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opencc-by-4.0Nov 2024View details →

Comprehensive Transcriptomic Analysis of Spodoptera Frugi-perda Reveals Stage-Specific Gene Expression and P450-Mediated Adaptation Mechanisms

Spodoptera frugiperda is a highly adaptable agricultural pest with a complex life cycle, posing significant challenges to pest control. This study conducted a transcriptomic analysis across nine developmental stages, identifying 6,834 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 3,072 stage-specific genes (SSGs) critical for their development and adaptability. Significant gene expression shifts were observed during the transition from late larval stages to adulthood. Notably, a high number of SSGs in 6th instar larvae and adult males were enriched in pathways related to oxidative phosphorylation and neural signaling, indicating high metabolic and reproductive demands. Widely shared DEGs associated with ecdysone signaling and detoxification processes underscore robust adaptation mechanisms.

opencc-zeroDec 2016View details →

Data from: Linking social and spatial networks to viral community phylogenetics reveals subtype-specific transmission dynamics in African lions

1.Heterogeneity within pathogen species can have important consequences for how pathogens transmit across landscapes; however, discerning different transmission routes is challenging. 2.Here we apply both phylodynamic and phylogenetic community ecology techniques to examine the consequences of pathogen heterogeneity on transmission by assessing subtype specific transmission pathways in a social carnivore. 3.We use comprehensive social and spatial network data to examine transmission pathways for three subtypes of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIVPle) in African lions (Panthera leo) at multiple scales in the Serengeti National Park, Tanzania. We used FIVPle molecular data to examine the role of social organization and lion density in shaping transmission pathways and tested to what extent vertical (i.e., father and/or mother offspring relationships) or horizontal (between unrelated individuals) transmission underpinned these patterns for each subtype. Using the same data, we constructed subtype specific FIVPle co-occurrence networks and assessed what combination of social networks, spatial networks, or co-infection best structured the FIVPle network. 4.While social organization (i.e., pride) was an important component of FIVPle transmission pathways at all scales, we find that FIVPle subtypes exhibited different transmission pathways at within- and between-pride scales. A combination of social and spatial networks, coupled with consideration of subtype co-infection, was likely to be important for FIVPle transmission for the two major subtypes, but the relative contribution of each factor was strongly subtype specific. 5.Our study provides evidence that pathogen heterogeneity is important in understanding pathogen transmission, which could have consequences for how endemic pathogens are managed. Furthermore, we demonstrate that community phylogenetic ecology coupled with phylodynamic techniques can reveal insights into the differential evolutionary pressures acting on virus subtypes, which can manifest into landscape-level effects.

opencc-zeroFeb 2020View details →

No evidence for single-copy immune-gene specific signals of selection in termites

Selection pressures from pathogens appear to play an important role in shaping social evolution. Social behavior, in particular brood care, is associated with pathogen pressure in wood-dwelling "lower" termites. Yet, generally pathogen pressure is predicted to be low in wood-dwelling termite species that never leave the nest except for the mating flight. In comparison, pathogen pressure is predicted to be higher in species that leave the nest to forage, and thus constantly encounter a diversity of microbes from their environment. We hypothesized that such differences in predicted pathogen pressure are also reflected by differences in the intensity of natural selection on immune genes. We tested this hypothesis in a phylogenetic framework, analyzing rates of non-synonymous and synonymous substitutions on single-copy immune genes. Therefore, we leveraged recent genomic and transcriptomic data from eight termite species, representing wood-dwelling and foraging species as well as 14 additional species spanning the winged insects (Pterygota). Our results provide no evidence for a role of pathogen pressure in selection intensity on single-copy immune genes. Instead, we found evidence for a genome-wide pattern of relaxed selection in termites.

