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3,630 results for “Forming”
Crystal structure of the coild-coil oligomerisation domain of the transcription factor PHOSPHATE STARVATION RESPONSE 1 (PHR1) from Arabidopsis - native dataset form 3
<p>gzipped tar archive contains the raw diffraction images (Pilatus 2M-F detector, SLS beamline PXIII), the data processing directory (xds_nat1) and the scaled and converted structure factors (xdsconv_nat1).</p>
Crystal structure of the coild-coil oligomerisation domain of the transcription factor PHOSPHATE STARVATION RESPONSE 1 (PHR1) from Arabidopsis - native dataset form 2
<p>the gzipped tar archive contains the raw diffraction images (Swiss Light Source beamline PXIII, Pilatus 2M-F detector), the data processing directory (xds_nat1) and the scaled and converted structure factors (xdsconv_nat1)</p>
Crystal structure of the coild-coil oligomerisation domain of the transcription factor PHOSPHATE STARVATION RESPONSE 1 (PHR1) from Arabidopsis - native dataset form 1
<p>gz tar archive contains the diffraction images (Pilatus 2M-F detector, SLS beamline PXIII), the data processing files (xds_nat1) and the scaled and converted data in mtz format (xdsconv_nat1)</p>
FIGURE 26. Dorsal lines forming a in The sprightly little sphaerodactyl: Systematics and biogeography of the Puerto Rican dwarf geckos Sphaerodactylus (Gekkota, Sphaerodactylidae)
FIGURE 26. Dorsal lines forming a blotch (A, Sphaerodactylus inigoi from Culebra, Flamenco) or with separated lines, not forming a blotch (B, Sphaerodactylus g. grandisquamis, Piñones, Puerto Rico).
(G) Higher magnification of dinosaur femur fragment in oblique view shows dense CB lined with newly described bone tissue, also seen in oblique view of emu (H) and ostrich (I) tibia. Ostrich MB is apparently unique in forming longitudinal tubules. in Gender-Specific Reproductive Tissue in Ratites and Tyrannosaurus rex
(G) Higher magnification of dinosaur femur fragment in oblique view shows dense CB lined with newly described bone tissue, also seen in oblique view of emu (H) and ostrich (I) tibia. Ostrich MB is apparently unique in forming longitudinal tubules.
Apolipoprotein L-1 renal risk variants form active channels at the plasma membrane driving cytotoxicity
Recently evolved alleles of Apolipoprotein L-1 (APOL1) provide increased protection against African trypanosome parasites while also significantly increasing the risk of developing kidney disease in humans. APOL1 protects against trypanosome infections by forming ion channels within the parasite, causing lysis. While the correlation to kidney disease is robust, there is little consensus concerning the underlying disease mechanism. We show in human cells that the APOL1 renal risk variants have a population of active channels at the plasma membrane, which results in an influx of both Na+ and Ca2+. We propose a model wherein APOL1 channel activity is the upstream event causing cell death, and that the activate-state, plasma membrane-localized channel represents the ideal drug target to combat APOL1-mediated kidney disease.
FIGURE 4. Dotilla clepsydrodactylus Alcock, 1900 in On the two 'forms' of Dotilla intermedia De Man, 1888 (Crustacea: Brachyura Dotillidae) from the Bay of Bengal, India, with description of a new species
FIGURE 4. Dotilla clepsydrodactylus Alcock, 1900, lectotype, male (CW 6.5 mm, CL 5.0 mm) (ZSI 438–45/7), False Point, Odisha. A, habitus, dorsal view; B, frontal view; C, right chela, outer view; D, thoracic sternum and pleon, ventral view.
