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22,455 results for “Diversion”
FIG. 10. — Cambeva urubici n in Field inventory reveals high diversity of new species of mountain catfishes, genus Cambeva Katz, Barbosa, Mattos & Costa, 2018 (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae), in south-eastern Serra Geral, southern Brazil
FIG. 10. — Cambeva urubici n. sp., UFRJ 6967, holotype, 65.6 mm SL: A, left lateral view; B, dorsal view; C, ventral view.
FIG. 9. — Cambeva notabilis n in Field inventory reveals high diversity of new species of mountain catfishes, genus Cambeva Katz, Barbosa, Mattos & Costa, 2018 (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae), in south-eastern Serra Geral, southern Brazil
FIG. 9. — Cambeva notabilis n. sp., UFRJ 6965, holotype, 71.7 mm SL: A, left lateral view; B, dorsal view; C, ventral view.
FIG. 8. — Cambeva longipalata n in Field inventory reveals high diversity of new species of mountain catfishes, genus Cambeva Katz, Barbosa, Mattos & Costa, 2018 (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae), in south-eastern Serra Geral, southern Brazil
FIG. 8. — Cambeva longipalata n. sp., UFRJ 6944, holotype, 86.0 mm SL: A, left lateral view; B, dorsal view; C, ventral view.
FIG. 7. — Cambeva duplimaculata n in Field inventory reveals high diversity of new species of mountain catfishes, genus Cambeva Katz, Barbosa, Mattos & Costa, 2018 (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae), in south-eastern Serra Geral, southern Brazil
FIG. 7. — Cambeva duplimaculata n. sp., UFRJ 6949, holotype, 83.4 mm SL: A, left lateral view; B, dorsal view; C, ventral view.
FIG. 6. — Cambeva grisea n in Field inventory reveals high diversity of new species of mountain catfishes, genus Cambeva Katz, Barbosa, Mattos & Costa, 2018 (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae), in south-eastern Serra Geral, southern Brazil
FIG. 6. — Cambeva grisea n. sp., UFRJ 6936, holotype, 43.1 mm SL: A, left lateral view; B, dorsal view; C, ventral view.
FIG. 5. — Cambeva panthera n in Field inventory reveals high diversity of new species of mountain catfishes, genus Cambeva Katz, Barbosa, Mattos & Costa, 2018 (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae), in south-eastern Serra Geral, southern Brazil
FIG. 5. — Cambeva panthera n. sp., UFRJ 6984, holotype, 66.5 mm SL: A, left lateral view; B, dorsal view; C, ventral view.
FIG. 2. — Cambeva pericoh n in Field inventory reveals high diversity of new species of mountain catfishes, genus Cambeva Katz, Barbosa, Mattos & Costa, 2018 (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae), in south-eastern Serra Geral, southern Brazil
FIG. 2. — Cambeva pericoh n. sp., UFRJ 6969, holotype, 97.3 mm SL: A, left lateral view; B, dorsal view; C, ventral view.
FIG. 1. — Cambeva diffusa n in Field inventory reveals high diversity of new species of mountain catfishes, genus Cambeva Katz, Barbosa, Mattos & Costa, 2018 (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae), in south-eastern Serra Geral, southern Brazil
FIG. 1. — Cambeva diffusa n. sp., UFRJ 6968, holotype, 112.3 mm SL.: A, left lateral view; B, dorsal view; C, ventral view.
FIG. 14 in Field inventory reveals high diversity of new species of mountain catfishes, genus Cambeva Katz, Barbosa, Mattos & Costa, 2018 (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae), in south-eastern Serra Geral, southern Brazil
FIG. 14. — Map of geographical distribution of Cambeva Katz, Barbosa, Mattos & Costa, 2018 in the southeastern nucleus of the Serra Geral (SESG), southern Brazil.
Convergence of undulatory swimming kinematics across a diversity of fishes
<p>Fishes exhibit an astounding diversity of locomotor behaviors, from classic swimming with their body and fins to jumping, flying, walking, and burrowing. Fishes that use their body and caudal fin (BCF) during undulatory swimming have been traditionally divided into modes based on the length of the propulsive body wave and the ratio of head:tail oscillation amplitude: anguilliform, sub-carangiform, carangiform and thunniform. This classification was first proposed based on key morphological traits, such as body stiffness and elongation, to group fishes based on their expected swimming mechanics. Here, we present a comparative study of 44 diverse species quantifying kinematics and morphology of BCF-swimming fishes. Our results reveal that most species we studied share similar oscillation amplitude during steady locomotion that can be modeled using a second-degree order polynomial. The length of the propulsive body wave was shorter for species classified as anguilliform and longer for those classified as thunniform, although substantial variability existed both within and among species. Moreover, there was no decrease in head:tail amplitude from anguilliform to thunniform mode of locomotion as we expected from the traditional classification. While the expected swimming modes correlated with morphological traits, they did not accurately represent the kinematics of BCF locomotion. These results indicate that even fish species differing as substantially in morphology as tuna and eel exhibit statistically similar two-dimensional midline kinematics and point toward unifying locomotor hydrodynamic mechanisms that can serve as the basis for understanding aquatic locomotion and controlling biomimetic aquatic robots.</p>
Prey diversity constrains the adaptive potential of predator foraging traits