Data Matrix Theme-Specific Analysis of the Recommendation on Science and Scientific Researchers (RSSR): Open Access, Open Data, and Open Science

This Table sets out findings from the mapping exercise conducted as part of the objectives of subtask 6.1 of the RRING project. Aim: Alignment of RRI to advance the UN SDGs. Objectives: <ul> <li>Mapping the RSSR to the SDGs </li> </ul> Mapping the RSSR to the SDGs is aimed at providing new perspectives, ideas and approaches that can help to improve the operationalization and implementation of each SDG, by facilitating the integration of RRI (or RRI-like) practices in the SDGs, to make them more achievable. The impact of the new perspectives, ideas and approaches in SDG operationalization and implementation will be aimed at the level of national and international policy (making); future research and innovation projects (in industry and academia); as well as education and training of researchers, policy makers and other stakeholders. Two documents were used for this task: <ul> <li>2017 Recommendation on Science and Scientific Researchers ([RSSR], UNESCO), and</li> <li>the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development with the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).</li> </ul>

Modality-specific dysfunctional neural processing of social-abstract and non-social-concrete information in schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is characterized by marked communication dysfunctions encompassing potential impairments in the processing of social-abstract and non-social-concrete information, especially in everyday situations where multiple modalities are present in the form of speech and gesture. To date, the neurobiological basis of these deficits remains elusive. In a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, 17 patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder, and 18 matched controls watched videos of an actor speaking, gesturing (unimodal), and both speaking and gesturing (bimodal) about social or non-social events in a naturalistic way. Participants were asked to judge whether each video contains person-related (social) or object-related (non-social) information. When processing social-abstract content, patients showed reduced activation in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) only in the gesture but not in the speech condition. For non-social-concrete content, remarkably, reduced neural activation for patients in the left postcentral gyrus and the right insula was observed only in the speech condition. Moreover, in the bimodal conditions, patients displayed improved task performance and comparable activation to controls in both social and non-social content. To conclude, patients with schizophrenia displayed modality-specific aberrant neural processing of social and non-social information, which is not present for the bimodal conditions. This finding provides novel insights into dysfunctional multimodal communication in schizophrenia, and may have potential therapeutic implications.

The heavy chain 4F2hc modulates the substrate affinity and specificity of the light chains LAT1 and LAT2

Data to Kantipudi S., Jeckelmann J.-M., Ucurum Z., Bosshart P.D. and Fotiadis D. Int. J. Mol. Sci. (2020) 21, 7573.

Figure 4 of 'Structural basis for the specificity of PPM1H phosphatase for Rab GTPases'

Raw data for Figure 4 from manuscript 'Structural basis for the specificity of PPM1H phosphatase for Rab GTPases', Dieter Waschbüsch, Kerryn Berndsen, Pawel Lis, Axel Knebel, Yuko P. Y. Lam, Dario R. Alessi, Amir R. Khan Figure 4A - sequences of the chimaeras.txt: Aminoacid sequences of the chimaeric proteins used in the assays   Figure 4B.tif: Coomassie stained gel of recombinant PPM phosphatases shown in Fig.4B. Last lane containing phosphatase PPM1A not shown in figure.   Figure 4CD Malachite.xlsx: Numerical data for the charts shown in Fig.4C and Fig.4D.   Figure 4E 700.tif: Top to bottom: <ol> <li>Total LRRK2 blot shown in Fig.4E</li> <li>HA blot for PPM phosphatases (PPM constructs) shown In Fig.4E</li> <li>GAPDH loading controls for blots in Fig.4E</li> <li>HA blot for Rab8A shown in Fig.4E</li> </ol>   Figure 4E 800.tif: <ol> <li>Phospho-Rab8A Thr72 blot shown in Fig.4E</li> </ol>   Figure 4F 700.tif: Top to bottom: <ol> <li>Total LRRK2 blot shown in Fig.4E</li> <li>HA blot for PPM phosphatases (PPM constructs). HA blot was not used for Fig.4F. Membrane was reblotted, shown in tif file Figure 4F 700-2</li> <li>GAPDH loading controls for blots in Fig.4F</li> <li>HA blot for Rab10. HA blot was not used for Fig.4F. Membrane was reblotted, shown in tif file Figure 4F 700-2</li> </ol>   Figure 4F 700-2.tif: Top to bottom: <ol> <li>HA blot for PPM phosphatases (PPM constructs) shown In Fig.4E</li> <li>GAPDH loading controls for blots in Fig.4F</li> <li>HA blot for Rab8A shown in Fig.4E</li> </ol>   Figure 4F 800.tif: <ol> <li>Phospho-Rab10 Thr73 blot shown in Fig.4F</li> </ol>

