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FIGURE 11 in Virtual palaeontology: the effects of mineral composition and texture of fossil shell and hosting rock on the quality of X-ray microtomography (XMT) outcomes using Palaeozoic brachiopods
FIGURE 11. XMT result of Meekella sangzhiensis (Q-1). 1-7, serial slices in the coronal plane (from posterior to anterior). 8-15, serial slices in the transverse plane (from ventral to dorsal). 16-21, serial slices in the sagittal plane (from lateral to middle). 22-24, lateral (22), ventral (23) and dorsal (24) views of the reconstructed 3-D model (external shell). 25, ventral view of the 3-D model in transparent mode. All the slice images were obtained under false-color lookup tables (Color 1 option in DataViewer). Abbreviation: dp, dental plate.
FIGURE 9 in Virtual palaeontology: the effects of mineral composition and texture of fossil shell and hosting rock on the quality of X-ray microtomography (XMT) outcomes using Palaeozoic brachiopods
FIGURE 9. XMT result of Cyrtospirifer whitneyi (CD). 1-10, serial slices in the coronal plane (from posterior to anterior). 11-18, serial slices in the transverse plane (from ventral to dorsal). 19-24, serial slices in the sagittal plane (from lateral to middle). 25-28, lateral (25), ventral (26), dorsal (27) and posterior (28) views of the reconstructed 3-D model (external shell). 29, ventral view of the 3-D model in transparent mode. All the slice images were obtained under falsecolor lookup tables (Color 1 option in DataViewer). Abbreviations: dp, dental plates; tt, teeth.
FIGURE 10 in Virtual palaeontology: the effects of mineral composition and texture of fossil shell and hosting rock on the quality of X-ray microtomography (XMT) outcomes using Palaeozoic brachiopods
FIGURE 10. XMT result of Spiriferidae gen. sp. indet. (S1). 1-8, serial slices in the coronal plane (from posterior to anterior). 9-15, serial slices in the transverse plane (from ventral to dorsal). 16-21, serial slices in the sagittal plane (from lateral to middle). 22-24, lateral (22), ventral (23) and posterior (24) views of the reconstructed 3-D model (external shell). 25, ventral view of the 3-D model in transparent mode. All the slice images were obtained under false-color lookup tables (Color 1 option in DataViewer). Abbreviation: dp, dental plates.
FIGURE 8 in Virtual palaeontology: the effects of mineral composition and texture of fossil shell and hosting rock on the quality of X-ray microtomography (XMT) outcomes using Palaeozoic brachiopods
FIGURE 8. XMT result of Indospirifer sp. (3229). 1-8, serial slices in the coronal plane (from posterior to anterior). 9-15, serial slices in the transverse plane (from ventral to dorsal). 16-20, serial slices in the sagittal plane (from lateral to middle). 21-22, lateral (21) and ventral (22) views of the reconstructed 3-D model (external shell). 23-24, ventral (23) and ventroanterior (24) views of the 3-D model in transparent mode. All the slice images were obtained under false-color lookup tables (Color 1 option in DataViewer). Abbreviations: dp, dental plates; cp, cardinal process; hp, hinge plate; sp, spiralia.
FIGURE 5 in Virtual palaeontology: the effects of mineral composition and texture of fossil shell and hosting rock on the quality of X-ray microtomography (XMT) outcomes using Palaeozoic brachiopods
FIGURE 5. XMT result of Cleiothyridina baracoodensis (ML32). 1-11, serial slices in the coronal plane (from posterior to anterior). 12-21, serial slices in the transverse plane (from ventral to dorsal). 22-27, serial slices in the sagittal plane (from lateral to middle). 28-31, lateral (28), ventral (29), dorsal (30) and posterior (31) views of the reconstructed 3-D model (external shell). 32, ventral view of the 3-D model in transparent mode. All the slice images were obtained under false-color lookup tables (Color 2 option in DataViewer). Abbreviations: tt, teeth; sk, socket; cf, cardinal flanges.
