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Figure 16 in Morphometric analysis of Eocene nummulitids in western and central Cuba: taxonomy, biostratigraphy and evolutionary trends

Figure 16. Operculinoides floridensis (Heilprin). A–C, Loma Candelaria; A, 98LC-1-651; B, 98LC-1-667; C, 98LC-1-815. D, E, Loma Viǵıa; D, CA-216-F3-16; E, CA-216-D1a. F, Loma El Santo, CA-215-852. G, Loma Jabaco, LM-52-759. H, Angelita Quarry, 98MT-1. A–D, F and G are A forms in equatorial section; E and F are A forms in axial section.

Figure 6 in Description of a new species of the genus Rana (Anura: Ranidae) from western Guizhou, China, integrating morphological and molecular genetic data

Figure 6. Variation of the live adult male paratype GZNU20220705001 of Rana zhijinensis Luo, Xiao & Zhou, sp. nov. A. Dorsolateral view; B. Dorsal view; C. Ventral view.

Figure 1 in Description of a new species of the genus Rana (Anura: Ranidae) from western Guizhou, China, integrating morphological and molecular genetic data

Figure 1. Sampling localities of Rana zhijinensis Luo, Xiao & Zhou, sp. nov., R. culaiensis, R. hanluica, and R. omeimontis in Guizhou Province, China. A. Guiguo Town, Zhijin County; B. Supu Town, Qianxi County; C. Zhujianshan Nature Reserve, Huangping County; D. Leigongshan National Nature Reserve, Leishan County.

Figure 2 in Description of a new species of the genus Rana (Anura: Ranidae) from western Guizhou, China, integrating morphological and molecular genetic data

Figure 2. Phylogenetic tree based on three mitochondrial genes and six nuclear genes. A. Maternal tree; B. Nuclear gene tree. In both phylogenetic tree, ultrafast bootstrap support (UFB) values from ML analyses/Bayesian posterior probabilities (BPP) from BI analyses are given beside nodes. Scale bars denote nucleotide substitutions per sites for mitochondrial and nuclear genes.

Figure 5 in Description of a new species of the genus Rana (Anura: Ranidae) from western Guizhou, China, integrating morphological and molecular genetic data

Figure 5. Morphological features of the live adult male holotype GZNU2018081606 of Rana zhijinensis Luo, Xiao & Zhou, sp. nov. A. Dorsolateral view; B. Dorsal view; C. Ventral view; D. Egg cluster; E. Ventral view of hand and dark gray-blackish nuptial pad; F. Ventral view of foot.

Figure 4 in Description of a new species of the genus Rana (Anura: Ranidae) from western Guizhou, China, integrating morphological and molecular genetic data

Figure 4. Haplotype networks of Rana zhijinensis Luo, Xiao & Zhou, sp. nov. and its related species constructed based on the nuclear gene sequences. Different species of the R. japonica group are shown as different colors.

Figure 3 in Description of a new species of the genus Rana (Anura: Ranidae) from western Guizhou, China, integrating morphological and molecular genetic data

Figure 3. Phylogenetic tree based on four mitochondrial genes and six nuclear genes. In this phylogenetic tree, UFB from ML analyses/ BPP from BI analyses are given beside nodes. The scale bar represents 0.03 nucleotide substitutions per site. Red lines represent species delimitation results of bPTP and BPP.

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Data from: Aggressive interactions influence cognitive performance in Western Australian magpies

<p>Extensive research has investigated the relationship between the social environment and cognition, suggesting that social complexity may drive cognitive evolution and development. However, evidence for this relationship remains equivocal. Group size is often used as a measure of social complexity, but this may not capture intraspecific variation in social interactions. Social network analysis can provide insight into the cognitively demanding challenges associated with group-living at the individual-level. Here, we use social networks to investigate whether the cognitive performance of wild Western Australian magpies (<em>Gymnorhina tibicen dorsalis</em>) is related to group size and individual social connectedness. We quantified social connectedness using four interaction types: proximity, affiliative, agonistic, and vocal. Consistent with previous research on this species, individuals in larger groups performed better on an associative learning task. However, social network position was also related to cognitive performance. Individuals receiving aggressive interactions performed better, while those involved in aggressive interactions with more group members performed worse. Overall, this suggests that cognitive performance is related to specific types of social interaction. The findings from this study highlight the value of considering fine-grained metrics of sociality that capture the challenges associated with social life when testing the relationship between the social environment and cognition.</p>

FIGURE 3 in Redescription of Moenkhausia melogramma (Characiformes: Characidae), a poorly known tetra from the western Amazon basin

FIGURE 3 | Moenkhausia melogramma, immediately before preservation. A. ZUEC 15479, female, 37.6 mm SL, Brazil, Amazonas, Atalaia do Norte, rio Javari, igarapé do Adolfo. Photo: G. N. Salvador. B. ZUEC 13213, female, 41.5 mm SL, Brazil, Acre, Cruzeiro do Sul, igarapé Paleral, affluent of rio Moa. Photo: T. C. Pessali.

