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Subspecies and Distribution. P.j.javanicusJ.E.Gray,1838—PeninsularMalaysia,Singapore,Sumatra,Bangka,Borneo,Java,Sulawesi,Flores,Timor,andKarakelong;possiblyalsototheAruIs. P.j.babuThomas,1915—NPakistan(KhyberPakhtunkhwaandPunjab),NIndia(HimachalPradesh,Uttarakhand,MadhyaPradesh,Maharashtra,Sikkim,WestBengal,Assam,Meghalaya,Nagaland,andManipur),extremeSWCinna(Tibet[=Xizang]),Nepal,Bhutan,andBangladesh. P.j.camortaeG.S.Miller,1902—AndamanandNicobarIs. P.j.meyeniWaterhouse,1845—Philippines(Luzon,Mindoro,Sibuyan,Negros,Panay,Camiguin,Mindanao,Palawan,andReinardIs). P. j. peguensis Sinha, 1969 — Myanmar, SC China (Yunnan), Thailand, Laos, Vietnam (including Cat Ba and Cu Lao Cham Is), and Cambodia. in Vespertilionidae

Subspecies and Distribution. P.j.javanicusJ.E.Gray,1838—PeninsularMalaysia,Singapore,Sumatra,Bangka,Borneo,Java,Sulawesi,Flores,Timor,andKarakelong;possiblyalsototheAruIs. P.j.babuThomas,1915—NPakistan(KhyberPakhtunkhwaandPunjab),NIndia(HimachalPradesh,Uttarakhand,MadhyaPradesh,Maharashtra,Sikkim,WestBengal,Assam,Meghalaya,Nagaland,andManipur),extremeSWCinna(Tibet[=Xizang]),Nepal,Bhutan,andBangladesh. P.j.camortaeG.S.Miller,1902—AndamanandNicobarIs. P.j.meyeniWaterhouse,1845—Philippines(Luzon,Mindoro,Sibuyan,Negros,Panay,Camiguin,Mindanao,Palawan,andReinardIs). P. j. peguensis Sinha, 1969 — Myanmar, SC China (Yunnan), Thailand, Laos, Vietnam (including Cat Ba and Cu Lao Cham Is), and Cambodia.

Subspecies and Distribution. P.t.tenuisTemminck,1840—Sumatra. P.t.mimusWroughton,1899—NWAfghanistan(NangarharProvince),Pakistan(KhyberPakhtunkhwa,Punjab,andSind),India,W&SSriLanka,Nepal,Bhutan,Bangladesh,andNMyanmar. P.t.nitidusTomes,1859—Borneo(includingLabuanI),thePhilippines,Sulawesi,SeramI,AmbonI,andTimorI. P.t.portensisJ.A.Allen,1906—SChina(includingHainanI),Myanmar,Thailand,Laos,Vietnam,Cambodia,andPeninsularMalaysia(includingPenangI). P.t.sewelanusOey,1960—Java,Bali,andLombokIs. P. t. subulidens G. S. Miller, 1901 — Serasan I in the Natuna Is. in Vespertilionidae

Subspecies and Distribution. P.t.tenuisTemminck,1840—Sumatra. P.t.mimusWroughton,1899—NWAfghanistan(NangarharProvince),Pakistan(KhyberPakhtunkhwa,Punjab,andSind),India,W&SSriLanka,Nepal,Bhutan,Bangladesh,andNMyanmar. P.t.nitidusTomes,1859—Borneo(includingLabuanI),thePhilippines,Sulawesi,SeramI,AmbonI,andTimorI. P.t.portensisJ.A.Allen,1906—SChina(includingHainanI),Myanmar,Thailand,Laos,Vietnam,Cambodia,andPeninsularMalaysia(includingPenangI). P.t.sewelanusOey,1960—Java,Bali,andLombokIs. P. t. subulidens G. S. Miller, 1901 — Serasan I in the Natuna Is.

Subspecies and Distribution. P.p.paterculusThomas,1915—N&NEIndia(JammuandKashmir,Bihar,Assam,Nagaland,andManipur),Myanmar,ELaos,Vietnam,andN&SWCambodia;alsoreportedfromNWThailandbutrequiresconfirmation. P. p. yunnanensis Wang Yingxiang, 1982 — SW China (Yunnan). in Vespertilionidae

Subspecies and Distribution. P.p.paterculusThomas,1915—N&NEIndia(JammuandKashmir,Bihar,Assam,Nagaland,andManipur),Myanmar,ELaos,Vietnam,andN&SWCambodia;alsoreportedfromNWThailandbutrequiresconfirmation. P. p. yunnanensis Wang Yingxiang, 1982 — SW China (Yunnan).