FIGURE 4 in Virtual palaeontology: the effects of mineral composition and texture of fossil shell and hosting rock on the quality of X-ray microtomography (XMT) outcomes using Palaeozoic brachiopods
FIGURE 4. XMT result of Stenoscisma timorense (BS-2). 1-10, serial slices in the coronal plane (from posterior to anterior). 11-17, serial slices in the transverse plane (from ventral to dorsal). 18-22, serial slices in the sagittal plane (from lateral to middle). 23-25, lateral (23), ventral (24) and dorsal (25) views of the reconstructed 3-D model (external shell). 26, posterior view of the coronally sectioned 3-D model. 27, ventral view of the 3-D model in transparent mode. All the slice images were obtained under false-color lookup tables (Color 1 option in DataViewer). Abbreviations: sd, spondylium; tt, teeth.
FIGURE 7 in Virtual palaeontology: the effects of mineral composition and texture of fossil shell and hosting rock on the quality of X-ray microtomography (XMT) outcomes using Palaeozoic brachiopods
FIGURE 7. XMT result of Spiriferina sp. (BS-1). 1-7, serial slices in the coronal plane (from posterior to anterior). 8-14, serial slices in the transverse plane (from ventral to dorsal). 15-19, serial slices in the sagittal plane (from lateral to middle). 20-22, lateral (20), ventral (21) and dorsal (22) views of the reconstructed 3-D model (external shell). 23, ventral view of the 3-D model in transparent mode. All the slice images were obtained under false-color lookup tables (Color 1 option in DataViewer). Abbreviations: dp, dental plates; ms, median septum; sp, spiralia; tt, teeth; cr, crus; sk, socket.
FIGURE 6 in Virtual palaeontology: the effects of mineral composition and texture of fossil shell and hosting rock on the quality of X-ray microtomography (XMT) outcomes using Palaeozoic brachiopods
FIGURE 6. XMT result of Tylothyris transversa (TeP). 1-7, serial slices in the coronal plane (from posterior to anterior). 8-14, serial slices in the transverse plane (from ventral to dorsal). 15-19, serial slices in the sagittal plane (from lateral to middle). 20-22, lateral (20), ventral (21) and dorsal (22) views of the reconstructed 3-D model (external shell). 23, ventral view of the 3-D model in transparent mode. All the slice images were obtained under false-color lookup tables (Color 1 option in DataViewer). Abbreviation: sp, spiralia.
FIGURE 2 in Virtual palaeontology: the effects of mineral composition and texture of fossil shell and hosting rock on the quality of X-ray microtomography (XMT) outcomes using Palaeozoic brachiopods
FIGURE 2. Thin section and cathodoluminescence (CL) photomicrographs: Indospirifer sp. (3229) (1-4), Cyrtospirifer whitneyi (CD) (5-8), Spiriferidae gen. sp. indet. (S1) (9-12), Spiriferella loveni (F8) (13-16), Meekella sangzhiensis (Q- 1) (17-18) and Tyloplecta nanjingensis (Q-2) (19-20). 1, plane-polarized light (PPL) image of infilling micrite and shell fragments scattered. 2-3, transmitted light (TL) (2) and corresponding CL (3) images of luminescent shell. 4, CL image showing slightly luminescent shell. 5-8, TL (5, 7) and CL (6, 8) images of both luminescent shell and infilling sediment. 9-10, PPL images of brachiopod shell, infilling packstone and thin silicified layer along their boundary. 11- 12, TL (11) and CL (12) images of nonluminescent shell. 13-16, TL (13, 15) and CL (14, 16) images showing a variety of shell luminescence and infilling sediment composed of calcitic skeletal grains (bryozoan in 15 and 16). 17-20, PPL (17, 19, 20) and TL (18) images of both silicified shells and infillings. Abbreviations: bs, brachiopod shell; im, infilling material; fs, fragmented shell; os, other shell material; sl, silicified layer; NL, nonluminescent; SL, slightly luminescent; L, luminescent.
FIGURE 3 in Virtual palaeontology: the effects of mineral composition and texture of fossil shell and hosting rock on the quality of X-ray microtomography (XMT) outcomes using Palaeozoic brachiopods
FIGURE 3. XMT result of Timaniella harkeri (GSC26406). 1-10, serial slices in the coronal plane (from posterior to anterior). 11-17, serial slices in the transverse plane (from ventral to dorsal). 18-22, serial slices in the sagittal plane (from lateral to middle). 23-25, lateral (23), ventral (24) and dorsal (25) views of the reconstructed 3-D model (external shell). 26, ventral view of the 3-D model in transparent mode. All the slice images were obtained under false-color lookup tables (Color 2 option in DataViewer). Abbreviations: tt, teeth; sp, spiralia; sk, socket.