FIGURE 2 in Redescription of Moenkhausia melogramma (Characiformes: Characidae), a poorly known tetra from the western Amazon basin

FIGURE 2 | Moenkhausia melogramma. A. ZUEC 14912, female, 39.9 mm SL, Brazil, Amazonas, Tabatinga, rio Solimões basin. B. ZUEC 15479, female, 38.1 mm SL, Brazil, Amazonas, Atalaia do Norte, rio Javari. C. MZUSP 122033, male, 33.2 mm SL, Brazil, Amazonas, Manicoré, rio Madeira basin. D. ZUEC 11327, female, 30.2 mm SL, Ecuador, Sucumbíos, río Gueppi, río Putumayo basin. E. MUSM 30440, male, 34.0 mm SL, Peru, Loreto, Maynas, Iquitos, quebrada San Lucas. F. MZUSP 106697, female, 43.2 mm SL, Peru, Madre de Dios, Mazuko, río Planchón.

FIGURE 1 in Redescription of Moenkhausia melogramma (Characiformes: Characidae), a poorly known tetra from the western Amazon basin

FIGURE 1 | Moenkhausia melogramma, holotype, MCZ 20285, 38.3 mm SL, Brazil, Amazonas, Tabatinga. A. recent photograph, available on MCZ website (all rights reserved); B. after Eigenmann, 1917 (pl. 6, fig. 1).

FIGURE 4 in Redescription of Moenkhausia melogramma (Characiformes: Characidae), a poorly known tetra from the western Amazon basin

FIGURE 4 | Distribution of Moenkhausia melogramma in the western Amazon basin. Red star represents the type locality; black circles represent remaining known localities (one symbol may represent more than one lot).

Figure 5 in The rarity of gastroliths in sauropod dinosaurs - a case study in the Late Jurassic Morrison Formation, western USA

Figure 5. Cedarosaurus site field sketch, in which the gastrolith cluster is clearly visible. Three isolated gastroliths were dispersed throughout the skeleton. Redrawn and modified from Sanders et al. (2001).

Figure 7 in The rarity of gastroliths in sauropod dinosaurs - a case study in the Late Jurassic Morrison Formation, western USA

Figure 7. Plan-view map of the SI Quarry showing a scavenged juvenile Camarasaurus with vertebrate tracks, abundant theropod teeth, and gastroliths. Redrawn and modified from Jennings and Hasiotis (2006).

Figure 4. Carbonized material with a in The rarity of gastroliths in sauropod dinosaurs - a case study in the Late Jurassic Morrison Formation, western USA

Figure 4. Carbonized material with a single gastrolith from Howe Quarry. The presence of plant matter surrounding the clast is interpreted as evidence of former stomach contents. This is specimen number D18-15 in the Sauriermuseum Aathal.

Figure 3 in The rarity of gastroliths in sauropod dinosaurs - a case study in the Late Jurassic Morrison Formation, western USA

Figure 3. Section of R. T. Bird's Howe Quarry map showing the Barosaurus bones (yellow; A – pubis; B – abdominal rib?) as well as the gastroliths seen in the photograph in Fig. 2. The bones of the Barosaurus individual were partially articulated. Redrawn and modified from Rice and Bierwert (1935) and Michelis (2003).

Figure 6 in The rarity of gastroliths in sauropod dinosaurs - a case study in the Late Jurassic Morrison Formation, western USA

Figure 6. Distribution of bones and stones at the Diplodocus "Seismosaurus" longus locality (a) and cross section of the quarry (b). Note that bone-bearing blocks occurred below the first pebble lag and that there are two concentrations of gastroliths. A defined cluster was found in the pelvic area, whereas the majority of the stones were dispersed in the area north of the bone material. Redrawn and modified from Lucas (2000), and including information from Gillette (1994) (in a) and Schwartz and Manley (1992) (in b).

Figure 1 in The rarity of gastroliths in sauropod dinosaurs - a case study in the Late Jurassic Morrison Formation, western USA

Figure 1. Studied dinosaur localities in the western USA. The surrounding line represents the extension of the Morrison Formation. Abbreviations: BCQ – Bone Cabin Quarry; CLDQ – Cleveland- Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry; DMDQ – Dry Mesa Dinosaur Quarry; DNM (CQ) – Dinosaur National Monument (Carnegie Quarry); Howe Q and HSQ – Howe Quarry and Howe Stephens Quarry; SIQ – "Something Interesting Quarry" (Camarasaurus). The red bones represent sites where gastroliths have been found in association with bones. Redrawn and modified from Dodson et al. (1980b).

Figure 2 in The rarity of gastroliths in sauropod dinosaurs - a case study in the Late Jurassic Morrison Formation, western USA

Figure 2. Photograph of gastroliths found at Howe Quarry. Next to a Barosaurus pubis (a) and an elongated bone (b), probably an abdominal rib, the cluster of 64 stones is visible. Modified from Bird (1985).