FIGURE 7. Dotilla fraternalis n in On the two 'forms' of Dotilla intermedia De Man, 1888 (Crustacea: Brachyura Dotillidae) from the Bay of Bengal, India, with description of a new species
FIGURE 7. Dotilla fraternalis n. sp., holotype, male (CW 7.9 mm, CL 5.9 mm) (ZSI-C7125/2), Digha, West Bengal. A, pleon; D, spoon tipped seta of inner margin of merus of second maxilliped. Dotilla intermedia De Man, 1888 male (CW 9.6 mm, CL 7.9 mm) (ZSI-C7963/2), Digha, West Bengal. B, pleon; E, spoon tipped setae of inner margin of merus of second maxilliped. Dotilla clepsydrodactylus Alcock, 1900, lectotype, male (CW 6.5 mm, CL 5.0 mm) (ZSI 438–45/7), False Point, Odisha. C, pleon.
FIGURE 2 in On the two 'forms' of Dotilla intermedia De Man, 1888 (Crustacea: Brachyura Dotillidae) from the Bay of Bengal, India, with description of a new species
FIGURE 2. Dotilla intermedia De Man, 1888 paralectotype, male (CW 4.2 mm, CL 3.5 mm) (ZSI-C8236/6), Sullivan I., Mergui Archipelago. A, habitus, dorsal view; B, frontal view; C, right chela, outer view; D, thoracic sternum and pleon, ventral view.
FIGURE 6. Dotilla fraternalis n in On the two 'forms' of Dotilla intermedia De Man, 1888 (Crustacea: Brachyura Dotillidae) from the Bay of Bengal, India, with description of a new species
FIGURE 6. Dotilla fraternalis n. sp., holotype, male (CW 7.9 mm, CL 5.9 mm) (ZSI-C7125/2), Digha, West Bengal. A, habitus, dorsal view; B, frontal view; C, right chela, outer view; D, thoracic sternum and pleon, ventral view.
Data from: Evolution and diversity of two cisco forms in an outlet of glacial Lake Algonquin
The diversity of Laurentian Great Lakes ciscoes (Coregonus artedi, sensu lato) arose via repeated local adaptive divergence including deepwater ciscoes that are now extirpated or threatened. The nigripinnis form, or Blackfin Cisco, is extirpated from the Great Lakes and remains only in Lake Nipigon. Putative nigripinnis populations were recently discovered in sympatry with artedi in a historical drainage system of glacial Lake Algonquin, the precursor of Lakes Michigan and Huron. Given the apparent convergence on Great Lakes form, we labelled this form blackfin. Here, we test the hypothesis that nigripinnis may have colonized this area from the Great Lakes as a distinct lineage. It would then represent a relict occurrence of the historical diversity of Great Lakes ciscoes. Alternatively, blackfin could have evolved in situ in several lakes. We captured more than 600 individuals in the benthic or pelagic habitat in 14 lakes in or near Algonquin Provincial Park (Ontario, Canada). Fish were compared based on habitat, morphology and genetic variation at 6676 SNPs. Contrary to our expectations, both cisco and blackfin belonged to an Atlantic lineage that colonized the area from the east, not from the Great Lakes. Sympatric cisco and blackfin were closely related while fish from different lakes were genetically differentiated, strongly suggesting the repeated in situ origin of each form. Across lakes, there was a continuum of ecological, morphological and genetic differentiation that could be associated with alternative resources and lake characteristics. This study uncovers a new component of cisco diversity in inland lakes of Canada that evolved independently from ciscoes of the Laurentian Great lakes. The diversity of cisco revealed in this study and across their Canadian range presents a challenge for designating conservation units at the intraspecific level within the framework of the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC).