Figure 3 of 'Structural basis for the specificity of PPM1H phosphatase for Rab GTPases'

Raw data for Figure 3 from manuscript 'Structural basis for the specificity of PPM1H phosphatase for Rab GTPases', Dieter Waschbüsch, Kerryn Berndsen, Pawel Lis, Axel Knebel, Yuko P. Y. Lam, Dario R. Alessi, Amir R. Khan   Figure 3B-WT.afe7 Astra data file with data shown in Fig.3B (left)   Figure 3B-2Glu.afe7 Astra data file with data shown in Fig.3B (right)   Figure 3C gel.tif: Coomassie stained gel of recombinant PPM1H WT and mutant proteins shown in Fig.3C   Figure 3D Malachite.xlsx: Numerical data for the charts shown in Fig.3D

Figure 2 of 'Structural basis for the specificity of PPM1H phosphatase for Rab GTPases'

Raw data for Figure 2 from manuscript 'Structural basis for the specificity of PPM1H phosphatase for Rab GTPases', Dieter Waschbüsch, Kerryn Berndsen, Pawel Lis, Axel Knebel, Yuko P. Y. Lam, Dario R. Alessi, Amir R. Khan Figure 2A gel.tif: Coomassie-stained SDS-PAGE gel showing the result of crosslinking of PPM1H D288A with phospho-Rab8A.   Figure 2BC. List of cross-links with distances.xlsx: List of crosslinks identified between PPM1H D288A with phospho-Rab8A shown in Fig.2B and Fig.2C.   Figure 2DEF Malachite.xlsx: Numerical data for the charts shown in Fig.2D, Fig.2E and Fig.2F.

Figure EV1 of 'Structural basis for the specificity of PPM1H phosphatase for Rab GTPases'

Raw data for Figure EV1 from manuscript 'Structural basis for the specificity of PPM1H phosphatase for Rab GTPases', Dieter Waschbüsch, Kerryn Berndsen, Pawel Lis, Axel Knebel, Yuko P. Y. Lam, Dario R. Alessi, Amir R. Khan Figure EV1A 700.tif: Top to bottom: <ol> <li>Total LRRK2 blot shown in Fig.EV1A</li> <li>GAPDH loading controls for blots in Fig.EV1A</li> <li>HA blot for Rab10 shown in Fig.EV1A</li> </ol> Figure EV1A 800.tif: <ol> <li>HA blot for PPM phosphatases (PPM constructs) shown In Fig.EV1A</li> <li>Phospho-Rab10 Thr72 blot shown in Fig.EV1A</li> </ol> Figure EV1B.tif: Scans of Coomassie stained gels shown in Fig.EV1B

Figure 6 of 'Structural basis for the specificity of PPM1H phosphatase for Rab GTPases'

Raw data for Figure 6 from manuscript 'Structural basis for the specificity of PPM1H phosphatase for Rab GTPases', Dieter Waschbüsch, Kerryn Berndsen, Pawel Lis, Axel Knebel, Yuko P. Y. Lam, Dario R. Alessi, Amir R. Khan   Figure 6B 700.tif: Top to bottom: <ol> <li>Total LRRK2 blot shown in Fig.6B</li> <li>HA blot for PPM phosphatases (PPM constructs) shown In Fig.6B</li> <li>GAPDH loading controls for blots in Fig.6B</li> <li>HA blot for Rab10 shown in Fig.6B</li> </ol>   Figure 6B 800.tif: <ol> <li>Phospho-Rab10 Thr73 blot shown in Fig.6B</li> </ol>

