroptera) Methods: We used a combination of linear mixed modeling, simulations, and maximum-likelihood modeling to test whether phylogenetic and ecomorphological divergence between species predict sympatry. We further assess how these relationships vary based on biogeographic realm. Results: We find that time since divergence does not predict sympatry in any biogeographic realm. Morphological divergence is negatively related to sympatry in the Neotropics, but shows no relationship with sympatry elsewhere. Main conclusions: We find that bats in most biogeographic realms co-occur at broad spatial scales regardless of phylogenetic similarity. Neotropical bats, however, appear to co-occur most readily when morphologically similar. To the extent that pairwise phylogenetic and morphological divergence reflect ecological differentiation, our results suggest that abiotic and environmental factors may be more important than species interactions in determining patterns of sympatry across bats.
Rapid Creation of a Data Product for the World's Specimens of Horseshoe Bats and Relatives, a Known Reservoir for Coronaviruses
<p>This repository is associated with NSF DBI 2033973, RAPID Grant: Rapid Creation of a Data Product for the World's Specimens of Horseshoe Bats and Relatives, a Known Reservoir for Coronaviruses (<a href="https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2033973">https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2033973</a>). Specifically, this repository contains <strong>(1) </strong>raw data from iDigBio (<a href="http://portal.idigbio.org">http://portal.idigbio.org</a>) and GBIF (<a href="https://www.gbif.org">https://www.gbif.org</a>), <strong>(2) </strong>R code for reproducible data wrangling and improvement, <strong>(3)</strong> protocols associated with data enhancements, and <strong>(4)</strong> enhanced versions of the dataset published at various project milestones. Additional code associated with this grant can be found in the BIOSPEX repository (<a href="https://github.com/iDigBio/Biospex">https://github.com/iDigBio/Biospex</a>). Long-term data management of the enhanced specimen data created by this project is expected to be accomplished by the natural history collections curating the physical specimens, a list of which can be found in this Zenodo resource.</p> <p><strong>Grant abstract:</strong> "The award to Florida State University will support research contributing to the development of georeferenced, vetted, and versioned data products of the world's specimens of horseshoe bats and their relatives for use by researchers studying the origins and spread of SARS-like coronaviruses, including the causative agent of COVID-19. Horseshoe bats and other closely related species are reported to be reservoirs of several SARS-like coronaviruses. Species of these bats are primarily distributed in regions where these viruses have been introduced to populations of humans. Currently, data associated with specimens of these bats are housed in natural history collections that are widely distributed both nationally and globally. Additionally, information tying these specimens to localities are mostly vague, or in many instances missing. This decreases the utility of the specimens for understanding the source, emergence, and distribution of SARS-COV-2 and similar viruses. This project will provide quality georeferenced data products through the consolidation of ancillary information linked to each bat specimen, using the extended specimen model. The resulting product will serve as a model of how data in biodiversity collections might be used to address emerging diseases of zoonotic origin. Results from the project will be disseminated widely in opensource journals, at scientific meetings, and via websites associated with the participating organizations and institutions. Support of this project provides a quality resource optimized to inform research relevant to improving our understanding of the biology and spread of SARS-CoV-2. The overall objectives are to deliver versioned data products, in formats used by the wider research and biodiversity collections communities, through an open-access repository; project protocols and code via GitHub and described in a peer-reviewed paper, and; sustained engagement with biodiversity collections throughout the project for reintegration of improved data into their local specimen data management systems improving long-term curation.</p> <p>This RAPID award will produce and deliver a georeferenced, vetted and consolidated data product for horseshoe bats and related species to facilitate understanding of the sources, distribution, and spread of SARS-CoV-2 and related viruses, a timely response to the ongoing global pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 and an important contribution to the global effort to consolidate and provide quality data that are relevant to understanding emergent and other properties the current pandemic. This RAPID award is made by the Division of Biological Infrastructure (DBI) using funds from the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act.