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1,133 results for “wetlands”
Butterfly species diversity and their floral preferences in the Rupa wetland of Nepal
<p><span>The diversity of butterflies is known to some extent in Nepal, but the study of their interactions with nectar plant sources and floral attributes is limited. This study was conducted along the periphery of Rupa Wetland, a Ramsar site, from February to November 2019 to assess butterfly species diversity and to identify the factors influencing their foraging choices at nectar plants. We assessed the number of butterfly species, their abundance, and their floral foraging behavior, from 28 linear transects (500 m long each) placed in a stratified and random manner throughout the study area. Five factors, i.e., category of plant, flower colour, corolla shape, corolla depth, and the proboscis length of butterfly species were taken into account to assess the nectar plant choices of butterfly families. Moreover, species diversity at the family level, and overall, were determined through several indices. When examining overall butterfly diversity and abundance, we recorded a total of 1,535 butterflies belonging to 138 species within six families. For our examination of butterfly-nectar plant observations, we recorded a total of 298 individuals belonging to 31 species of butterfly visiting a total of 28 nectar plant species. Among the recorded butterflies, <i>Zemeros flegyas</i> was found to be the most abundant (92 individuals), while only a single individual each of the species <i>Troides helena</i>, <i>Gandaca herina</i> and <i>Belonois aurota</i> were recorded. Of the 28 nectar host plant species, <i>Biden pilosa</i> was the most popular and was visited by 13 species of butterflies. Overall, total butterfly visitation was found to be significantly influenced by plant category (herbaceous preferred over woody), floral colour (yellow, white, and purple preferred over pink), and corolla shape (tubular preferred over non-tubular). Moreover, there was a significant positive correlation (r = 0.466) between the proboscis length of butterflies and the corolla tube length of flowers (p<0.001). </span></p>
Figs 4–7 in A new species of Hydrobiomorpha from iSimangaliso Wetland Park, South Africa (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae)
Figs 4–7. Meso and metaventrites of Hydrobiomorpha perissinottoi sp. nov. 4, 6 – male paratype; 5, 7 – female paratype. 4–5 – ventral; 6–7 – lateral.
Salinity, not genetic incompatibilities, limits the establishment of the invasive hybrid cattail Typha × glauca in coastal wetlands
<p>A single pair of co-existing species that can successfully hybridize may produce many more hybrids in some regions than in others. The reasons for this are not well understood, but could help explain processes such as species diversification or the range expansion of invasive hybrids. The widespread cattails <i>Typha latifolia </i>and <i>T. angustifolia </i>seldom hybridize in some parts of their range, but in other areas produce the dominant hybrid <i>T. </i>× <i>glauca. </i>We used a combination of field and greenhouse experiments to investigate why <i>T. </i>× <i>glauca </i>has invaded wetlands in the Laurentian Great Lakes region of southern Ontario, Canada, but is much less common in the coastal wetlands of NS in eastern Canada. One potentially important environmental difference between these two regions is salinity. We therefore tested three hypotheses: 1) <i>T. latifolia </i>and <i>T. angustifolia </i>in NS are genetically incompatible; 2) the germination or growth of <i>T. </i>× <i>glauca </i>is reduced by salinity;<i> </i>and 3) <i>T. latifolia, </i>a main competitor of <i>T. </i>× <i>glauca</i>, is locally adapted to saline conditions in NS. Our experiments showed that NS <i>T. latifolia </i>and <i>T. angustifolia </i>are genetically compatible, and that saline conditions do not impede growth of hybrid plants. However, we also found that under conditions of high salinity, germination rates of hybrid seeds were substantially lower than those of NS <i>T. latifolia. </i> In addition, germination rates of NS<i> T. latifolia </i>were higher than those of Ontario <i>T. latifolia, </i>suggesting local adaptation to salinity in coastal wetlands. This study adds to the growing body of literature which identifies the important roles that local habitat and adaptation can play in the distributions and characteristics of hybrid zones. </p>
Fig. 2 in Spatial pattern of a fish assemblage in a seasonal tropical wetland: effects of habitat, herbaceous plant biomass, water depth, and distance from species sources
Fig. 2. Distribution of the relative abundance of the 49 species of fish captured in the 22 plots in Site of Long-Term Sampling (SLTS), related to the depth at each of the collection plots.
Fig. 1 in Checklist comparison and dominance patterns of the fish fauna at Taim Wetland, South Brazil
Fig. 1. Patos-Mirim lagoon complex in southern Brazil (left) and Taim Ecological Reserve area (right) with location of sample stations across studied lakes: Flores (Flo), Nicola (Nic), Jacaré (Jac) and Mangueira Norte (Man).