Subspecies and Distribution. P.p.pipistrellusSchreber,1774—mostofEurope(fromIrelandandIberianPeninsulaEtoRussia),Turkey,Levant,Caucasus,andNAfrica(MtsofMorocco,Algeria,Tunisia,andLibya). P. p. aladdin Thomas, 1905 — SW & E Asia (Iran E to Kazakhstan and Afghanistan, India, NE Myanmar, W, E & S China, and Taiwan I). in Vespertilionidae

Subspecies and Distribution. P.p.pipistrellusSchreber,1774—mostofEurope(fromIrelandandIberianPeninsulaEtoRussia),Turkey,Levant,Caucasus,andNAfrica(MtsofMorocco,Algeria,Tunisia,andLibya). P. p. aladdin Thomas, 1905 — SW & E Asia (Iran E to Kazakhstan and Afghanistan, India, NE Myanmar, W, E & S China, and Taiwan I).

Distribution. Confirmed from NW Africa, the Sahel, and Nile Valley, E through the Middle East and WArabia to NW& C India (E to E Madhya Pradesh, 80° E); with possible distribution spots in E & SE India (indicated byfour mostlyhistorical records). Reportedly common in Bangladesh (yet disproved by recent reports) and retained on species lists of Myanmar, Thailand, and Sumatra without being supported by anyrecent record. in Rhinopomatidae

Distribution. Confirmed from NW Africa, the Sahel, and Nile Valley, E through the Middle East and WArabia to NW& C India (E to E Madhya Pradesh, 80° E); with possible distribution spots in E & SE India (indicated byfour mostlyhistorical records). Reportedly common in Bangladesh (yet disproved by recent reports) and retained on species lists of Myanmar, Thailand, and Sumatra without being supported by anyrecent record.

Subspecies and Distribution. L.l lyra Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire,1810 - extreme E Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bangladesh, SW China (Tibet [-Xizang]), and W Myanmar; this subspecies may also occur in Bhutan. L. l. sinense K. Andersen & Wroughton, 1907 S China, S Myanmar, Thailand, laos, Vietnam, Cambodia, and Peninsular Malaysia in Megadermatidae

Subspecies and Distribution. L.l lyra Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire,1810 - extreme E Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bangladesh, SW China (Tibet [-Xizang]), and W Myanmar; this subspecies may also occur in Bhutan. L. l. sinense K. Andersen & Wroughton, 1907 S China, S Myanmar, Thailand, laos, Vietnam, Cambodia, and Peninsular Malaysia

FIGURE 7. Vetuprostomis gaoi Li in New species of Vetuprostomis from mid-Cretaceous amber of northern Myanmar (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea: Prostomidae)

FIGURE 7. Vetuprostomis gaoi Li & Cai sp. nov., holotype, NIGP177908, under confocal microscopy. A, Mouthparts, ventral view. B, Temporal projection (arrowhead), ventral view. C, Prothorax, ventral view. D, Fore leg. E, Mesothorax, dorsal view. F, Hind leg. G, Abdomen, ventral view. E, Mouthparts, dorsal view. F, Elytral apex, dorsal view. Abbreviations: cl, clypeus; el, elytron; ey, compound eye; jp, jugular process; lb, labrum; lbp, labial palp; md, mandible; msv, mesoventrite; mt, mentum; mtf, metafemur; mttb, metatibia; mtts, metatarsus; mxp, maxillary palp; pc, procoxa; pf, profemur; ps, prosternum; ptb, protibia; ptc, protrochanter; pts, protarsus; v1–5, ventrites 1–5. Scale bars: 200 μm.

FIGURE 5 in New species of Vetuprostomis from mid-Cretaceous amber of northern Myanmar (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea: Prostomidae)

FIGURE 5. General habitus of Vetuprostomis gaoi Li & Cai sp. nov., holotype, NIGP177908, under incident light. A, Dorsal view. B, Ventral view. Scale bars: 1.5 mm.

FIGURE 6. Vetuprostomis gaoi Li in New species of Vetuprostomis from mid-Cretaceous amber of northern Myanmar (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea: Prostomidae)

FIGURE 6. Vetuprostomis gaoi Li & Cai sp. nov., holotype, NIGP177908, under widefield fluorescence. A, Dorsal view. B, Ventral view. Abbreviations: an, antenna; el, elytron; jp, jugular process; md, mandible; msf, mesofemur; mstb, mesotibia; msts, mesotarsus; msv, mesoventrite; mtf, metafemur; mttb, metatibia; mtts, metatarsus; mtv, metaventrite; mxp, maxillary palp; pf, profemur; pn, pronotum; ps, prosternum; ptb, protibia; pts, protarsus; v1–5, ventrites 1–5. Scale bars: 1 mm.

