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4,937 results for “endemic species”
Fig. 3 in A remarkably small species of Uroplectes Peters, 1861 (Scorpiones: Buthidae), endemic to the Succulent Karoo of South Africa
Fig. 3. Carapace, (A, B) dorsal aspect, (C, D) sternum, genital opercula and pectines, ventral aspect of Uroplectes ansiedippenaarae sp. n., Loeriesfontein, Northern Cape Province, South Africa. A, C – Holotype ♂ (AMNH); B, D – Paratype ♀ (AMNH). Scale bars = 1 mm.
Fig. 2 in A remarkably small species of Uroplectes Peters, 1861 (Scorpiones: Buthidae), endemic to the Succulent Karoo of South Africa
Fig. 2. (A, B) Succulent Karoo habitat and (C–E) live habitus of Uroplectes ansiedippenaarae sp. n. and (F) Uroplectes variegatus (C.L. Koch, 1844). (A) Northern Knersvlakte Vygieveld at Ezelkopvlakte, Northern Cape Province, South Africa. (B) Hantam Karoo at Loeriesfontein, Northern Cape Province, South Africa. (C) U. ansiedippenaarae sp. n., ♂, Glen Lyon, Northern Cape Province, South Africa. Scale bar, 3 mm. (D) U. ansiedippenaarae sp. n., ♂, Loeriesfontein. (E) U. ansiedippenaarae sp. n., ♂, Langkloof, Northern Cape Province, South Africa. (F) U. variegatus, Koeberg, Western Cape Province, South Africa. Photographs courtesy J. Huff (A, B, D), C. Willis (C) and I. Engelbrecht (E, F).
Fig. 1 in A remarkably small species of Uroplectes Peters, 1861 (Scorpiones: Buthidae), endemic to the Succulent Karoo of South Africa
Fig. 1. The known distribution of Uroplectes ansiedippenaarae sp. n. in the Northern Cape and Western Cape provinces of South Africa. Black squares indicate known locality records; white star on black square indicates type locality.
Figs 6–11 in Four new narrow-range endemic species of Gulella from Eastern Cape, South Africa (Mollusca: Pulmonata: Streptaxidae)
Figs 6–11. Gulella dejae sp. n., holotype. 6, 7, apertural and lateral views of shell, length = 2.8 mm; 8, enlarged view of the aperture, bar = 0.3 mm; 9, umbilical region, bar = 0.3 mm; 10, detail of sculpture (start of last whorl), bar = 50 µm; 11, microsculpture on embryonic shell, bar = 40 µm.
Figs 1–5 in Four new narrow-range endemic species of Gulella from Eastern Cape, South Africa (Mollusca: Pulmonata: Streptaxidae)
Figs 1–5. Gulella hamerae sp. n., holotype. 1, 2, apertural and lateral views of shell, length = 2.7 mm; 3, oblique view into aperture, bar = 0.25 mm; 4, detail of sculpture (start of last whorl), bar = 100 µm; 5, microsculpture on embryonic shell, bar = 100 µm.
Figs 18–23 in Four new narrow-range endemic species of Gulella from Eastern Cape, South Africa (Mollusca: Pulmonata: Streptaxidae)
Figs 18–23. Gulella newmani sp. n., holotype. 18, 19, apertural and lateral views of shell, length = 3.68 mm; 20, enlarged view of the aperture, bar = 0.5 mm; 21, umbilical region, bar = 0.25 mm; 22, detail of sculpture (first quarter of last whorl, bar = 75µm; 23, microsculpture on embryonic shell, partly eroded, bar = 30µm.
