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2,214 results for “Strength”
Torsional strength of electropolished microscale copper wires
<p>This project has received funding from the EU's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie SklodowskaCurie grant agreement No. 704292 (TORWIRE). The data have been included in the paper "Song Guo, Yuming He*, Jian Lei, Zhenkun Li, and Dabiao Liu*. Individual Strain Gradient Effect on Torsional Strength of Electropolished Microscale Copper Wires. Scripta Materialia, 130 (2017), 124-27." These data can be used to validate existing theories for microscale plasticity, e.g. strain gradient plasticity theories, critical thickness theory, etc.</p>
Figure 2 in A study on European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) swimbladder with some considerations on conventionally used target strength
Figure 2. European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus): lateral (upper) and dorsal (lower) radiographs and the measurement steps shown on the same image. The swimbladder is the dark structure in the center of the body.
Biopolymer Guar Gum Effect To The Shear Strength of Fine Sand
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Assessing strengths and weaknesses of DNA metabarcoding based macroinvertebrate identification for routine stream monitoring
1) DNA metabarcoding holds great promise for the assessment of macroinvertebrates in stream ecosystems. However, few large-scale studies have compared the performance of DNA metabarcoding with that of routine morphological identification. 2) We performed metabarcoding using four primer sets on macroinvertebrate samples from 18 stream sites across Finland. The samples were collected in 2013 and identified based on morphology as part of a Finnish stream monitoring program. Specimens were morphologically classified, following standardised protocols, to the lowest taxonomic level for which identification was feasible in the routine national monitoring. 3) DNA metabarcoding identified more than twice the number of taxa than the morphology-based protocol, and also yielded a higher taxonomic resolution. For each sample, we detected more taxa by metabarcoding than by the morphological method, and all four primer sets exhibited comparably good performance. Sequence read abundance and the number of specimens per taxon (a proxy for biomass) were significantly correlated in each sample, although the adjusted R2 were low. With a few exceptions, the ecological status assessment metrics calculated from morphological and DNA metabarcoding datasets were similar. Given the recent reduction in sequencing costs, metabarcoding is currently approximately as expensive as morphology-based identification. 4) Using samples obtained in the field, we demonstrated that DNA metabarcoding can achieve comparable assessment results to current protocols relying on morphological identification. Thus, metabarcoding represents a feasible and reliable method to identify macroinvertebrates in stream bioassessment, and offers powerful advantage over morphological identification in providing identification for taxonomic groups that are unfeasible to identify in routine protocols. To unlock the full potential of DNA metabarcoding for ecosystem assessment, however, it will be necessary to address key problems with current laboratory protocols and reference databases.
Data from: Origin of tensile strength of a woven sample cut in bias directions
Textile fabrics are highly anisotropic, so that their mechanical properties including strengths are a function of direction. An extreme case is when a woven fabric sample is cut in such a way where the bias angle and hence the tension loading direction is around 45° relative to the principal directions. Then, once loaded, no yarn in the sample is held at both ends, so the yarns have to build up their internal tension entirely via yarn–yarn friction at the interlacing points. The overall fabric strength in such a sample is a result of contributions from the yarns being pulled out and those broken during the process, and thus becomes a function of the bias direction angle θ, sample width W and length L, along with other factors known to affect fabric strength tested in principal directions. Furthermore, in such a bias sample when the major parameters, e.g. the sample width W, change, not only the resultant strengths differ, but also the strength generating mechanisms (or failure types) vary. This is an interesting problem and is analysed in this study. More specifically, the issues examined in this paper include the exact mechanisms and details of how each interlacing point imparts the frictional constraint for a yarn to acquire tension to the level of its strength when both yarn ends were not actively held by the testing grips; the theoretical expression of the critical yarn length for a yarn to be able to break rather than be pulled out, as a function of the related factors; and the general relations between the tensile strength of such a bias sample and its structural properties. At the end, theoretical predictions are compared with our experimental data.
Data from: Cues of upper body strength account for most of the variance in men's bodily attractiveness
Evolution equips sexually reproducing species with mate choice mechanisms that function to evaluate the reproductive consequences of mating with different individuals. Indeed, evolutionary psychologists have shown that women's mate choice mechanisms track many cues of men's genetic quality and ability to invest resources in the woman and her offspring. One variable that predicted both a man's genetic quality and his ability to invest is the man's formidability (i.e. fighting ability or resource holding power/potential). Modern women, therefore, should have mate choice mechanisms that respond to ancestral cues of a man's fighting ability. One crucial component of a man's ability to fight was his upper body strength. Here we test how important physical strength is to men's bodily attractiveness. Three sets of photographs of men's bodies were shown to raters who estimated either their physical strength or their attractiveness. Estimates of physical strength determined over 70% of men's bodily attractiveness. Additional analyses showed that tallness and leanness were also favored, and – along with estimates of physical strength – accounted for 80% of men's bodily attractiveness. Contrary to popular theories of men's physical attractiveness, there was no evidence of a non-linear effect; the strongest men were the most attractive in all samples.