Data from: Macro-to-nanoscale investigation of wall-plate joints in the acorn barnacle Semibalanus balanoides: correlative imaging, biological form and function, and bioinspiration
Correlative imaging combines information from multiple modalities (physical–chemical–mechanical properties) at various length scales (centimetre to nanometre) to understand the complex biological materials across dimensions (2D–3D). Here, we have used numerous coupled systems: X-ray microscopy (XRM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), optical light microscopy (LM) and focused ion beam (FIB-SEM) microscopy to ascertain the microstructural and crystallographic properties of the wall-plate joints in the barnacle Semibalanus balanoides. The exoskeleton is composed of six interlocking wall plates, and the interlocks between neighbouring plates (alae) allow barnacles to expand and grow while remaining sealed and structurally strong. Our results indicate that the ala contain functionally graded orientations and microstructures in their crystallography, which has implications for naturally functioning microstructures, potential natural strengthening and preferred oriented biomineralization. Elongated grains at the outer edge of the ala are oriented perpendicularly to the contact surface, and the c-axis rotates with the radius of the ala. Additionally, we identify for the first time three-dimensional nanoscale ala pore networks revealing that the pores are only visible at the tip of the ala and that pore thickening occurs on the inside (soft bodied) edge of the plates. The pore networks appear to have the same orientation as the oriented crystallography, and we deduce that the pore networks are probably organic channels and pockets, which are involved with the biomineralization process. Understanding these multiscale features contributes towards an understanding of the structural architecture in barnacles, but also their consideration for bioinspiration of human-made materials. The work demonstrates that correlative methods spanning different length scales, dimensions and modes enable the extension of the structure–property relationships in materials to form and function of organisms.
FIGS. 121–135. Brunsonia albertana. Figs. 121–126. Form from Spokane, Washington. Fig. 121. Anterior gonopods, posterior view. Fig. 122. Right posterior gonopod coxite, posterior view. Figs. 123–127. Male legs 3–7, respectively. Figs. 128–135 in The millipede family Conotylidae in northwestern North America, with a complete bibliography of the family (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Heterochordeumatidea, Conotyloidea)
FIGS. 121–135. Brunsonia albertana. Figs. 121–126. Form from Spokane, Washington. Fig. 121. Anterior gonopods, posterior view. Fig. 122. Right posterior gonopod coxite, posterior view. Figs. 123–127. Male legs 3–7, respectively. Figs. 128–135. Form from Umatilla Co., Oregon. Fig. 128. Left anterior gonopod, posterior view. Fig. 129. Right posterior gonopod coxite, posterior view. Figs. 130–135. Male legs 3–7, respectively.
Figures and Supplymentary Videos for "Anatomy of cage formation in a 2D glass-forming liquid"
<p>This folder contains figures and videos in the main text and supplementary materials of the paper "Anatomy of cage formation in a 2D glass-forming liquid"</p>
Three eco-physiological strategies of response to drought maintain the form and function of a tropical montane grassland
<p>1. Ecologists seek a general scheme to classify the diversity of plant responses to environmental factors into a few strategies (e.g. competitor -C, stress-tolerant -S, ruderal-R), while plant physiologists seek a mechanistic scheme to explain such different responses (e.g. tolerance, escape, avoidance). So far, few attempts have been made to combine both perspectives into plant eco-physiological strategies. Moreover, the relative contribution of different strategies to maintain both community structure and ecosystem functioning during drought has rarely been assessed. This limits our capacity to predict how extreme events caused by climate change will affect plant communities.</p> <p>2. Here, we present an integrated framework to identify plant eco-physiological strategies and to estimate their contribution to community originality (diversity of trait-combinations), dominance (species relative frequency), and ecosystem functioning (productivity and evapotranspiration).</p> <p>3. We applied this framework in a tropical montane grassland and found three co-occurring eco-physiological strategies in this community (S-tolerance/avoidance, CS-escape/tolerance and CR-escape/avoidance). While CS-species contributed more to dominance and functionality, CR- and S-species contributed more to originality. Therefore, all three strategies were important to support the grassland form and function.</p> <p><i>Synthesis</i>: Plants exhibit different strategies, as well as different contributions to community and ecosystem attributes. We developed an integrated approach to both identify strategies and estimate their relative contribution. Thereby, as droughts intensify, we can better predict which plants are more likely to be lost and how their loss will impact the communities and ecosystem where they occur. This knowledge is necessary for specifying conservation priorities and for developing more efficient conservation practices.</p>
