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Figure 6 in ''Riding'' behaviour by males of Conops quadrifasciata (Diptera: Conopidae): Do females set up ''riders'' as targets for takeovers by larger males?

Figure 6. After the successful takeover the female permits an immediate act of copulation. She would not have permitted her former rider to mate at this point.

Figure 5 in ''Riding'' behaviour by males of Conops quadrifasciata (Diptera: Conopidae): Do females set up ''riders'' as targets for takeovers by larger males?

Figure 5. The attacker has forced himself in between rider and female and is about to move backwards on to her thorax. The rider (note his considerably smaller abdomen) retreats off to one side and is about to fly off.

Figure 4 in ''Riding'' behaviour by males of Conops quadrifasciata (Diptera: Conopidae): Do females set up ''riders'' as targets for takeovers by larger males?

Figure 4. This attacking male (on left) has rammed a riding couple with such force that they were knocked off their flower on to a leaf. The female remained stationary for the several minutes needed for a successful replacement of her partner. Comparison of head-widths indicates that the attacker is considerably larger than the rider.

Figure 3. A male attacker waiting beside a in ''Riding'' behaviour by males of Conops quadrifasciata (Diptera: Conopidae): Do females set up ''riders'' as targets for takeovers by larger males?

Figure 3. A male attacker waiting beside a rider who is engaged in a repeat copulation. Both males are about the same size.

Figure 2. Despite being some 20 in ''Riding'' behaviour by males of Conops quadrifasciata (Diptera: Conopidae): Do females set up ''riders'' as targets for takeovers by larger males?

Figure 2. Despite being some 20% larger than the incumbent rider, this attacker has failed to establish genitalic contact with the female, having been thwarted by repeated abdomen lifts. 'Ramming' seems to be the only effective way of making a takeover.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2021View details →

PGA Tour Data Set - 2018 to 2021

Data Set for PGA Tour Results for the 2018 to 2021 seasons. Additional incorporation of Player Profile data, Weather data and Golf Course Data

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2020View details →

Data set for anthropogenic contaminants in ice cores (Dome C - Antarctica)

The produced dataset (in MS Excel format) contains depth profile concentrations of a 16.5 m deep shallow core (covering approx. 200 years before present) drilled at the plateau site of Dome C, East Antarctica (75°06' South Latitude, 123°21' East Longitude), during the 23rd Italian Antarctic Expedition. The concentrations of the Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) Benzo[k]fluoranthene (BKF) and of Organochlorinated Pesticides (OCP) expressed as three single compounds (PeCB, ALD and 44D) and total (Σ51 Pesticides) are given in ng L-1. The ice core covers a time interval, which includes periods before and after the introduction of these Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) in commercial mixtures, as well as periods before the construction of research station facilities. However, in the top samples of the ice core, detected concentrations of analytes are ascribable to industrial anthropogenic activities.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2021View details →

Diversity in citations to a single study: Supplementary data set for citation context network analysis