</p> <p>This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria."</p> <p><strong>Files included in this resource</strong></p> <ul> <li><em>9d4b9069-48c4-4212-90d8-4dd6f4b7f2a5.zip</em>: Raw data from iDigBio, DwC-A format</li> <li><em>0067804-200613084148143.zip</em>: Raw data from GBIF, DwC-A format</li> <li><em>0067806-200613084148143.zip</em>: Raw data from GBIF, DwC-A format</li> <li><em>1623690110.zip</em>: Full export of this project's data (enhanced and raw) from BIOSPEX, CSV format</li> <li><em>bionomia-datasets-attributions.zip</em>: Directory containing 103 Frictionless Data packages for datasets that have attributions made containing Rhinolophids or Hipposiderids, each package also containing a CSV file for mismatches in person date of birth/death and specimen eventDate. File bionomia-datasets-attributions-key_2021-02-25.csv included in this directory provides a key between dataset identifier (how the Frictionless Data package files are named) and dataset name.</li> <li><em>bionomia-problem-dates-all-datasets_2021-02-25.csv</em>: List of 21 Hipposiderid or Rhinolophid records whose eventDate or dateIdentified mismatches a wikidata recipient’s date of birth or death across all datasets.</li> <li><em>flagEventDate.txt</em>: file containing term definition to reference in DwC-A</li> <li><em>flagExclude.txt</em>: file containing term definition to reference in DwC-A</li> <li><em>flagGeoreference.txt</em>: file containing term definition to reference in DwC-A</li> <li><em>flagTaxonomy.txt</em>: file containing term definition to reference in DwC-A</li> <li><em>georeferencedByID.txt</em>: file containing term definition to reference in DwC-A</li> <li><em>identifiedByNames.txt</em>: file containing term definition to reference in DwC-A</li> <li><em>instructions-to-get-people-data-from-bionomia-via-datasetKey</em>: instructions given to data providers</li> <li><em>RAPID-code_collection-date.R</em>: code associated with enhancing collection dates</li> <li><em>RAPID-code_compile-deduplicate.R</em>: code associated with compiling and deduplicating raw data</li> <li><em>RAPID-code_external-linkages-bold.R</em>: code associated with enhancing external linkages</li> <li><em>RAPID-code_external-linkages-genbank.R</em>: code associated with enhancing external linkages</li> <li><em>RAPID-code_external-linkages-standardize.R</em>: code associated with enhancing external linkages</li> <li><em>RAPID-code_people.R</em>: code associated with enhancing data about people</li> <li><em>RAPID-code_standardize-country.R</em>: code associated with standardizing country data</li> <li><em>RAPID-data-dictionary.pdf</em>: metadata about terms included in this project’s data, in PDF format</li> <li><em>RAPID-data-dictionary.xlsx</em>: metadata about terms included in this project’s data, in spreadsheet format</li> <li><em>rapid-data-providers_2021-05-03.csv</em>: list of data providers and number of records provided to rapid-joined-records_country-cleanup_2020-09-23.csv</li> <li><strong><em>rapid-final-data-product_2021-06-29.zip</em>: Enhanced data from BIOSPEX, DwC-A format</strong></li> <li><em>rapid-final-gazetteer.zip</em>: Gazetteer providing georeference data and metadata for 10,341 localities assessed as part of this project</li> <li><em>rapid-joined-records_country-cleanup_2020-09-23.csv</em>: data product initial version where raw data has been compiled and deduplicated, and country data has been standardized</li> <li><em>RAPID-protocol_collection-date.pdf</em>: protocol associated with enhancing collection dates</li> <li><em>RAPID-protocol_compile-deduplicate.pdf</em>: protocol associated with compiling and deduplicating raw data</li> <li><em>RAPID-protocol_external-linkages.pdf</em>: protocol associated with enhancing external linkages</li> <li><em>RAPID-protocol_georeference.pdf</em>: protocol associated with georeferencing</li> <li><em>RAPID-protocol_people.pdf</em>: protocol associated with enhancing data about people</li> <li><em>RAPID-protocol_standardize-country.pdf</em>: protocol associated with standardizing country data</li> <li><em>RAPID-protocol_taxonomic-names.pdf</em>: protocol associated with enhancing taxonomic name data</li> <li><em>RAPIDAgentStrings1_archivedCopy_30March2021.ods</em>: resource used in conjunction with RAPID people protocol</li> <li><em>recordedByNames.txt</em>: file containing term definition to reference in DwC-A</li> <li><em>Rhinolophid-HipposideridAgentStrings_and_People2_archivedCopy_30March2021.ods</em>: resource used in conjunction with RAPID people protocol</li> <li><em>wikidata-notes-for-bat-collectors_leachman_2020</em>: please see <a href="https://zenodo.org/record/4724139">https://zenodo.org/record/4724139</a> for this resource</li> </ul>
Data from: Investigating cat predation as the cause of bat wing tears using forensic DNA analysis