Data from: The strength of phenotypic selection in natural populations
How strong is phenotypic selection on quantitative traits in the wild? We reviewed the literature from 1984 through 1997 for studies that estimated the strength of linear and quadratic selection in terms of standardized selection gradients or differentials on natural variation in quantitative traits for field populations. We tabulated 63 published studies of 62 species that reported over 2,500 estimates of linear or quadratic selection. More than 80% of the estimates were for morphological traits; there is very little data for behavioral or physiological traits. Most published selection studies were unreplicated and had sample sizes below 135 individuals, resulting in low statistical power to detect selection of the magnitude typically reported for natural populations. The absolute values of linear selection gradients |β| were exponentially distributed with an overall median of 0.16, suggesting that strong directional selection was uncommon. The values of |β| for selection on morphological and on life-history/phenological traits were significantly different: on average, selection on morphology was stronger than selection on phenology/life history. Similarly, the values of |β| for selection via aspects of survival, fecundity, and mating success were significantly different: on average, selection on mating success was stronger than on survival. Comparisons of estimated linear selection gradients and differentials suggest that indirect components of phenotypic selection were usually modest relative to direct components. The absolute values of quadratic selection gradients |γ| were exponentially distributed with an overall median of only 0.10, suggesting that quadratic selection is typically quite weak. The distribution of γ values was symmetric about 0, providing no evidence that stabilizing selection is stronger or more common than disruptive selection in nature.
Data from: Get off my back: vibrational assessment of homeowner strength
Animals may use a variety of sensory modalities to assess ownership and resource holding potential (RHP). However, few studies have experimentally tested whether animals can assess these key variables through a purely vibrational modality, exclusively involving substrate-borne vibrations. Here we studied social terrestrial hermit crabs (Coenobita compressus), where competitors assess homeowners by climbing on top of a solid external structure—an architecturally remodelled shell home, inside of which the owner then produces vibrations. In the field, we used a miniature vibratory device, hidden within an empty shell, to experimentally simulate a 'phantom owner', with variable amplitudes of vibration representing different levels of homeowner strength. We found that assessors could use these vibrations to deduce the owner's RHP: for strong vibrations (indicative of a high RHP owner) assessors were least likely to escalate the conflict; for weak vibrations (indicative of a low RHP owner) assessors showed intermediate escalation; and in the absence of vibration (indicative of an extremely weak or absent owner) assessors were most likely to escalate. These results reveal that animals can assess homeowner strength based solely on substrate vibrations, thereby making important decisions about whether to escalate social conflicts over property.
(1) in Fused and vaulted nasals of tyrannosaurid dinosaurs: Implications for cranial strength and feeding mechanics
(1)
Seasonal variation in the strength of interference competition among headwater stream predators
<p>1. Vertebrate communities in headwater streams are assumed to be regulated through competitive and predatory interactions. Although documented predation is rare, studies regularly report competitive dominance by fish that, as larger competitors reliant on aquatic habitat, exclude semi-aquatic salamanders to marginal stream habitat. However, it is unclear whether fish interact with stream-breeding salamanders through indirect effects such as, competition for resources (e.g., food or cover) or fear (i.e., threat of predation) nor is it known whether these interactions are consistent through time.</p> <p>2. This study used a novel caging approach to determine if competitive outcomes between a headwater fish and salamanders were regulated primarily through resource depletion (exploitative competition) or behavioural avoidance (interference competition).</p> <p>3. We paired banded sculpin (<i>Cottus carolinae</i>) and larval red salamanders (<i>Pseudotriton ruber</i>) of similar body size in independent flow through mesocosms with intra- and inter-specific pairs allowed to interact physically or non-physically. The experiment was repeated in the fall and in the spring when stream salamander larvae begin to transform into terrestrial juveniles.</p> <p>4. Banded sculpin negatively influenced growth of red salamanders regardless of whether they were allowed to physically interact, suggesting interference competition and behavioural avoidance. This asymmetrical effect was strongest in the spring when salamanders underwent metamorphosis at higher rates in the presence of fish. However, in the fall, the effects were more balanced between the two species with salamanders impacting fish through exploitative competition.</p> <p>5. By studying the temporal relationships between two competitors and using a caging method novel to competition studies, we established that the outcomes of competition are dependent on season and may vary in type relative to the timing of life history events. For this community, these results suggest that outcomes of competition are highly dependent on season and could indicate a biotic mechanism maintaining headwater salamander distributions through source-sink dynamics. Our results also suggest that, in this species interaction, it may be unwarranted to assume that the outcomes of competition at one time represent the complex relationships regulating community interactions.</p>