Patterns of species richness and turnover in endemic amphibians of the Guineo-Congolian rainforest
<p><strong>Aim</strong>: The African Guineo-Congolian (GC) region is a global biodiversity hotspot with high species endemism, bioclimatic heterogeneity, complex landscape features, and multiple biogeographic barriers. Bioclimatic and geographic variables influence global patterns of species richness and endemism, but their relative importance varies across taxa and regions and is poorly understood for many faunas. We characterized patterns of richness and turnover in endemic amphibians of the GC biodiversity hotspot and evaluated the relative roles of geographic distance and bioclimatic variables in predicting turnover. </p> <p><strong>Location</strong>: West and Central Africa. </p> <p><strong>Major taxa studied</strong>: Amphibians</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong>: We compiled species-occurrence records via field sampling, online databases, and taxonomic literature. Our study used 1205 unique georeferenced records of 222 amphibian species endemic to the GC region. Patterns of species richness were mapped onto a grid with a spatial resolution of 0.5° × 0.5°. We estimated weighted endemism and tested whether endemism was higher than the expected species richness (randomization test). We quantified species turnover using generalized dissimilarity modelling to evaluate the processes underlying observed patterns of species richness in GC endemic amphibians. We explored bioregionalization using agglomerative hierarchical clustering based on the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic averages. </p> <p><strong>Results</strong>: We identified six areas within the lower GC region – forests in Southern Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Republic of Congo, and Democratic Republic of Congo – as having high species richness of endemic amphibians. The randomization test returned four major areas of significant weighted endemism: Nigeria-Cameroon mountains, forest regions of the Democratic Republic of Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, and Ghana. Our analysis revealed five bioregions for amphibian endemism, four of which were located within the lower Guineo-Congolian forest. Species turnover was strongly related to the geographic distance between grid cells; contributing bioclimatic variables included precipitation of the warmest quarter, mean temperature of the wettest quarter, and mean diurnal temperature range. </p> <p><strong>Main conclusions</strong>: Our results indicate that geographic distance between grid cells is the primary determinant of turnover in GC endemic amphibians, with secondary but significant effects of rainfall- and temperature-related variables. Our results identify key areas of endemic amphibian richness that could be prioritized for conservation actions.</p>
Dietary and niche analyses of four endemic and sympatric batoid species of the subtropical South Atlantic Ocean
<p><span>We aimed to characterize the trophic ecology and test the hypothesis of niche overlap between four endemic and sympatric batoid species of the subtropical South Atlantic. Data were collected between 2017 and 2022 from two artisanal fishery communities in southern Brazil. Batoid stomach contents were identified, separated into categories, and weighed. We calculated the Levins, Pianka's, and relative dietary importance index (IRI), and performed a similarity test using PERMANOVA and the similarity percentage (SIMPER) for niche analysis. We analyzed 229 stomachs of four batoid species, 187 containing food. All species showed a narrow food niche. The most important diet items for each species were: <em>Leptochaela</em> <em>serratorbita</em> and Onuphidae for <em>Dasyatis</em> <em>hypostigma</em>; Nematoda for <em>Pseudobatos</em> <em>horkelii</em>; <em>L</em>. <em>serratorbita</em> and <em>Sicyonia</em> <em>dorsalis</em> for <em>Rioraja</em> <em>agassizii</em>; and <em>Achelous</em> <em>spinicarpus</em> for <em>Sympterygia</em> <em>bonapartii</em>. The analyses showed (statistically significant) dissimilarity among the species' diets without significant niche overlap. This study provides ecology-feeding information for four batoid species with specialized diets composed of benthic prey species. Our results detected the absence of significant niche overlap among batoid species, suggesting other types of niche partitioning and spatiotemporal habitat variation. This information could be considered for local management plans.</span></p>
Fig. 1 in Casearia razakamalalae (Salicaceae), a new species endemic to southeastern Madagascar
Fig. 1. – Casearia razakamalalae Philpott & Appleq. A. Flowering branch; B. Flower post-anthesis in early fruit development; C. Detail of abaxial leaf surface with conspicuous reticulated higher-order venation; D. Inflorescence.
Fig. 2 in Casearia razakamalalae (Salicaceae), a new species endemic to southeastern Madagascar
Fig. 2. – Casearia razakamalalae Philpott & Appleq.: A. Adaxial leaf surface; B. Abaxial leaf surface. Casearia lucida Tul.: C. Adaxial leaf surface; D. Abaxial leaf surface.
Fig. 6 in Taxonomic Assessment of a Threatened Large Millipede Endemic to the Southern Ryukyu Islands, Japan: a New Species of Spirobolus (Diplopoda: Spirobolida: Spirobolidae) from the Yaeyama Islands
Fig. 6. Spirobolus akamma sp. nov., holotype male (KUZ Z4329), left posterior gonopod. A, B, Anterior view; C, D, posterior view. Abbreviations: pe, prefemoral endite; tep, telopodite of posterior gonopod.
Fig. 5 in Taxonomic Assessment of a Threatened Large Millipede Endemic to the Southern Ryukyu Islands, Japan: a New Species of Spirobolus (Diplopoda: Spirobolida: Spirobolidae) from the Yaeyama Islands
Fig. 5. Spirobolus akamma sp. nov., holotype male (KUZ Z4329), anterior gonopods. A, B, Anterior view; C, D, posterior view. Abbreviations: co, coxa of anterior gonopod; mp, mesal sternal process; tea, telopodite of anterior gonopod.
Fig. 2 in Taxonomic Assessment of a Threatened Large Millipede Endemic to the Southern Ryukyu Islands, Japan: a New Species of Spirobolus (Diplopoda: Spirobolida: Spirobolidae) from the Yaeyama Islands
Fig. 2. Spirobolus akamma sp. nov., paratype male (KUZ Z4328; A, C), paratype female (KUZ Z4332; B), and holotype male (KUZ Z4329; D, E). A, Head, frontal view; B, right mandible, mesal view; C, gnathochilarium, ventral view; D, right antenna, sub-mesal view; E, antennomeres V–VII of left antenna, sub-mesal view.
Fig. 1 in Taxonomic Assessment of a Threatened Large Millipede Endemic to the Southern Ryukyu Islands, Japan: a New Species of Spirobolus (Diplopoda: Spirobolida: Spirobolidae) from the Yaeyama Islands
Fig. 1. Spirobolus akamma sp. nov., an individual from near the Mariudo Waterfall, Iriomote Island (A), and holotype male (KUZ Z4329; B–D). A, In situ habitus (photograph taken by N. Sawada); B, dorsal view; C, lateral view; D, ventral view.