Introduction This document describes the data set used for all analyses in 'Diversity in citations to a single study: A citation context network analysis of how evidence from a prospective cohort study was cited' accepted for publication in Quantitative Science Studies [1]. Data Collection The data collection procedure has been fully described [1]. Concisely, the data set contains bibliometric data collected from Web of Science Core Collection via the University of Edinburgh’s Library subscription concerning all papers that cited a cohort study, Paul et al. [2], in the period <1985. This includes a full list of citing papers, and the citations between these papers. Additionally, it includes textual passages (citation contexts) from 343 citing papers, which were manually recovered from the full-text documents accessible via the University of Edinburgh’s Library subscription. These data have been cleaned, converted into network readable datasets, and are coded into particular classifications reflecting content, which are described fully in the supplied code book and within the manuscript [1].  Data description All relevant data can be found in the attached file 'Supplementary_material_Leng_QSS_2021.xlsx', which contains the following five workbooks: <ul> <li>“Overview” includes a list of the content of the workbooks.</li> <li>“Code Book” contains the coding rules and definitions used for the classification of findings and paper titles.</li> <li>“Node attribute list” includes a workbook containing all node attributes for the citation network, which includes Paul et al. [2] and its citing papers as of 1984. Highlighted in yellow at the bottom of this workbook is two papers that were discarded due to duplication - remove these if analysing this dataset in a network analysis. The columns refer to:</li> </ul> <ol> <li>Id, the node identifier</li> <li>Label, the formal citation of the paper to which data within this row corresponds. Citation is in the following format: last name of first author, year of publication, journal of publication, volume number, start page, and DOI (if available).  </li> <li>Title, the paper title for the paper in question.</li> <li>Publication_year, the year of publication.</li> <li>Document_type, the document type (e.g. review, article)</li> <li>WoS_ID, the paper’s unique Web of Science accession number.</li> <li>Citation_context, a column specifying whether citation context data is available from that paper</li> <li>Explanans, the title explanans terms for that paper;</li> <li>Explanandum, the explanandum terms for that paper.</li> <li>Combined_Title_Classification, the combined terms used for fig 2 of the published manuscript.</li> <li>Serum_cholesterol_(SC), a column identifying papers that cited the serum cholesterol findings.</li> <li>Blood_Pressure_(BP), a column identifying papers that cited the blood pressure findings.</li> <li>Coffee_(C), a column identifying papers that cited the coffee findings.</li> <li>Diet_(D), a column identifying papers that cited the dietary findings.</li> <li>Smoking_(S), a column identifying papers that cited the smoking findings.</li> <li>Alcohol_(A), a column identifying papers that cited the alcohol findings.</li> <li>Physical_Activity_(PA), a column identifying papers that cited the physical activity findings.</li> <li>Body_Fatness (BF), a column identifying papers that cited the body fatness findings.</li> <li>Indegree, the number of within network citations to that paper, calculated for the network shown in Fig 4 of the manuscript.</li> <li>Outdegree, the number of within network references of that paper as calculated for the network in Fig 4.</li> <li>Main_component, a column specifying whether a node is contained in the largest weakly connect component as shown in Fig 4 of the manuscript.</li> <li>Cluster, provides the cluster membership number as discussed within the manuscript (Fig 5).</li> </ol> <ul> <li>“Edge list” includes a workbook including the edges for the network. The columns refer to:</li> </ul> <ol> <li>Source, contains the node identifier of the citing paper.</li> <li>Target, contains the node identifier of the cited paper.</li> </ol> <ul> <li>“Citation context classification” includes a workbook containing the WoS accession number for the paper analysed, and any finding category discussed in that paper established via context analysis (see the code book for definitions). The columns refer to:</li> </ul> <ol> <li>Id, the node identifier</li> <li>Finding_Class, the findings discussed from Paul et al. within the body of the citing paper.  </li> </ol> <ul> <li> “Citation context data” includes a workbook containing the WoS accession number for papers in which citation context data was available, the citation context passages, the reference number or format of Paul et al. within the citing paper, and the finding categories discussed in those contexts (see code book for definitions). The columns refer to:</li> </ul> <ol> <li>Id, the node identifier</li> <li>Citation_context, the passage copied from the full text of the citing paper containing discussion of the findings of Paul et al.</li> <li>Reference_in_citing_article, the reference number or format of Paul et al. within the citing paper.</li> <li>Finding_class, the findings discussed from Paul et al. within the body of the citing paper. </li> </ol> Software recommended for analysis For the analyses performed within the manuscript, Gephi version 0.9.2 was used [3], and both the edge and node lists are in a format that is easily read into this software. The Sci2 tool was used to parse data initially [4]. Notes <ol> <li>Leng, R. I. (Forthcoming). Diversity in citations to a single study: A citation context network analysis of how evidence from a prospective cohort study was cited. Quantitative Science Studies.</li> <li>Paul, O., Lepper, M. H., Phelan, W. H., Dupertuis, G. W., Macmillan, A., McKean, H., et al. (1963). A longitudinal study of coronary heart disease. Circulation, 28, 20-31. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.28.1.20">https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.28.1.20</a>.</li> <li>Bastian, M., Heymann, S., & Jacomy, M. (2009). Gephi: an open source software for exploring and manipulating networks. International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media.</li> <li>Sci2 Team. (2009). Science of Science (Sci2) Tool. Indiana University and SciTech Strategies. Stable URL: <a href="https://sci2.cns.iu.edu">https://sci2.cns.iu.edu</a></li> </ol>