Figure 1 of 'Structural basis for the specificity of PPM1H phosphatase for Rab GTPases'

Raw data for Figure 1 from manuscript 'Structural basis for the specificity of PPM1H phosphatase for Rab GTPases', Dieter Waschbüsch, Kerryn Berndsen, Pawel Lis, Axel Knebel, Yuko P. Y. Lam, Dario R. Alessi, Amir R. Khan Figure 1D Rab8A.tif: Scans of Coomassie stained gels shown in Fig.1D: Left: Coomassie stained Phos-tag gel of PPM1H with Rab8A Right: Coomassie stained Phos-tag gel of PPM1J with Rab8A   Figure 1D Rab10.tif: Scans of Coomassie stained gels shown in Fig.1D: Upper gel: Coomassie stained Phos-tag gel of PPM1H with Rab10 Lower gel: Coomassie stained Phos-tag gel of PPM1J with Rab10

Figure 5 of 'Structural basis for the specificity of PPM1H phosphatase for Rab GTPases'

Raw data for Figure 5 from manuscript 'Structural basis for the specificity of PPM1H phosphatase for Rab GTPases', Dieter Waschbüsch, Kerryn Berndsen, Pawel Lis, Axel Knebel, Yuko P. Y. Lam, Dario R. Alessi, Amir R. Khan Figure 5BE Malachite.xlsx: Numerical data for the charts shown in Fig.5B and Fig.5E.   Figure 5C.tif: Coomassie stained gel of recombinant PPM1H WT and mutant proteins shown in Fig.5C   Figure 5D 700.png: Top to bottom: 1) Total LRRK2 blot shown in Fig.5D 2) HA blot for PPM phosphatases (PPM constructs) shown in Fig.5D 3) GAPDH loading control for blots in Fig.5D 4) HA blot for Rab10 shown in Fig.5D   Figure 5D 800.png: 1) Phospho-Rab10 pThr73 blot shown in Fig.5D   Figure 5E.tif: Coomassie stained gel of recombinant PPM1H WT and mutant proteins shown in Fig.5E   Figure 5F 700 Rab8A.png: Top to bottom (Rab8A) 1) Total LRRK2 blot shown in Fig.5F 2) HA blot for PPM phosphatases (PPM constructs) shown in Fig.5F 3) GAPDH loading control for blots in Fig.5F 4) HA blot for Rab8A shown in Fig.5F   Figure 5F 800 Rab8A.png: 1) Phospho-Rab8A pThr72 blot shown in Fig.5F   Figure 5F 700 Rab10.png: Top to bottom (Rab10) 1) Total LRRK2 blot shown in Fig.5F 2) HA blot for PPM phosphatases (PPM constructs) shown in Fig.5F 3) GAPDH loading control for blots in Fig.5F 4) HA blot for Rab10 shown in Fig.5F   Figure 5F 800 Rab10.png: 1) Phospho-Rab10 pThr73 blot shown in Fig.5F