Effect of water on sandstone's fracture toughness and frictional parameters: Brittle strength constraints
<p>This is the ReadMe file corresponding to the study entitled:<br> "Effect of water on sandstone’s fracture toughness and frictional parameters: Brittle strength constraints"</p> <p>By Noël C., Baud P. and Violay M.</p> <p>This study has been published in the journal International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences. It is under Under a Creative Commons license CC BY-NC-ND 4.0.<br> doi: 10.1016/j.ijrmms.2021.104916</p> <p>This Read-Me file has been last edited in September 2021</p> <p>This readme file describes the data repository and supplementary files accompanying the above publication. <br> For any further queries please contact corentin.noel@uniroma1.it</p>
Effectiveness of acute L-arginine supplementation on physical performance in strength training: a systematic review and meta-analysis
<p><span>The oral administration of L-arginine has been related to improved physical performance due to a likely reduction in muscle fatigue, resulting from the vasodilator effect of nitric oxide on skeletal muscle. However, there is no precise and quantitative analysis of the information in the literature. </span>Objective:<span> The main objective was to assess the effectiveness of L-arginine supplementation on physical performance in strength training with a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: Systematic review and meta-analysis, the PRISMA® (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis), PICOS statement and methodology guidelines, the quality of evidence by Classification of Assessment, Development and Assessment Recommendations (GRADE), Multiple Systematic Review Tool Assessment (AMSTAR2)</span><span>, and to assess the risk of bias of randomized clinical trials, the RoB 2.0 tool (Risk of Bias - Cochrane risk of bias tool revised for randomized trials)</span><span>. </span><span>The inclusion process established articles with well-designed human experiments that included only L-arginine supplementation testing the effects of L-arginine supplementation on sports performance related to strength training; identical experimental conditions in placebo or control group; and publications in the last ten years (until December 31, 2020). Three studies were included that compared L-arginine supplementation with placebo in anaerobic performance tests. </span>Results:<span> There was no significant heterogeneity (p>0.05) in the analysis of the three selected articles and the effects of L-arginine supplementation in muscular endurance; performance had a mean of 0.26 (95% CI = -0.129; 0.649; p = 0.190), peak torque with a mean of -0.002 (95% CI = -0.531; 0.527; p = 0. 99) of the third series of exercises and, furthermore, when comparing the integrated effect (resistance rate with the peak torque) there was no difference with a mean of 0.168 (95% CI = -0.145; 0.481; p = 0.292). </span></p> <p>Conclusions:<span> Acute L-arginine supplementation provides no ergogenic effect on strength training performance.</span></p>
IODP Expedition 385 Vane shear strength (AVS)
<p>Shear strength was measured on section halves using a GEISA automated vane shear (AVS) frame and device controller. The device is suitable for sediment not affected by cementation (i.e., saturated, clay-rich, soft sediment). Shear strength measurements should be considered only approximate, particularly because the influence of pore pressure changes during the undrained experiment cannot be estimated. Report includes vane shear strength at the sample's failure point, maximum torque angle, penetration direction, and rate of vane rotation.</p>
Closing in on Hydrologic Predictive Accuracy: Combining the Strengths of High-Fidelity and Physics-Agnostic Models
<p>The zip file contains a synthetic dataset that was used to construct the surrogate model.</p>
Small fish eat smaller fish: a model of interaction strength in early life stages of two tuna species
<p>Fish larvae are rarely a major driver of fish mortality, but tunas can produce large batches of larvae that rapidly develop the capacity to kill other fish. We combine a model for the killing potential from Atlantic bluefin tuna (BFT) larvae on larval albacore (ALB) with field observations at a major spawning ground. Both species spawn from June to August, but BFT has a narrow spawning peak at the beginning of the season that results in priority effects. Our model shows that, following a recent stock recovery, BFT larvae have increased their killing pressure, leaving areas of up to 1000km<sup>2</sup> with <1% chance of ALB daily survival. Such increase in killing pressure suggests larval ALB has reduced chances to survive, yet in large areas with few BFT other drivers of early survival prevail over BFT predation. This shows that strong predatory interactions can occur during larval stages in some fishes.</p>
Deuterium Magnetic Resonance Imaging Using Deuterated Water-Induced 2H-Tissue Labeling Allows Monitoring Cancer Treatment at Clinical Field Strength
<p>Raw 2H-NMR Data of deuterium content in tumor tissues. </p>
Comparison of Two Dose Strengths of Selexipag in Healthy Adults
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02745860. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 0. Publications: 1.
Respiratory Muscle Strength in Patients With NMD
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01555905. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Study of Recovery of Strength After Surgery Comparing Two Different Medications for Reversal of Muscle Relaxant
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03116997. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Effect of BioStrength Training on Muscle Strength and Satisfaction in Adults Aged 30-65
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06727695. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.