Figure 7 from: Todaro M, Perissinotto R, Bownes S (2013) Neogosseidae (Gastrotricha, Chaetonotida) from the iSimangaliso Wetland Park, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. ZooKeys 315: 77-94. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.315.5593
Figure 7 - Neogossea acanthocolla. DIC photomicrographs. A habitus B anterior region showing the group of thick spines on the neck (arrow) C close-up of the posterior region of the trunk showing a tuft of long, barbed spines (arrow).
Figure 4 from: Todaro M, Perissinotto R, Bownes S (2013) Neogosseidae (Gastrotricha, Chaetonotida) from the iSimangaliso Wetland Park, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. ZooKeys 315: 77-94. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.315.5593
Figure 4 - Kijanebalola devestiva sp. n. DIC photomicrographs. A habitus of a subadult specimen showing developing egg (arrow) B close-up dorsal view of the posterior trunk region showing the two sensory bristles (arrow-heads) C close-up dorsal view of the anterior trunk and neck regions, showing two pairs of sensory bristles.
Figure 5 from: Todaro M, Perissinotto R, Bownes S (2013) Neogosseidae (Gastrotricha, Chaetonotida) from the iSimangaliso Wetland Park, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. ZooKeys 315: 77-94. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.315.5593
Figure 5 - Kijanebalola devestiva sp. n. SEM photomicrographs. A habitus in a ventro-lateral view; note the arrangement of the first, second and third ciliary bands on the trunk region (number and arrows) B anterior region of a different specimen in a frontal view C close-up view of the mouth ring and cephalion (arrows).
Figure 6 from: Todaro M, Perissinotto R, Bownes S (2013) Neogosseidae (Gastrotricha, Chaetonotida) from the iSimangaliso Wetland Park, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. ZooKeys 315: 77-94. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.315.5593
Figure 6 - Kijanebalola devestiva sp. n. SEM photomicrographs. A anterior region of specimen with head partially retracted inside the body (ventral view) B posterior trunk region of different specimen, showing the fourth ciliary band and the anus (arrow) C close-up view of the posterior end showing the anus (arrow) and the residual patch of spined scales (arrows) D close-up view of the posterior end (dorsal view), showing theterminal spines and the sensorial bristles (arrows).
Figure 3 from: Todaro M, Perissinotto R, Bownes S (2013) Neogosseidae (Gastrotricha, Chaetonotida) from the iSimangaliso Wetland Park, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. ZooKeys 315: 77-94. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.315.5593
Figure 3 - Kijanebalola devestiva sp. n. DIC photomicrographs. A habitus of a gravid specimen B close-up view of the inside egg with the shell bearing spine-like ornamentation (arrowheads).
Figure 2 from: Todaro M, Perissinotto R, Bownes S (2013) Neogosseidae (Gastrotricha, Chaetonotida) from the iSimangaliso Wetland Park, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. ZooKeys 315: 77-94. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.315.5593
Figure 2 - Kijanebalola devestiva sp. n. DIC photomicrographs. A habitus B, C close-up ventral view of theanterior region showing the ciliary bands D close-up ventral view of the mid-trunk region showing the second ciliary bands E close-up ventral view, of the posterior region, showing the fourth ciliary bands (arrowheads) and the residual patch of spined scales (arrow).
Figure 1 from: Todaro M, Perissinotto R, Bownes S (2013) Neogosseidae (Gastrotricha, Chaetonotida) from the iSimangaliso Wetland Park, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. ZooKeys 315: 77-94. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.315.5593
Figure 1 - Kijanebalola devestiva sp. n. schematic drawings. A Dorsal habitus B Ventral habitus, showing some internal structures. a anus alt antero-lateral tuft of cephalic cilia asb anterior sensory bristle ce cephalion ct cephalic tentacle dlvb lateral band of cephalic cilia extending dorsally and ventrally e egg I-IV, first to fourth band of trunk ciliature mvb median ventral band of cephalic cilia pcl proximal canal cell lumen PhIJ pharyngeo-intestinal junction ps patch of keeled scales psb posterior sensory bristle tsp terminal spines vlt ventro-lateral band of cephalic cilia.
Figure 1 from: Perissinotto R, Miranda N, Raw J, Peer N (2014) Biodiversity census of Lake St Lucia, iSimangaliso Wetland Park (South Africa): Gastropod molluscs. ZooKeys 440: 1-43. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.440.7803
Figure 1 - Map of the St Lucia estuarine lake, with position of main collection sites used in the study. Adapted from Peer et al. (2014).
Figure 3 from: Perissinotto R, Miranda N, Raw J, Peer N (2014) Biodiversity census of Lake St Lucia, iSimangaliso Wetland Park (South Africa): Gastropod molluscs. ZooKeys 440: 1-43. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.440.7803
Figure 3 - Assimineidae sp. (A) and Assiminea cf. capensis (B): thick layer of snails washed up on the shoreline of Lister's Point at False Bay in July 2012 (Photo: Nelson AF Miranda).