Structural basis for the specificity of PPM1H phosphatase for Rab GTPases

LRRK2 serine/threonine kinase is associated with inherited Parkinson’s disease. LRRK2 phosphorylates a subset of Rab GTPases within their switch 2 motif to control their interactions with effectors. Recent work has shown that the metal-dependent protein phosphatase PPM1H counteracts LRRK2 by dephosphorylating Rabs. PPM1H is highly selective and closely related PPM1J exhibits no activity toward substrates such as Rab8a phosphorylated at Thr72 (pThr72). Here we have identified the structural determinant of PPM1H specificity for Rabs. The crystal structure of PPM1H reveals that it is a dimer, confirmed by biophysical analysis, and possesses a conserved catalytic domain that strikingly has evolved a 110-residue flap domain adjacent to the active site. The flap domain distantly resembles tudor domains that interact with histones in the context of epigenetics. Cellular assays, crosslinking and 3-D modelling suggest that the flap domain encodes the docking motif for phosphorylated Rabs. Consistent with this hypothesis, a PPM1J chimaera with the PPM1H flap domain dephosphorylates pThr72 of Rab8a both in vitro and in cellular assays. Therefore, PPM1H has acquired a Rab-specific interaction domain within a conserved phosphatase fold.   FILE DECRIPTIONS Figure 1D Rab8A.tif: Scans of Coomassie stained gels shown in Fig.1D: Left: Coomassie stained Phos-tag gel of PPM1H with Rab8A Right: Coomassie stained Phos-tag gel of PPM1J with Rab8A Figure 1D Rab10.tif: Scans of Coomassie stained gels shown in Fig.1D: Upper gel: Coomassie stained Phos-tag gel of PPM1H with Rab10 Lower gel: Coomassie stained Phos-tag gel of PPM1J with Rab10 Figure 2A gel.tif: Coomassie-stained SDS-PAGE gel showing the result of crosslinking of PPM1H D288A with phospho-Rab8A. Figure 2BC. List of cross-links with distances.xlsx: List of crosslinks identified between PPM1H D288A with phospho-Rab8A shown in Fig.2B and Fig.2C. In green crosslinks ≤32 Å, in red crosslinks >32 Å, in grey crosslinks mapping to the flexible loops missing from the crystal structure. Figure 2DEF Malachite.xlsx: Numerical data for the charts shown in Fig.2D, Fig.2E and Fig.2F. Figure 3B-WT.afe7 Astra data file with data shown in Fig.3B (left) Figure 3B-2Glu.afe7 Astra data file with data shown in Fig.3B (right) Figure 3C gel.tif: Coomassie stained gel of recombinant PPM1H WT and mutant proteins shown in Fig.3C Figure 3D Malachite.xlsx: Numerical data for the charts shown in Fig.3D Figure 4A - sequences of the chimaeras.txt: Aminoacid sequences of the chimaeric proteins used in the assays Figure 4B.tif: Coomassie stained gel of recombinant PPM phosphatases shown in Fig.4B. Last lane containing phosphatase PPM1A not shown in figure. Figure 4CD Malachite.xlsx: Numerical data for the charts shown in Fig.4C and Fig.4D. Figure 4E 700.tif: Top to bottom: <ol> <li>Total LRRK2 blot shown in Fig.4E</li> <li>HA blot for PPM phosphatases (PPM constructs) shown In Fig.4E</li> <li>GAPDH loading controls for blots in Fig.4E</li> <li>HA blot for Rab8A shown in Fig.4E</li> </ol> Figure 4E 800.tif: <ol> <li>Phospho-Rab8A Thr72 blot shown in Fig.4E</li> </ol> Figure 4F 700.tif: Top to bottom: <ol> <li>Total LRRK2 blot shown in Fig.4F</li> <li>HA blot for PPM phosphatases (PPM constructs). HA blot was not used for Fig.4F. Membrane was reblotted, shown in tif file Figure 4F 700-2</li> <li>GAPDH loading controls for blots in Fig.4F</li> <li>HA blot for Rab10. HA blot was not used for Fig.4F. Membrane was reblotted, shown in tif file Figure 4F 700-2</li> </ol> Figure 4F 700-2.tif: Top to bottom: <ol> <li>HA blot for PPM phosphatases (PPM constructs) shown In Fig.4F</li> <li>GAPDH loading controls for blots in Fig.4F</li> <li>HA blot for Rab10 shown in Fig.4F</li> </ol> Figure 4F 800.tif: <ol> <li>Phospho-Rab10 Thr73 blot shown in Fig.4F</li> </ol> Figure 5BE Malachite.xlsx: Numerical data for the charts shown in Fig.5B and Fig.5E. Figure 5C.tif: Coomassie stained gel of recombinant PPM1H WT and mutant proteins shown in Fig.5C Figure 5D 700.png: Top to bottom: <ol> <li>Total LRRK2 blot shown in Fig.5D</li> <li>HA blot for PPM phosphatases (PPM constructs) shown in Fig.5D</li> <li>GAPDH loading control for blots in Fig.5D</li> <li>HA blot for Rab10 shown in Fig.5D</li> </ol> Figure 5D 800.png: Phospho-Rab10 pThr73 blot shown in Fig.5D Figure 5E.tif: Coomassie stained gel of recombinant PPM1H WT and mutant proteins shown in Fig.5E Figure 5F 700 Rab8A.png: Top to bottom (Rab8A) <ol> <li>Total LRRK2 blot shown in Fig.5F</li> <li>HA blot for PPM phosphatases (PPM constructs) shown in Fig.5F</li> <li>GAPDH loading control for blots in Fig.5F</li> <li>HA blot for Rab8A shown in Fig.5F</li> </ol> Figure 5F 800 Rab8A.png: Phospho-Rab8A pThr72 blot shown in Fig.5F Figure 5F 700 Rab10.png: Top to bottom (Rab10) <ol> <li>Total LRRK2 blot shown in Fig.5F</li> <li>HA blot for PPM phosphatases (PPM constructs) shown in Fig.5F</li> <li>GAPDH loading control for blots in Fig.5F</li> <li>HA blot for Rab10 shown in Fig.5F</li> </ol> Figure 5F 800 Rab10.png: Phospho-Rab10 pThr73 blot shown in Fig.5F Figure 6B 700.tif: Top to bottom: <ol> <li>Total LRRK2 blot shown in Fig.6B</li> <li>HA blot for PPM phosphatases (PPM constructs) shown In Fig.6B</li> <li>GAPDH loading controls for blots in Fig.6B</li> <li>HA blot for Rab10 shown in Fig.6B</li> </ol> Figure 6B 800.tif: <ol> <li>Phospho-Rab10 Thr73 blot shown in Fig.6B</li> </ol> Figure EV1A 700.tif: Top to bottom: <ol> <li>Total LRRK2 blot shown in Fig.EV1A</li> <li>GAPDH loading controls for blots in Fig.EV1A</li> <li>HA blot for Rab10 shown in Fig.EV1A</li> </ol> Figure EV1A 800.tif: <ol> <li>HA blot for PPM phosphatases (PPM constructs) shown In Fig.EV1A</li> <li>Phospho-Rab10 Thr72 blot shown in Fig.EV1A</li> </ol> Figure EV1B.tif: Scans of Coomassie stained gels shown in Fig.EV1B Figure EV2C Malachite.xlsx: Numerical data for the chart shown in Fig.EV2C