<p>Predators are generally under selective pressure to get better at foraging, leading to steeper functional responses and stronger predator-prey interactions. Yet strong interactions can de-stabilize food webs, and most interactions across ecological communities are thought to be weak. This conflict between evolutionary and community expectations for the strength of predator-prey interactions represents a fundamental gap in our understanding of how the evolution of foraging plays out in food webs. Here we help to resolve the conflict by showing analytically that the expectation for the evolution of steeper functional responses is relaxed in communities with diverse prey types. We simulate communities with varying prey richness and show that increasing prey richness can indeed constrain the adaptive potential of predator foraging traits, but that at low prey richness predators can evolve to have a stronger interaction with prey that have high net energy yields. Our results also indicate that handling time plays a role in determining whether predators may evolve to have a stronger interaction with abundant prey, suggesting that the evolution of keystone predator modules in food webs is most likely when handling times are negligible. Our results also provide a new mechanism predicting more diffuse interactions in diverse tropical communities relative to more species-poor communities at higher latitudes.</p>
Data from: Environmental variation associated with topography explains butterfly diversity along a tropical elevation gradient
<p>Few studies have evaluated the role of topography on the diversity patterns of biological communities along elevation gradients. We evaluated the influence of microclimate and vegetation structure associated with topographic variation on the richness and composition of species of different families of butterflies on a mountain located in a dry enclave (Chicamocha River Canyon) in the northern Andes, Colombia. We captured butterflies over four months at 18 elevations (300 to 1500 m a.s.l.) in two topographic positions (riverbed and hillslope) using an entomological net and traps baited with fermented fruit. In general, butterfly richness increased with elevation in both topographic positions. However, the richness-elevation relationship changed with butterfly family. The riverbed and hillslope sites host different assemblages of butterflies, and this pattern that was consistent for most families. In the riverbed, two sets of species are recognized along the elevation gradient (one below 700 m a.s.l. and the other above 1000 m a.s.l.), mainly owing to species replacement. On the hillslopes there was no clear pattern of grouping associated with elevation. Microclimate differences between the riverbed and hillslope sites along the elevation gradient were related to the vegetation structure and explained the variation in butterfly species composition. Our results highlight the role of topography not only by explaining the response of species richness and composition to environmental variation determined by elevation, but also as a factor that must be considered in the planning and management of biodiversity conservation in the mountains.</p>
Fig. 8. – A in The extraordinary botanical diversity of inselbergs in Madagascar
Fig. 8. – A. Aloe haworthioides Baker (Asphodelaceae); B. Pachypodium horombense Poiss. (Apocynaceae); C. Quarry on an inselberg near Zazafotsy; D. Leaves of Coleochloa setifera (Ridl.) Gilly (Cyperaceae) sold at local market in Ambalavao. [A: Razafindraibe et al. 293; B: Ramandimbisoa et al. 104] [Photos: A: C. Lebo; B–C: F. Rajaonary; D: S. Porembski]
Fig. 5. – A in The extraordinary botanical diversity of inselbergs in Madagascar
Fig. 5. – A. Actiniopteris dimorpha Pic. Serm. (Pteridaceae) a desiccation-tolerant species of fern at Vohidava, Ihosy; B. Xerophyta sp. (Velloziaceae) near Anjoman'Akona, south of Ambositra; C. Drosera madagascariensis DC. (Droseraceae); D. Utricularia sp. (Lentibulariaceae). [A: Razafindraibe et al. 300; B: Rakotoarivelo et al. 287; C: Rabarimanarivo et al. 745; D: Rabarimanarivo et al. 705] [Photos: A: A. Ramahefaharivelo; B: N. Rakotoarivelo; C– D: S. Giebelmann]
Fig. 4 in The extraordinary botanical diversity of inselbergs in Madagascar
Fig. 4. – Euphorbia horombensis Ursch & Leandri (Euphorbiaceae) a succulent on open rocks at Vohitsanavo inselberg, Anja Park (Fig. 3: nº 23). [Razafindraibe et al. 278] [Photo: S. Porembski]
Fig. 2 in The extraordinary botanical diversity of inselbergs in Madagascar
Fig. 2. – Inselberg in the capital Antananarivo with the "Palais de la Reine". [Photo: S. Porembski]
Fig. 3 in The transfer of Eulophia beravensis Rchb. f. to Oeceoclades Lindl., a genus with its centre of diversity in Madagascar (Eulophiinae, Orchidaceae)
Fig. 3. – Oeceoclades beravensis (Rchb. f.) R. Bone & Buerki (near Ihosy airport, Fianarantsoa Prov. in 1996). [Photo: J. Hermans]
Fig. 2 in The transfer of Eulophia beravensis Rchb. f. to Oeceoclades Lindl., a genus with its centre of diversity in Madagascar (Eulophiinae, Orchidaceae)
Fig. 2. – Distribution map of Oeceoclades beravensis (Rchb. f.) R. Bone & Buerki (stars), based on herbarium specimens mapped on the bioclimatic zones of Madagascar (after CORNET, 1974; see SCHATZ, 2000). Protected areas are highlighted in grey.
Fig. 1 in The transfer of Eulophia beravensis Rchb. f. to Oeceoclades Lindl., a genus with its centre of diversity in Madagascar (Eulophiinae, Orchidaceae)
Fig. 1. – Simplified Bayesian plastid phylogeny of the tribe Eulophiinae showing Eulophia beravensis (Rchb. f.) R. Bone & Buerki nested within species of Oeceoclades Lindl.
Figure 14 in Diversity and distribution of North Atlantic Lepechinellidae (Amphipoda: Crustacea)
Figure 14. Lepechinella arctica, ZMK-H 56637, habitus lateral and eye including measurement of 179 µm. Scale bar 1 mm.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.