FIGURE 1 in Virtual palaeontology: the effects of mineral composition and texture of fossil shell and hosting rock on the quality of X-ray microtomography (XMT) outcomes using Palaeozoic brachiopods
FIGURE 1. Thin section and cathodoluminescence (CL) photomicrographs: Timaniella harkeri (GSC26406) (1-4), Spiriferina sp. (BS-1) (5-8), Stenoscisma timorense (BS-2) (9-12), Cleiothyridina baracoodensis (ML32) (13-16) and Tylothyris transversa (TeP) (17-20). 1-2, transmitted light (TL) (1) and corresponding CL images (2) of nonluminescent shell and infilling sediment composed of fine sand grains. 3-4, TL (3) and CL (4) images of nonluminescent associated with partially luminescent shell in the cardinal area of dorsal valve. 5-8, TL (5, 7) and CL (6, 8) images of nonluminescent associated with partially luminescent shell and luminescent infilling cement. 9-12, TL (9, 11) and CL (10, 12) images of luminescent shell with thin silicified layers and recrystallization along inner wall of brachiopod shell. 13, plane-polarized light (PPL) image of the original infilling sediment composed of calcareous sands. 14, PPL image showing the section of infilling cement. 15-16, TL (15) and CL (16) images of slightly luminescent shell. 17, PPL image of infilling comprising lime mud, calcite cement and relatively large, radially arranged, siliceous crystals. 18-19, TL (18) and CL (19) images of nonluminescent associated with partially luminescent shell. 20, CL image showing the section of nonluminescent internal shell structure (spiralia) preserved within infilling (This structure is hardly recognized in the TL image). Abbreviations: bs, brachiopod shell; im, infilling material; sl, silicified layer; cc, calcite crystal; NL, nonluminescent; SL, slightly luminescent; L, luminescent.
FIGURE 2 in First early Eocene lizards from Spain and a study of the compositional changes between late Mesozoic and early Cenozoic Iberian lizard assemblages
FIGURE 2. Paleogeographic map of Western Europe during the early Eocene (modified from Marandat et al., 2012) and situation of the Catalan localities yielding material described in the text and other contemporaneous European fossil sites. Note that the localities of the Southern Pyrenean Basin (Escarlà, La Roca, Masia de l'Hereuet, Barranc del Fusteró and Font del Torricó) are geographically very close, although situated in different sub-basins (see text).
FIGURE 1. Selected lizard and amphisbaenian material from studied localities. 1-2 in First early Eocene lizards from Spain and a study of the compositional changes between late Mesozoic and early Cenozoic Iberian lizard assemblages
FIGURE 1. Selected lizard and amphisbaenian material from studied localities. 1-2, Geiseltaliellus sp.: 1, left dentary (IPS 49740); 2, maxilla (IPS 83552); 3-4, Iguanidae indet.: 3, fragment of dentary (IPS 83535) with one preserved tooth, 4, fragment of?maxilla with four preserved teeth (IPS 49756); 5-6, Agamidae indet.: 5, Fragment of toothbearing bone preserving one tooth (IPS 83546), 6, fragment of dentary preserving two teeth (IPS 83543). 7-8, Gekkota indet.: 7, posterior portion of left dentary (IPS 59559), 8, anterior portion of left dentary (IPS 83520); 9, Scincoidea (?Scincidae) indet., fragment of right dentary (IPS 49752); 10,?Lacertidae indet., fragment of tooth-bearing bone perserving two teeth (IPS 49762); 11, Amphisbaenia indet., vertebra (IPS 59529); 12, cf. Placosaurus sp., partial parietal with fused osteoderms (IPS 59567); 13, Glyptosaurini indet., skull osteoderm (IPS 83532); 14, Glyptosaurinae indet., body osteoderm (IPS 83533); 15-18, Anguinae indet.: 15, keeled body osteoderm (IPS 83540), 16, unkeeled body osteoderm (IPS 83533), 17, partial parietal (IPS 83557), 18, vertebra (IPS 59538); 19-20, "Necrosauridae" indet.: 19, partial left dentary (IPS 83545), 20, osteoderm (IPS 49741). 1, 2, 5, 6, 11, 15 and 17-20 from Masia de l'Hereuet (MP8+9); 3, 4, 7, 8, 10 and 14 from La Morera (MP10); 12 from Escarlà (MP10); 13 and 16 from Font del Torricó. 1-10 and 19 in labial view; 11-12, 17 in dorsal view; 13-16 and 20 in external view; 18 in ventral view.