opencc-zeroJul 2021View details →

Borrelia infection in bank voles Myodes glareolus is associated with specific DQB haplotypes which affect allelic divergence within individuals

The high polymorphism of Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) genes is generally considered to be a result of pathogen-mediated balancing selection. Such selection may operate in the form of heterozygote advantage, and/or through specific MHC allele–pathogen interactions. Specific MHC allele–pathogen interactions may promote polymorphism via negative frequency-dependent selection (NFDS), or selection that varies in time and/or space because of variability in the composition of the pathogen community (fluctuating selection; FS). In addition, divergent allele advantage (DAA) may act on top of these forms of balancing selection, explaining the high sequence divergence between MHC alleles. DAA has primarily been thought of as an extension of heterozygote advantage. However, DAA could also work in concert with NFDS though this is yet to be tested explicitly. To evaluate the importance of DAA in pathogen-mediated balancing selection, we surveyed allelic polymorphism of MHC class II DQB genes in wild bank voles (Myodes glareolus) and tested for associations between DQB haplotypes and infection by Borrelia afzelii, a tick-transmitted bacterium causing Lyme disease in humans. We found two significant associations between DQB haplotypes and infection status: one haplotype was associated with lower risk of infection (resistance), while another was associated with higher risk of infection (susceptibility). Interestingly, allelic divergence within individuals was higher for voles with the resistance haplotype compared to other voles. In contrast, allelic divergence was lower for voles with the susceptibility haplotype than other voles. The pattern of higher allelic divergence in individuals with the resistance haplotype is consistent with NFDS favouring divergent alleles in a natural population, hence selection where DAA works in concert with NFDS.