<p>Cat predation upon bat<i> </i>species has been reported to have significant effects on bat populations in both rural and urban areas. The majority of research in this area has focussed on observational data from bat rehabilitators documenting injuries, and cat owners, when domestic cats present prey. However, this has the potential to underestimate the number of bats killed or injured by cats. Here, we use forensic DNA analysis techniques to analyse swabs taken from injured bats in the United Kingdom, mainly including <i>Pipistrellus pipistrellus </i>(40 out of 72 specimens)<i>. </i>Using quantitative PCR, cat DNA was found in two-thirds of samples submitted by bat rehabilitators. Of these samples, short tandem repeat analysis produced partial DNA profiles for approximately one-third of samples, which could be used to link predation events to individual cats. The use of genetic analysis can complement observational data, and potentially provide additional information to give a more accurate estimation of cat predation. </p>
Hearing sensitivity: An underlying mechanism for niche differentiation in gleaning bats
<p>Supplemental data, Auditory Brain Response (ABR) measurement files, measured echolocation call parameter, echolocation call sequences</p>
Figure 4 in Methods of biological maceration in the preparation of bat skulls: benefits and limitations
Figure 4. Skull of Sturnira lilium (MN 82282), prepared by the controlled maceration method with fly larvae. long exposure to moisture. Greater care is needed when size, bat skulls need constant monitoring during macerwashing the mandible on these. At the end of the pro- ation processes. cess, clean skulls were obtained, with little or no damage, The limitations of controlled maceration with dersome pieces showing a slight darkening (Fig. 4). mestids are related to the need to maintain the colony
Figure 2 in Methods of biological maceration in the preparation of bat skulls: benefits and limitations
Figure 2. (A) Carollia brevicauda skull (MN 83019) placed on wet cotton in the first days. (B) Same skull after oviposition.
Figure 1 in Methods of biological maceration in the preparation of bat skulls: benefits and limitations
Figure 1. (A) Glass vessel (90 mm height and 38 mm diameter) used to hold the skulls during the experiment. (B) Container with a Carollia brevicauda (MN 83019) skull.
Figure 3 in Methods of biological maceration in the preparation of bat skulls: benefits and limitations
Figure 3. (A) Sturnira lilium skull (MN 82282) hydrated for the cleaning process by fly larvae. (B) The same skull on the eighth day of contact with fly larvae. (C) After 21 days of maceration.
High vulnerability of juvenile Nathusius' pipistrelle bats (Pipistrellus nathusii) at wind turbines
<p>Large numbers of bats are killed by wind turbines globally, yet the specific demographic consequences of wind turbine mortality are still unclear. In this study, we compared characteristics of Nathusius’ pipistrelles (<em>Pipistrellus nathusii</em>) killed at wind turbines (N = 119) to those observed within the live population (N = 524) during the summer migration period in Germany. We used generalised linear mixed effects modelling to identify demographic groups most vulnerable to wind turbine mortality, including sex, age (adult or juvenile), and geographic origin (regional or long-distance migrant; depicted by fur stable hydrogen isotope ratios). Juveniles contributed with a higher proportion of carcasses at wind turbines than expected given their frequency in the live population suggesting that juvenile bats may be particularly vulnerable to wind turbine mortality. This effect varied with wind turbine density. Specifically, at low wind turbine densities, representing mostly inland areas with water bodies and forests where Nathusius’ pipistrelles breed, juveniles were found more often dead beneath turbines than expected based on their abundance in the live population. At high wind turbine densities, representing mostly coastal areas where Nathusius’ pipistrelles migrate, adults and juveniles were equally vulnerable. We found no evidence of increased vulnerability to wind turbines in either sex, yet we observed a higher proportion of females than males among carcasses as well as the live population, which may reflect a female bias in the live population most likely caused by females migrating from their north-eastern breeding areas migrating into Germany. A high mortality of females is conservation concern for this migratory bat species because it affects the annual reproduction rate of populations. A distant origin did not influence the likelihood of getting killed at wind turbines. A disproportionately high vulnerability of juveniles to wind turbine mortality may reduce juvenile recruitment, which may limit the resilience of Nathusius’ pipistrelles to environmental stressors such as climate change or habitat loss. Schemes to mitigate wind turbine mortality, such as elevated cut-in speeds, should be implemented throughout Europe to prevent population declines of Nathusius’ pipistrelles and other migratory bats.</p> <p> </p> <p>Supplementary material 1: DataS1: primary_data_Kruzynski_et_al (includes bats raw data of stable isotopes).</p> <p>Supplementary material 2 includes Fig S1: Hydrogen isotopic ratios of long-distance and regional Nathusius’ pipistrelle bats from carcasses (WT) and live population (BB) in Germany during the migratory period </p>