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2019View details →

Fig. 2. Forty-one grid cells randomly set within a 10 in Factors limiting the current distribution of the introduced Java sparrow (Lonchura oryzivora) in Bangkok, Thailand

Fig. 2. Forty-one grid cells randomly set within a 10-km radius around Don Muang airport, Bangkok, Thailand, used for surveying Java sparrows. Don Muang was the site where Java sparrows were first recorded in Thailand in 1924. The study area includes three provinces; Bangkok, Pathum Thani, and Nonthaburi. The primary land use was urban, while paddyfields were mostly located on the eastern side of the study area. Different symbols (circles, squares and triangles) represent the number of occasions (out of 5 possible visits to a location) on which the sparrow was detected. Size of symbols of Java sparrow detection points was related to the number of birds detected; smallest size indicated only 1 bird was detected, medium size indicated 2–10 birds were detected, and largest size indicated a group of more than 40 birds was detected.

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Surface electromyography data set of knee osteoarthritis patients undergoing hydrotherapy and physiotherapy rehabilitation routines

Osteoarthritis is one of the most prevalent degenerative diseases in the elderly that affects the structural and functional integrity of the musculoskeletal system. Currently, hydrotherapy is taking relevance for osteoarthritis treatment due to its possible efficacy on pain relief and functionality. This therapy can be evaluated by means of an electromyographic analysis. The objective is to show a database of lower limbs muscles electrical activity in charge of postural stability, comparing the difference between hydrotherapy and conventional therapy through surface electromyography. A signal acquisition methodology was developed measuring electromyographic activity of the Tibialis Anterior, Soleus, Vastus Medialis, Biceps Femoris, Medial Gastrocnemius and Lateral Gastrocnemius muscles, before and after applying a specific exercise routine for knee osteoarthritis. This routine consisted of 12 therapy sessions spread over 4 weeks and could be done in water and on land.  The data is organized according to the attendance of 28 patients to the therapy sessions. There are two records per person, before and after each hydrotherapy or physiotherapy session, obtaining a total of 1344 records at the end of the 12 sessions, and 56 data for each session. However, a total of 864 complete records were obtained for both therapies, withdrawing those who missed any of the sessions. There is a personal information database in .CSV format and electromyographic records with a .MAT extension.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2020View details →

Text-fig. 5. The generic composition of the rodent faunas on the family and subfamily level. The black line sets apart subfamilies of the Muridae (right side) from other rodents (left). The proportion of murid genera increases over time. in Generically Speaking, A Survey On Neogene Rodent Diversity At The Genus Level In The Now Database

Text-fig. 5. The generic composition of the rodent faunas on the family and subfamily level. The black line sets apart subfamilies of the Muridae (right side) from other rodents (left). The proportion of murid genera increases over time.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2020View details →

Text-fig. 1. Geographic setting of the locality Mikhailovka-5. a: map of the Russian Plain, b: map of the central part of the Russian Plain. in Late Pleistocene (Eemian) Mollusk And Small Mammal Fauna From Mikhailovka-5 (Kursk Oblast, Central Russia)

Text-fig. 1. Geographic setting of the locality Mikhailovka-5. a: map of the Russian Plain, b: map of the central part of the Russian Plain.