Figure 4 from: Perissinotto R, Miranda N, Raw J, Peer N (2014) Biodiversity census of Lake St Lucia, iSimangaliso Wetland Park (South Africa): Gastropod molluscs. ZooKeys 440: 1-43. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.440.7803
Figure 4 - Haminoea natalensis: Aggregation of egg masses spawned during September 2006 in the shallows of Catalina Bay, on the Eastern Shores of South Lake (Photo: Lynette Clennell).
Figure 2 from: Perissinotto R, Miranda N, Raw J, Peer N (2014) Biodiversity census of Lake St Lucia, iSimangaliso Wetland Park (South Africa): Gastropod molluscs. ZooKeys 440: 1-43. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.440.7803
Figure 2 - Records of gastropod species collected at Lake St Lucia in relation to changes in salinity, water levels and mouth state during the period 1960-present. Dark gray bar indicates closed mouth, light gray bar indicates intermittent connection with the ocean. No continuous physico-chemical measurements are available for the period prior to 1960. Species codes: Aaf: Afrolittorina africana; Api: Alaba pinnae; Ama: Aplexa marmorata; Aca: Assiminea cf. capensis; Afc: Assimineidae sp. ("Assiminea" aff. capensis); Bfo: Bulinus forskalii; Bna: Bulinus natalensis; Btr: Bulinus tropicus; Ble: Bursatella leachii; Cla: Cassidula labrella; Cde: Cerithidea decollata; Cdi: Cerithium dialeucum; Ehe: Ergalatax heptagonalis; Hna: Haminoea natalensis; Jsu: Jujubinus suarezensis; Lgl: Littoraria coccinea glabrata; Lin: Littoraria intermedia; Lpa: Littoraria pallescens; Lsc: Littoraria scabra; Lsu: Littoraria subvittata; Lna: Lymnaea natalensis; Mli: Melampus lividus; Mpa: Melampus parvulus; Mse: Melampus semiaratus; Mtu: Melanoides tuberculata; Mbr: Murex brevispinus; Nkr: Nassarius kraussianus; Nga: Neritina gagates; Nna: Neritina natalensis; Opa: Oxyloma patentissima; Par: Phalium areola; Pco: Pseudosuccinea columella; Phi: Pterotrachea cf. hippocampus; Pbu: Purpura bufo; Soc: Siphonaria oculus; Sst: Stylocheilus striatus; Tgr: Tarebia granifera.
Figure 7 from: Peer N, Perissinotto R, Gouws G, Miranda NAF (2015) Description of a new species of Potamonautes MacLeay, 1838, from the iSimangaliso Wetland Park, South Africa. ZooKeys 503: 23-43. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.503.9532
Figure 7 - A Burrows of Potamonautes isimangaliso sp. n. are typically found on the banks of ephemeral pans and are even maintained when pans are completely dry B Potamonautes isimangaliso sp. n. in its natural habitat. Photos: Lynette Clennell.
Figure 6 from: Peer N, Perissinotto R, Gouws G, Miranda NAF (2015) Description of a new species of Potamonautes MacLeay, 1838, from the iSimangaliso Wetland Park, South Africa. ZooKeys 503: 23-43. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.503.9532
Figure 6 - Sampling localities of Potamonautes isimangaliso sp. n.: a Main Road Pan (FB1) b Mpophomeni Pan (FB3) c Dukandlovu Pan (FB5) and d Sandy Point Pan (FB6), completely dry during Feb 2015. Photos: a–c Lynette Clennell; d Nasreen Peer.
Figure 5 from: Peer N, Perissinotto R, Gouws G, Miranda NAF (2015) Description of a new species of Potamonautes MacLeay, 1838, from the iSimangaliso Wetland Park, South Africa. ZooKeys 503: 23-43. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.503.9532
Figure 5 - Potamonautes isimangaliso sp. n. male holotype CWW 55.1 mm (ISAM A78908). a major cheliped b minor cheliped c right mandibular palp posterior view d right mandibular palp anterior view e 3rd maxilliped f left gonopod 1 anterior view with enlarged terminal segment g left gonopod 1 posterior view with enlarged terminal segment h left gonopod 2 anterior view and i left gonopod 2 posterior view. Scale bars: 10 mm (a, b), 1 mm (c, d), 10 mm (e), 5 mm (f, g), 1 mm (h, i). Photos: Nasreen Peer.
Figure 2 from: Peer N, Perissinotto R, Gouws G, Miranda NAF (2015) Description of a new species of Potamonautes MacLeay, 1838, from the iSimangaliso Wetland Park, South Africa. ZooKeys 503: 23-43. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.503.9532
Figure 2 - Histogram of canonical scores for Potamonautes isimangaliso and Potamonautes lividus calculated from a discriminant function analysis.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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