Fig. 3 in The Use of Molecular Phylogenetic and Morphological Tools to Identify Cryptic and Paraphyletic Species: Examples from the Diminutive Long-fingered Bats (Chiroptera: Miniopteridae: Miniopterus) on Madagascar
Fig. 3. Photograph of living Miniopterus brachytragos captured near Ambanizana, Masoala Peninsula
Analytic dataset informing modeling of winter species distributions of North American bat species
<p>The fungal pathogen <i>Pseudogymnoascus destructans</i> and resultant white-nose syndrome (WNS) continues to advance across North America, infecting new bat populations, species, and hibernacula. Western North America hosts the highest bat diversity in the U.S. and Canada, yet little is known about hibernacula and hibernation behavior in this region. An improved understanding of where bats hibernate and the conditions that create suitable hibernacula is critical if land managers are to anticipate and address the conservation needs of WNS-susceptible species in regions yet to be infected. We estimated suitability of potential winter hibernaculum sites across the ranges of five bat species occurring in western North America. We estimated winter survival capacity from a mechanistic survivorship model based on bat bioenergetics and climate conditions. Leveraging the Google Earth Engine platform for spatial data processing, we used boosted regression trees to relate these estimates, along with key landscape attributes, to bat occurrence data in a hybrid correlative-mechanistic approach. Winter survival capacity, topography, land cover, and access to caves and mines were important predictors of winter hibernaculum selection, but the shape and relative importance of these relationships varied among species. This suggests that the occurrence of bat hibernacula can, in part, be predicted from readily mapped above-ground features, and is not only dictated by below-ground characteristics for which spatial data are lacking. Furthermore, our mechanistic estimate of winter survivorship was, on average, the third strongest predictor of winter occurrence probability across focal species. Winter distributions of North American bat species were driven by their physiological capacity to survive winter conditions and duration in a given location, as well as selection for topographic and other landscape features, but in species-specific ways. The influence of winter survivorship on several species' distributions, the underlying influence of climate conditions on winter survivorship, and the anticipated influence of WNS on bats' hibernation physiology and survivorship together suggest that North American bat distributions may undergo future shifts as these species are exposed to not only WNS, but climate change. We anticipate that the models presented here may offer a valuable baseline for assessing the potential species-level impacts of these stressors.</p>
Fig. 35 in Phylogeny Of Phyllostomid Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera): Data From Diverse Morphological Systems, Sex Chromosomes, And Restriction Sites
Fig. 35. Closeup dorsal views of a medial circumvallate papilla in A. Noctilio leporinus (AMNH
Fig. 3 in Phylogeny Of Phyllostomid Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera): Data From Diverse Morphological Systems, Sex Chromosomes, And Restriction Sites
Fig. 3. Tree from Wenzel et al. (1966; redrawn from fig. 144) by de la Torre.
FIGURE 10 in A second endemic land mammal for the Hawaiian Islands: a new genus and species of fossil bat (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)
FIGURE 10. Skeleton of Synemporion keana in situ on the floor near the lower end of Māhiehie Cave.
FIGURE 9 in Systematics and Taxonomy of Great Striped-Faced Bats of the Genus Vampyrodes Thomas, 1900 (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae)
FIGURE 9. Lateral views of the skulls and lower jaw of (A) Vampyrodes carac-
FIGURE 1 in Systematics and Taxonomy of Great Striped-Faced Bats of the Genus Vampyrodes Thomas, 1900 (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae)
FIGURE 1. Photograph of an adult male Vampy-
FIGURE 2 in Systematics and Taxonomy of Great Striped-Faced Bats of the Genus Vampyrodes Thomas, 1900 (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae)
FIGURE 2. Photo-
Fig. 10 in Phylogenetic Relationships Of Mormoopid Bats (Chiroptera: Mormoopidae) Based On Morphological Data
Fig. 10. Ventral view of the hand of Mormoops megalophylla (redrawn from Vaughan and Bateman,
Fig. 3 in Phylogenetic Relationships Of Mormoopid Bats (Chiroptera: Mormoopidae) Based On Morphological Data
Fig. 3. Dorsal (A), ventral (B), and lateral (C) views of the skull of Pteronotus pristinus (ROM
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.