FIGURE 3 in First early Eocene lizards from Spain and a study of the compositional changes between late Mesozoic and early Cenozoic Iberian lizard assemblages
FIGURE 3. Distribution of lizard and amphisbaenian taxa from the latest Cretaceous to the late Eocene in the Iberian Peninsula. Records from Font del Torricó are omitted because its exact age inside the early Eocene is unknown. Black squares indicate unambiguous records, whereas grey squares indicate uncertainty. LaMa: Late Maastrichtian; eLaMa: earliest Late Maastrichtian; E/LaMa: Early or Late Maastrichtian; Late Campanian.
FIGURE 8 in Graphic correlation of the upper Eifelian to lower Frasnian (Middle-Upper Devonian) conodont sequences in the Spanish Central Pyrenees and comparison with composite standards from other areas
FIGURE 8. Graphic correlation of the three Compte subfacies area sections. The columns show the observed first occurrences of important taxa in the studied sections, indicated by their projected position on the Pyrenean CS. The numbers represent the taxa listed in the range chart (Figures 5 and 6) and in the Appendix. (CSU: Composite Standard Unit).
FIGURE 10 in Graphic correlation of the upper Eifelian to lower Frasnian (Middle-Upper Devonian) conodont sequences in the Spanish Central Pyrenees and comparison with composite standards from other areas
FIGURE 10. Graphic correlation of four composite standard (CS) databases, three from NW-Gondwana (Anti-Atlas, Pyrenees and Montagne Noire) and one from S-Laurussia (Ardenne) (Golonka, 2000). The standard reference section for the Middle Devonian CS and the Anti-Atlas CS is the Jebel Ou Driss section in the Eastern Anti-Atlas (Morocco) (Belka et al., 1997). The standard reference sections for the Ardenne and Montagne Noire CSs are the Couvin-Givet section and the Pic de Vissou section, respectively. The columns show the observed first occurrences of important taxa in the regional CS's, indicated by their projected position on the Middle Devonian CS. The numbers represent the taxa listed in the range chart (Figures 5–6) and in the Appendix.
FIGURE 9 in Graphic correlation of the upper Eifelian to lower Frasnian (Middle-Upper Devonian) conodont sequences in the Spanish Central Pyrenees and comparison with composite standards from other areas
FIGURE 9. Correlation between the Pyrenean composite standard and the Middle Devonian composite standard. The numbers represent the taxa listed in the range chart (Figures 5 and 6) and Appendix. See also legend in Figure 4.
FIGURE 1. 1 in Graphic correlation of the upper Eifelian to lower Frasnian (Middle-Upper Devonian) conodont sequences in the Spanish Central Pyrenees and comparison with composite standards from other areas
FIGURE 1. 1. Middle Devonian paleogeographic situation with indication of the study area (courtesy of R. Blakey, NAU Geology), 2. Map of Paleozoic rocks on the Iberian Peninsula and position of figure 1.3, 3. Location of the studied Devonian outcrops.
FIGURE 4 in Graphic correlation of the upper Eifelian to lower Frasnian (Middle-Upper Devonian) conodont sequences in the Spanish Central Pyrenees and comparison with composite standards from other areas
FIGURE 4. Graphic correlation between the La Guàrdia d'Ares section and the composite standard (third round). The numbers represent the taxa listed in the range chart (Figures 5 and 6), error boxes indicate the sampling intervals.
FIGURE 6 in Graphic correlation of the upper Eifelian to lower Frasnian (Middle-Upper Devonian) conodont sequences in the Spanish Central Pyrenees and comparison with composite standards from other areas
FIGURE 6. Conodont range chart based on the Spanish Central Pyrenean sections (continued). Precise CSU values are given in the Appendix.
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