Fig. 8 in Taxonomic Assessment of a Threatened Large Millipede Endemic to the Southern Ryukyu Islands, Japan: a New Species of Spirobolus (Diplopoda: Spirobolida: Spirobolidae) from the Yaeyama Islands
Fig. 8. Spirobolus akamma sp. nov., paratype female (KUZ Z4332), left cyphopod. A, Anterior view; B, lateral view; C, posterior view, dashed lines indicate the lateral margins of serrations. Abbreviations: av, anterior valve; lf, lateral flange; pv, posterior valve.
Fig. 3 in Taxonomic Assessment of a Threatened Large Millipede Endemic to the Southern Ryukyu Islands, Japan: a New Species of Spirobolus (Diplopoda: Spirobolida: Spirobolidae) from the Yaeyama Islands
Fig. 3. Spirobolus akamma sp. nov., paratype female (KUZ Z4332). A, Antennomere V of left antenna, latero-apical view, showing sensilla basiconica bacilliformia; B, antennomere VI of left antenna, latero-apical view, showing sensilla basiconica bacilliformia.
Fig. 7 in Taxonomic Assessment of a Threatened Large Millipede Endemic to the Southern Ryukyu Islands, Japan: a New Species of Spirobolus (Diplopoda: Spirobolida: Spirobolidae) from the Yaeyama Islands
Fig. 7. Spirobolus akamma sp. nov., holotype male (KUZ Z4329), apical part of right posterior gonopod, anterior view. Abbreviations: pe, prefemoral endite; tep, telopodite of posterior gonopod.
Fig. 8 in Description of two new species forming a sympatric species pair of Crenicichla (Teleostei: Cichlidae) endemic to the Piray Guazú River in the Paraná River Basin, Misiones, Argentina and belonging to the C. mandelburgeri species complex
Fig. 8. Overview of phylogenetic relationships and molecular and morphological differentiation of C. ama sp. nov. and C. aravera sp. nov. and its parallel species pair (C. ypo Casciotta, Almirón, Piálek, Gómez & Říčan, 2010 and C. yjhui Piálek, Casciotta, Almirón & Říčan, 2019). A. Summary of phylogenetic relationships within the C. mandelburgeri species complex with a nDNA ddRAD SVDQ species tree analysis as main topology focusing on the parallel species pairs in the Piray Guazú (the two new species) and Urugua-í River basins. Species tree is based on 60% SNP-representation matrix using fixed (= homozygotic sites). Red and blue basal branches and nodes in the species tree topology show biogeography (Red: Iguazú, Blue: Middle Paraná). Numbers in parentheses are total numbers of analyzed individuals (in nDNA/ in mtDNA). Numbers at nodes show bootstrap support values. Species colours as in Fig. 5. Blue arrows show nDNA introgression from C. mandelburgeri into C. aravera and C. yjhui. Modified from Říčan et al. (2021b). B. Alternative topology to the right of the tree represents mtDNA relationships of species in the two focal species pairs. Only C. ypo does not have a mitonuclear phylogenetic conflict. Modified from Říčan et al. (2021b). C. Inference of population structure based on the Admixture analysis for the two focal species pairs. Note majority assignment of C. yjhui and C. aravera with C. ypo and C. ama and partial assignment to C. mandelburgeri sensu lato at K10 to K13, and complete separation of all species at K14. Modified from Říčan et al. (2021b). D. Morphometric variation and discrimination of the two species pairs of sympatric species from the Piray Guazú (C. ama, C. aravera) and Urugua-í (C. ypo, C. yjhui) River basins analyzed by PCA based on holotype and paratype specimens ≥ 70 mm SL. Morphological measurements followed Kullander's (1986) methodology for Crenicichla Heckel, 1840 and were used as proportional values in % of SL. Note complete separation of species between ecomorphs (sympatric) and partial separation within ecomorphs (allopatric). Modified from Říčan et al. (2021b).
Fig. 7 in Description of two new species forming a sympatric species pair of Crenicichla (Teleostei: Cichlidae) endemic to the Piray Guazú River in the Paraná River Basin, Misiones, Argentina and belonging to the C. mandelburgeri species complex
Fig. 7. Paratype locality of C. ama sp. nov., tributary to upper arroyo Piray Guazú on RP16 23 km from San Pedro (26°35′45.90″ S, 54°16′59.96″ W), 26 November 2016. Crenicichla aravera sp. nov. is absent at this locality.
Fig. 4 in Description of two new species forming a sympatric species pair of Crenicichla (Teleostei: Cichlidae) endemic to the Piray Guazú River in the Paraná River Basin, Misiones, Argentina and belonging to the C. mandelburgeri species complex
Fig. 4. Lower pharyngeal tooth plate in occlusal view. A. Crenicichla ama sp. nov., paratype (MLP 11182, 94.5 mm). B. Crenicichla aravera sp. nov., paratype (MLP 11452, 93.7 mm). Scale bars = 1 mm.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.