FIGURE 4. Vetuprostomis angularis Li in New species of Vetuprostomis from mid-Cretaceous amber of northern Myanmar (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea: Prostomidae)

FIGURE 4. Vetuprostomis angularis Li & Cai sp. nov., holotype, NIGP177907, under confocal microscopy. A, Mouthparts, ventral view. B, Prothorax, ventral view. C, Mesothorax, ventral view. D, Mouthparts, dorsal view. E, Prothorax, dorsal view. F, Fore leg. Abbreviations: an, antenna; cl, clypeus; ey, compound eye; jp, jugular process; lb, labrum; md, mandible; msv, mesoventrite; mxp, maxillary palp; pf, profemur; pn, pronotum; ps, prosternum; ptb, protibia; pts, protarsus. Scale bars: 300 μm.

FIGURE 3. Vetuprostomis angularis Li in New species of Vetuprostomis from mid-Cretaceous amber of northern Myanmar (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea: Prostomidae)

FIGURE 3. Vetuprostomis angularis Li & Cai sp. nov., holotype, NIGP177907, under widefield fluorescence. A, Head and prothorax, dorsal view. B, Head and prothorax, ventral view. C, Elytral apex, dorsal view. D, Pterothorax, ventral view. E, Abdomen, ventral view. Abbreviations: an, antenna; el, elytron; jp, jugular process; md, mandible; msf, mesofemur; msts, mesotarsus; msv, mesoventrite; mtf, metafemur; mttb, metatibia; mtts, metatarsus; mtv, metaventrite; mxp, maxillary palp; pf, profemur; pn, pronotum; ps, prosternum; ptb, protibia; pts, protarsus. Scale bars: 500 μm.

FIGURE 1 in New species of Vetuprostomis from mid-Cretaceous amber of northern Myanmar (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea: Prostomidae)

FIGURE 1. Extant Dryocora spp., deposited in Australian National Insect Collection. A, Dryocora walkeri, dorsal view. B–E, Dryocora howitti. B, Habitus, dorsal view. C, Habitus, ventral view. D, Head, ventral view. E, Head, dorsal view. Scale bars: 2 mm in A–C, 500 μm in D–E.

FIGURE 2 in New species of Vetuprostomis from mid-Cretaceous amber of northern Myanmar (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea: Prostomidae)

FIGURE 2. General habitus of Vetuprostomis angularis Li & Cai sp. nov., holotype, NIGP177907, under incident light. A, Dorsal view. B, Ventral view. Scale bars: 1.5 mm.

Subspecies and Distribution. H.a.aterTempleton,1848-IndiaandSriLanka. H.a.amboinensisPeters,1871—AmbonI,Moluccas. H.a.antricolaPeters,1861—Philippines. H.a.aruensisj.E.Gray,1858—NewGuinea,BismarckArchipelago,WoodlarkI,andEAustralia(Queensland). H.a.gilbertiD.H.Johnson,1959-WesternAustraliaandNorthernTerritory,Australia. H.a.naUamalaensis.Srinivasulu&B.Srinivasulu,2006-EasternGhats,AndhraPradesh,India. H. a. saevus K. Andersen, 1918 -Myanmar S to Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, N Borneo, Java, Lesser Sunda Is (Bali and Lombok), Sulawesi, Moluccas, and Kai Is. Range of this subspecies is tentative and needs revision in Hipposideridae

Subspecies and Distribution. H.a.aterTempleton,1848-IndiaandSriLanka. H.a.amboinensisPeters,1871—AmbonI,Moluccas. H.a.antricolaPeters,1861—Philippines. H.a.aruensisj.E.Gray,1858—NewGuinea,BismarckArchipelago,WoodlarkI,andEAustralia(Queensland). H.a.gilbertiD.H.Johnson,1959-WesternAustraliaandNorthernTerritory,Australia. H.a.naUamalaensis.Srinivasulu&B.Srinivasulu,2006-EasternGhats,AndhraPradesh,India. H. a. saevus K. Andersen, 1918 -Myanmar S to Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, N Borneo, Java, Lesser Sunda Is (Bali and Lombok), Sulawesi, Moluccas, and Kai Is. Range of this subspecies is tentative and needs revision