Timbre and Visual Forms: a crossmodal study relating acoustic features and the Bouba-Kiki Effect - Auditory Stimuli
<p>Audio fragments from 'Timbre and Visual Forms: a crossmodal study relating acoustic features and the Bouba-Kiki Effect' study. 11 auditory stimuli. Length: 05 seconds. Audio Format: .wav (44.100/16Bits).</p>
The strength and form of natural selection on transcript abundance in the wild
<p>Gene transcription variation is known to contribute to disease susceptibility and adaptation, but we currently know very little about how contemporary natural selection shapes transcript abundance. Here, we propose a novel analytical framework to quantify the strength and form of ongoing natural selection at the transcriptome level in a wild vertebrate. We estimated selection on transcript abundance in a cohort of a wild salmonid fish (<i>Salmo trutta</i>) affected by an extracellular myxozoan parasite (<i>Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae</i>) through mark-recapture field sampling and the integration of RNA-seq with classical regression-based selection analysis. We show, based on fin transcriptomes of the host, that infection by the parasite and subsequent host survival is linked to upregulation of mitotic cell cycle process. We also detect a <span class="Heading3Char">widespread signal of disruptive selection</span> on transcripts linked to host immune defence, host-pathogen interactions, cellular repair and maintenance. Our results provide insights about how selection can be measured at the transcriptome level to dissect the molecular mechanisms of contemporary natural selection driven by climate change and emerging anthropogenic threats. We anticipate that the approach described here will enable critical information on the molecular mechanisms and targets of natural selection to be obtained in real time.</p>
Data from: A model of developmental canalization, applied to human cranial form
<p>Developmental mechanisms that canalize or compensate perturbations of organismal development (targeted or compensatory growth) are widely considered a prerequisite of individual health and the evolution of complex life, but little is known about the nature of these mechanisms. It is even unclear if and how a "target trajectory" of individual development is encoded in the organism's genetic-developmental system or, instead, emerges as an epiphenomenon. Here we develop a statistical model of developmental canalization based on an extended autoregressive model. We show that under certain assumptions the strength of canalization and the amount of canalized variance in a population can be estimated, or at least approximated, from longitudinal phenotypic measurements, even if the target trajectories are unobserved. We extend this model to multivariate measures and discuss reifications of the ensuing parameter matrix. We apply these approaches to longitudinal geometric morphometric data on human postnatal craniofacial size and shape as well as to the size of the frontal sinuses. Craniofacial size showed strong developmental canalization during the first 5 years of life, leading to a 50% reduction of cross-sectional size variance, followed by a continual increase in variance during puberty. Frontal sinus size, by contrast, did not show any signs of canalization. Total variance of craniofacial shape decreased slightly until about 5 years of age and increased thereafter. However, different features of craniofacial shape showed very different developmental dynamics. Whereas the relative dimensions of the nasopharynx showed strong canalization and a reduction of variance throughout postnatal development, facial orientation continually increased in variance. Some of the signals of canalization may owe to independent variation in developmental timing of cranial components, but our results indicate evolved, partly mechanically induced mechanisms of canalization that ensure properly sized upper airways and facial dimensions.</p>
FIGURE 3. Triaenogryllacris triaena, male green form alive. A-B in Studies on raspy crickets: New Triaenogryllacris species (Orthoptera: Gryllacrididae)
FIGURE 3. Triaenogryllacris triaena, male green form alive. A-B. Lateral and frontal views respectively. Photos: L.M. Constantino.
FIGURE 2. Triaenogryllacris triaena, male pink form alive. A-B in Studies on raspy crickets: New Triaenogryllacris species (Orthoptera: Gryllacrididae)
FIGURE 2. Triaenogryllacris triaena, male pink form alive. A-B. Lateral and frontal views respectively. Photos: J.J. Caicedo.
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.