opencc-zeroDec 2020View details →

Intra-specific variation in plant associated herbivore communities is phylogenetically structured in Brassicaceae

As a result of co-evolution between plants and herbivores, related plants often interact with similar herbivore communities. Variation in plant-herbivore interactions is determined by variation in underlying functional traits and by ecological and stochastic processes. Hence, typically only a subset of possible interactions is realized on individual plants. We show that insect herbivore communities assembling on individual plants are structured by plant phylogeny among twelve species in two phylogenetic lineages of Brassicaceae. This community sorting to plant phylogeny was retained when splitting the community according to herbivore feeding guilds. Relative abundance of herbivores as well as the size of the community structured community dissimilarity among plant species. Importantly, the amount of intra-specific variation in realized plant-herbivore interactions is also phylogenetically structured. We argue that variability in realized interactions that is not directly structured by plant traits is ecologically relevant and must be considered in the evolution of plant defences.

opencc-zeroJul 2021View details →

Climate-driven dietary change on the Colorado Plateau, USA and implications for gender-specific foraging patterns

Complementary archaeological and paleoenvironmental datasets from North Creek Shelter (Colorado Plateau, Utah, USA) are analyzed using the diet breadth model, revealing human dietary patterns during the early and middle Holocene. Abundance indices are derived from botanical and faunal datasets and along with stone tools, are used to test the prediction that increasing aridity caused the decline of high-return resources. This prediction appears valid with respect to botanical resources, as high-ranked plants drop out of the diet after 9800 cal BP and replaced with low-ranked, small seeds. The prediction is not met, however, with respect to faunal resources: high-ranked artiodactyls are consistently abundant in the diet. The effects of climate change on dietary choices are also examined, finding that increased aridity coincides with greater use of small seeds and ground stone tools, but not with increases in low-ranked fauna, such as leporids. The patterns observed from the North Creek Shelter botanical and faunal datasets may reflect different foraging strategies between men and women, thus accounting for the discrepancy that low-ranked plant resources became increasingly abundant in the diet without a corresponding decrease in abundance of high-ranked artiodactyls. If so, then archaeological records with similar datasets should be re-examined with this perspective.

opencc-zeroAug 2021View details →

Context-dependent effects of Trichoderma seed inoculation on anthracnose disease and seed yield of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris): ambient conditions override cultivar-specific differences

Root colonizing Trichoderma fungi can stimulate plant immunity, but net effects are strain × cultivar-specific and changing ambient conditions further contribute to variable outcomes. Here, we used four Trichoderma spp. to inoculate seeds of four common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) cultivars and explored in three different experimental setups the effects on fungal anthracnose after leaf inoculation with Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. Plants growing in pots with field soil under greenhouse conditions exhibited the highest and those in the open field the lowest overall levels of disease. Among 48 Trichoderma strain × bean cultivar × setup combinations, Trichoderma-inoculation enhanced disease in six and decreased disease in ten cases, but with the exception of T. asperellum B6-inoculated Negro San Luis beans, the strain × cultivar-specific effects on anthracnose severity differed among the setups, and anthracnose severity did not predict seed yield in the open field. In the case of Flor de Mayo beans, Trichoderma even reduced yield in anthracnose-free field plots, although this effect was counterbalanced in anthracnose-infected plots. We consider our work as a case study that calls for stronger emphasis on field experiments in the early phases of screenings of Trichoderma inoculants as plant biostimulants.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2021View details →

Figures for "Conformer-specific Photochemistry Imaged in Real Space and Time "

This is data and code to create the figures of the manuscript "Conformer-specific Photochemistry Imaged in Real Space and Time ". Data are in .npy format, code to create the figures is in python.