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Text-fig. 3. Palaeogeographic distribution of Schloenbachia lymensis (red dots) in the Upper Cenomanian Calycoceras guerangeri through the Metoicoceras geslinianum Zones. Light blue – shallow epicontinental sea, dark blue – deep marine settings, yellow – land. * asterisk – occurrence in the BCB (modified after Wilmsen 2012). in Taxonomy And Stratigraphic Distribution Of The Ammonite Schloenbachia Neumayr, 1875 From The Bohemian Cretaceous Basin

Text-fig. 3. Palaeogeographic distribution of Schloenbachia lymensis (red dots) in the Upper Cenomanian Calycoceras guerangeri through the Metoicoceras geslinianum Zones. Light blue – shallow epicontinental sea, dark blue – deep marine settings, yellow – land. * asterisk – occurrence in the BCB (modified after Wilmsen 2012).

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2017View details →

Text-fig. 7. Plot of discriminant scores (R1/R2) of individual M1 of Apodemus spp. from particular Pleistocene biozones superimposed onto a plot of variation ranges for the respective variables for the Recent Apodemus sample (based on the discrimination analysis of total set of characters, both metric and non-metric). in Genus Apodemus In The Pleistocene Of Central Europe: When Did The Extant Taxa Appear?

Text-fig. 7. Plot of discriminant scores (R1/R2) of individual M1 of Apodemus spp. from particular Pleistocene biozones superimposed onto a plot of variation ranges for the respective variables for the Recent Apodemus sample (based on the discrimination analysis of total set of characters, both metric and non-metric).

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2017View details →

Text-fig. 1. Geographical setting. Topographic map (swissALTI3D) showing the position of the Rigi localities (asterisks) in Central Switzerland. in Eomys Helveticus N. Sp. And Eomys Schluneggeri N. Sp., Two New Small Eomyids Of The Chattian (Mp 25/Mp 26) Subalpine Lower Freshwater Molasse Of Switzerland

Text-fig. 1. Geographical setting. Topographic map (swissALTI3D) showing the position of the Rigi localities (asterisks) in Central Switzerland.

opencc-by-4.0May 2006View details →

Figure 4. The setting for the phototactic experiments. A in Functional morphology and light-gathering ability of podocopid ostracod eyes and the palaeontological implications

Figure 4. The setting for the phototactic experiments. A white fibre-optic illumination (150 W) from a halogen lamp was exposed to the podocopid ostracod at the distance of D and an angle of 45°.

Figure 10 in The Simulium vernum group (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Europe: multiple character sets for assessing species status

Figure 10. Neighbour-joining analysis of the Kimura two-parameter (K2P) distances of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) 800-bp sequences from Simulium crenobium (Knoz, 1961), Simulium juxtacrenobium Bass & Brockhouse, 1990, and Simulium vernum s.s. Macquart, 1826 in relation to Simulium costatum Friederichs, 1920; AU, Austria; EN, England; FN, Finland; SW, Sweden.

Figure 11 in The Simulium vernum group (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Europe: multiple character sets for assessing species status

Figure 11. Neighbour-joining analysis of the Kimura two-parameter (K2P) distances of combined barcode cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) + COI 800-bp sequences from Simulium crenobium (Knoz, 1961), Simulium juxtacrenobium Bass & Brockhouse, 1990, and Simulium vernum s.s. Macquart, 1826 in relation to Simulium costatum Friederichs, 1920; AU, Austria; EN, England; FN, Finland; SW, Sweden.

Figure 4 in The Simulium vernum group (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Europe: multiple character sets for assessing species status

Figure 4. Larval head pigmentation viewed (A) laterally and (B, C) dorsally, and (D) antenna, (E) hypostoma, and (F–J) postgenal cleft of Simulium juxtacrenobium Bass & Brockhouse, 1990; examples from Finland show variation of apotome pigmentation (B, C), and variation in postgenal cleft shape and associated pigmentation (F–J). Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Figure 7. Two morphologically different B in The Simulium vernum group (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Europe: multiple character sets for assessing species status

Figure 7. Two morphologically different B chromosomes of Simulium juxtacrenobium Bass & Brockhouse, 1990 (female larva from Sweden, site 15).