Subspecies and Distribution. H. a. armiger Hodgson, 1835 -N India, Nepal, Myanmar, C & S China (including Hainan I), and mainland SE Asia except Vietnam. H. a. fujianensis Zhen, 1987-SE China (Fujian). H. a. terasensis Kishida, 1924 —Taiwan I. H. a. traninhensis Bourret, 1942—Vietnam. in Hipposideridae

Subspecies and Distribution. H. a. armiger Hodgson, 1835 -N India, Nepal, Myanmar, C & S China (including Hainan I), and mainland SE Asia except Vietnam. H. a. fujianensis Zhen, 1987-SE China (Fujian). H. a. terasensis Kishida, 1924 —Taiwan I. H. a. traninhensis Bourret, 1942—Vietnam.

FIGURE 5 in Glyptothorax yuensis, a new species of sisorid catfish (Teleostei: Sisoridae) from Myanmar

FIGURE 5. Dorsal view of head of Glyptothorax: A, G. yuensis, ZSI FF 9015, 79 mm SL; B, G. ngapang ZSI FF 7087, 99 mm SL; C, G. longjiangensis, CAS 226064, 117.1 mm SL (from Ng et al., 2012). Figures not to scale.

FIGURE 3 in Glyptothorax yuensis, a new species of sisorid catfish (Teleostei: Sisoridae) from Myanmar

FIGURE 3. Schematic illustration of adipose fin patterns in Glyptothorax found in Chindwin-Irrawaddy drainage. A, G. yuensis, ZSI FF 9015, 79 mm SL; B, G. chivomensis (from Arunkumar & Moyon, 2017); C, G. granulus, ZSI FF 4142, 72.5 mm SL; D, G. ngapang, ZSI FF 4141, 90.5 mm SL; E, G. igniculus, ZSI FF 7088, 52.1 mm SL; F, G. ventrolineatus, ZSI FF 4227, 83.0 mm SL; G, G. senapatiensis, ZSI FF 4971, 51.5 mm SL; H, G. panda (from Ferraris & Britz, 2005), I, G. rugimentum (from Ng & Kottelat, 2008); J, G. burmanicus, ZSI F 10877/1, 102 mm SL; K. G. manimaculatus (from Ng & Kottelat, 2008); L, G. trilineatus, ZSI F 10380/1, 78.5 mm SL. Illustrations without scaled.

FIGURE 2 in Glyptothorax yuensis, a new species of sisorid catfish (Teleostei: Sisoridae) from Myanmar

FIGURE 2. Thoracic adhesive apparatus of Glyptothorax found in the Chindwin-Irrawaddy drainage. A, G. yuensis, ZSI FF 9015, 79 mm SL; B, G. burmanicus ZSI FF 8319, 116 mm SL; C, G. granulus ZSI FF 7581, 63 mm SL; D, G. igniculus ZSI FF 7088, 52.1 mm SL; E, G. ngapang ZSI FF 7087, 99 mm SL; F, G. senapatiensis ZSI FF 4971, 51.5 mm SL; G. G. trilineatus ZSI F 10380/1, 78.5 mm SL; H, G. ventrolineatus ZSI FF 7580, 69 mm SL. Figures not to scale.

FIGURE 4. Bipogonia trivialis Li in First Artematopodidae from mid-Cretaceous amber of northern Myanmar (Coleoptera: Elateroidea)

FIGURE 4. Bipogonia trivialis Li, Kundrata & Cai gen. et sp. nov., paratypes. A, B, NIGP179429, under incident light. A, Dorsal view. B, Ventral view. C, D, NIGP179430, under widefield fluorescence. C, Head, dorsal view. D, Elytral apices, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1 mm.

FIGURE 6 in First Artematopodidae from mid-Cretaceous amber of northern Myanmar (Coleoptera: Elateroidea)

FIGURE 6. Details of Bipogonia fortis Li, Kundrata & Cai sp. nov., holotype, NIGP179431, under widefield fluorescence. A, Head and prothorax, dorsal view. B, Head and prothorax, ventral view. C, Elytron, dorsal view. D, Posterior body, ventral view. E, Elytron and hind wing, ventral view. F, Abdominal apex, dorsal view. Abbreviations: an, antenna; el, elytron; md, mandible; mtv, metaventrite; mxp, maxillary palp; pn, pronotum; ps, prosternum; R, radial cell; v1–5, ventrites 1–5. Scale bars: 500 μm.